高乙烯基含量硅橡胶室温硫化膜的富氧性能

采用乙烯基摩尔分数为5％的硅橡胶与含氢硅油交联剂及氯铂酸催化剂,经溶液浇铸和室温硫化（RTV）,制备了高交联度的硅橡胶膜,并研究了该膜的富氧性能。研究发现,与普通硅橡胶膜相比,室温附近的氧透过系数（Po2）稍有降低,氧氮分离系数（αO2／N2）则明显提高,αO2／N2＝2．87。本文还考察研究了压力、温度以及热处理过程等因素对高交联度硅橡胶膜富氧性能的影响,与其它改性的硅橡胶膜相比,该富氧膜显示出富氧性、成膜性及硫化性等综合性能较优的特点,显示出潜在的应用价值。     

发动机进气系统高通量富氧膜的研制

采用交联改性的方法对较低分子量的乙烯基硅橡胶进行了改性研究,制备了高通量的富氧膜,结合单因素实验法和Design-expert正交实验设计,考察了原料配比、交联反应时间、固化温度和固化时间等因素对富氧膜性能的影响,确定了最佳富氧性能膜的制备条件:原料配比4.3,反应时间2.15h,固化温度86.25℃,固化时间1.75h;获得了富氧浓度为28.68%,透气量为4696.33 barrer的富氧膜,该膜的富氧浓度与常规商品化膜相当,透气量为常规商品化膜的2~4倍,有应用于发动机富氧进气系统的前景。通过扫描电镜检测、机械性能检测等手段对复合膜进行了进一步表征。     

聚砜-硅橡胶富氧膜的制备

研究了聚砜超滤底膜的种类,聚砜底膜上涂敷的硅橡胶的种类、浓度、涂敷次数、涂敷速度以及过程操作压力等对聚砜-硅橡胶复合膜富氧性能(富氧浓度和透气量)的影响,并在此基础上确定了较佳的硅橡胶类型和超滤底膜,最后在较佳的工艺条件下制得了富氧浓度为29.9%,富氧透气量为17.28 L/(m2.min)的能满足工业应用需要的聚砜-硅橡胶复合膜.此外,还对聚砜超滤底膜的结构进行了扫描电镜分析.     

小型富氧器的研制

用改性甲基硅橡胶膜制成了富氧组件。当膜两侧的压力比为0.26或集气管的绝对压力为20cmHg时,其富氧性能:流量0.80—1.40升/分,富氧空气的氧气含量27.7—33.5%。由组件制成了7组件富氧器,这个富氧器在实验室进行了操作,其操作条件,膜两侧压力比(P_L/P_H)对富氧空气流量及富氧空气中氧含量或分离系数有巨大的影响。     

环状分子交联剂的合成及其改性硅橡胶膜的富氧性能

通过控制2,4,6,8-四甲基环四硅氧烷(D4H)和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMO)的摩尔比合成了环状分子上含有硅氢原子和三甲氧基硅基的交联剂,并用IR进行了表征.以乙烯基摩尔分数为10%的硅橡胶和上述交联剂为基质材料,以氯铂酸为催化剂,经溶液浇铸和通过双重交联反应──乙烯基与硅氢的加成反应和三甲氧基硅基的水解、缩合反应制备了改性硅橡胶气体分离膜.气体渗透的测试结果表明,该膜具有良好的富氧性能,例如,在20℃和0.05 MPa压差下,PO2为595 Barrer,αO2/N2高达2.89.改性硅橡胶膜的成膜过程和交联反应可在室温下同时进行,与其它改性硅橡胶膜相比,不仅改性方法简单,且分离性能明显提高.     

乳液涂敷制备硅橡胶富氧膜

实验制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷/聚砜（PDMS/PS）富氧膜,并考察其富氧性能,分别制备了溶剂型羟基硅橡胶富氧膜和乳液型羟基硅橡胶富氧膜,评价其渗透速率Q和分离系数α（O₂/N₂）,得出了二者在性能上的差异,发现溶剂型富氧膜渗透速率Q（O₂）是乳液型富氧膜Q（O₂）的3～4倍,而乳液型富氧膜的分离系数α（O₂/N₂）比溶剂型富氧膜略好,并且以水代替有机溶剂,采用硅橡胶水乳液作为涂敷材料进行乳液涂敷,制备的乳液型富氧膜相对于传统的溶剂型富氧膜,具有环保、安全和经济等特点.该方法制备的富氧膜同时也具有较好的富氧效果,其氧气渗透速率Q（O₂）在113 GPU左右,分离系数α（O₂/N₂）能达到2.0.     

