柔性染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

从柔性基底的选择、低温法制备纳米晶TiO2薄膜、柔性对电极等几个方面介绍了柔性DSSC的研究进展,重点评述了纳米晶TiO2薄膜低温制备技术,如低温烧结法、微波烧结法、水热法、紫外光照射法和加压法等的优缺点,并展望了柔性DSSC未来的研究方向.     

基于不同浓度铂对电极的染料敏化太阳能电池的性能研究

染料敏化太阳能电池对电极上用于催化的铂的浓度对电池的光电转换性能有重要的影响,特别是当光从对电极射入染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)时.制备了不同铂浓度对电极的电池,研究了光从对电极入射时,铂对内部阻抗、光吸收效率等的影响,优化出最佳的铂浓度.结果表明,10mmol/L为最佳对电极入射铂浓度,在一定浓度范围内,开路电压(...     

碳材料在太阳能电池对电极中的研究进展

简要说明了太阳能电池对电极的作用,并阐述了铂对电极、镍对电极、聚合物对电极和氧化铜对电极目前的发展状况.碳材料具有良好的导电性能和催化性能,具有制备太阳能电池对电极的