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MATERIALS FOR OXYGEN-ENRICHMENT MEMBRANE

膜法制备富氧空气,近年来取得迅速进展。富氧空气可用于气喘病及呼吸系统障碍的患者。但更主要用于富氧燃烧。目前,最广泛应用的富膜材料是硅橡胶。可以用嵌段、接技及交联等化学方法,改进硅橡胶的性能。讨论了聚(4-甲基戌烯-1),聚(乙烯基三甲基硅烷)、聚苯醚、聚富马酸二脂及聚(1-三甲基硅烷1-丙炔)等聚合物,作为富氧膜材料使用的可能性。最后评论了分离氧、氮的新的膜过程。     

富氧膜材料的进展

膜法制备富氧空气,近年来取得迅速进展。富氧空气可用于气喘病及呼吸系统障碍的患者。但更主要用于富氧燃烧。目前,最广泛应用的富膜材料是硅橡胶。可以用嵌段、接技及交联等化学方法,改进硅橡胶的性能。讨论了聚(4-甲基戌烯-1),聚(乙烯基三甲基硅烷)、聚苯醚、聚富马酸二脂及聚(1-三甲基硅烷1-丙炔)等聚合物,作为富氧膜材料使用的可能性。最后评论了分离氧、氮的新的膜过程。     

中空纤维富氧复合膜的研究

以聚砜为膜材料纺制中空纤维膜，摸索出膜液的配方，改变纺丝工艺条件，纺变纺丝工艺条件，纺出性能优异的基膜。在此基础上以１０７＾＃、１＾＃、２＾＃、３＾２等硅橡胶为涂层，制备了具有一定富氧效果和透气性能的聚砜－硅橡胶中空纤维复合膜。     

高分子富氧膜材料的应用与发展

本文介绍了高分子富氧膜材料的富氧原理、影响其性能的因素及多种高分子富氧膜材料。并着重评述了这些材料在各领域的应用和研究、开发前景。     

硅橡胶掺杂SiO2共混膜的制备及富氧性能

研究了用纳米SiO2掺杂于聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)材料中制备共混富氧膜.结果表明:当SiO2用量达到40%时,富氧气浓度比PDMS提高3.5%,富氧气通量提高11.1%.且富氧膜的操作特性并不因SiO2的加入而发生改变.     

Enhanced Serum Carbon Dioxide Measurements with a Silicone Rubber-Based Carbonate Ion-Selective Electrode and a High-pH Dilution Buffer

A new silicone rubber matrix carbonate-selective membrane and a high-pH buffer diluent are used to enhance the performance of the electrode measurements for serum carbon dioxide. The proposed membrane employs one-component silicone rubber as the matrix and trifluoroacetyl-p-decylbenzene as the neutral ionophore. The optimized membrane formulation incorporates as high as 21.9 wt % plasticizer (e.g., bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate). The highly plasticized silicone rubber membranes not only function equivalently, in terms of the carbonate response, to the conventional PVC matrix membranes, but they also exhibit substantially reduced interfering response toward salicylate. Furthermore, the silicone rubber membrane exhibits better adhesion to the solid surface than do PVC or PU membranes. The use of higher pH buffers (e.g., 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)-H(2)SO(4), pH 9.5-10.5) further enhances the selectivity of the carbonate electrode measurement system for total CO(2) species over other anions. It is shown that the combined use of the silicone rubber matrix membrane and the high-pH AMP buffer provides a carbonate sensor system that is substantially less subject to interference from salicylate and chloride than is the conventional measurement system employing the PVC-based electrode with the lower pH (8.4-8.8) buffer diluent.     

利用卷式膜分离器分离有机蒸气／氮气混合气的过程研究

利用硅橡胶（ Ｌ Ｔ Ｖ）／ 聚醚酰亚胺（ Ｐ Ｅ Ｉ） 复合膜做成的卷式膜分离器,进行了有机蒸气（ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ）／ 氮气混合气分离过程的研究,主要考察了原料气的处理量、浓度、压力以及渗透侧真空度对有机蒸气脱除率的影响．实验结果表明,当压力为０ ．６ Ｍ Ｐａ ,处理量为１ ．０３ ｍ ３／ｈ ,渗透侧真空度为０ ．０２ Ｍ Ｐａ 时,有机蒸气的脱除率达到９０ ％ 以上;提高原料气侧的压力以及在渗透侧抽真空,都可以使脱除率增加     

Pervaporative separation of carboxylic acid-water mixtures

Pervaporative separation of aqueous solutions of propionic, butyric and iso-butyric acid has been studied using plain and filled silicone rubber membranes. All the three acids can be conveniently separated using plain silicone rubber membranes.     

On the shrinking and hardening of EPDM rubber membranes in water sanitation filtration tanks

A water reclamation plant (WRP) uses a fine bubble-diffuser system to treat biological sewage waste. The process involves pumping air through slits in rubber membranes to feed bacteria in the waste stream. This case study deals with problems encountered with shrinking and hardening of the EPDM rubber membranes. Several factors affecting the performance of the rubber were investigated, including “leaching” of plasticizers, accelerated cross-linking due to the effects of temperature, and vulcanization effects on rubber flexibility. Different rubber materials were evaluated (i.e. silicone, Hypalon, Viton, neoprene, and a different formulation of the EPDM rubber). The investigation found that EPDM compound 7195 provided superior performance and met the required parameters for the wastewater treatment application. Additional investigations revolved around improving pumping losses in membrane through optimized perforation sizes and the inclusion of a cooling system (water misting or heat-exchanger) to cool the air before it reaches the membrane.     

硅橡胶膜中的溶胀行为及分配系数

采用自制的硅橡胶(PDMS)膜，研究了两组分混合溶剂在硅橡胶膜中的溶胀行为及分配系数．比较了溶胀率的实验值和理论值，考查了溶胀液平衡浓度与硅橡胶膜的溶胀率和分配系数的关系，以及溶胀液平衡温度与分配系数的关系．     

In Vitro Study of Transdermal Nicotine Delivery: Influence of Rate-Controlling Membranes and Adhesives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a rate-controlling membrane and adhesive on the in vitro permeation of nicotine. The physicochemical properties of the adhesive, including adhesion and rheology (viscosity), were also detected. Higher permeability of nicotine was observed through a hydrophilic membrane than through a hydrophobic membrane. Natural rubber and silicone were used as the adhesive bases, respectively. The silicone adhesive showed the highest adhesion among all adhesive formulations. To increase the adhesion of natural rubber, a tackifier (polyisoprene) and a secondary tackifier (terpene polymer; Px 1150®) were incorporated into the formulations to achieve acceptable adhesion. The nicotine permeation through silicone adhesive and three natural rubber adhesives with the secondary tackifier (2%, 4%, and 6% Px 1150) was close to that from a commercially available patch (Habitrol®), although the loading amount of nicotine was not the same. A longer lag time during the in vitro permeation study of nicotine was required for the adhesives prepared in our laboratory than for the commercially available patch.     

在空间质子辐照下甲基硅橡胶的破坏模型

利用空间辐照环境地面模拟设备研究了质子辐照对甲基硅橡胶的破坏,建立了甲基硅橡胶的破坏模型.结果表明,在辐照能量为180 keV,辐照剂量为1016cm-2的条件下,被质子辐照后,硅橡胶生成CH3SiOCH3气体产物;量子化学计算表明,在H 直接进攻硅橡胶高分子链中的O导致高分子链断裂的过程中要放热655.34 kJ/mol,是唯一的放热反应通道.这一过程不会形成稳定的过渡态和中间体,而是直接形成断键产物.计算结果与质子辐照生成的气体产物CH3SiOCH3一致.     

In Vitro Study of Transdermal Nicotine Delivery: Influence of Rate-Controlling Membranes and Adhesives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a rate-controlling membrane and adhesive on the in vitro permeation of nicotine. The physicochemical properties of the adhesive, including adhesion and rheology (viscosity), were also detected. Higher permeability of nicotine was observed through a hydrophilic membrane than through a hydrophobic membrane. Natural rubber and silicone were used as the adhesive bases, respectively. The silicone adhesive showed the highest adhesion among all adhesive formulations. To increase the adhesion of natural rubber, a tackifier (polyisoprene) and a secondary tackifier (terpene polymer; Px 1150®) were incorporated into the formulations to achieve acceptable adhesion. The nicotine permeation through silicone adhesive and three natural rubber adhesives with the secondary tackifier (2%, 4%, and 6% Px 1150) was close to that from a commercially available patch (Habitrol®), although the loading amount of nicotine was not the same. A longer lag time during the in vitro permeation study of nicotine was required for the adhesives prepared in our laboratory than for the commercially available patch.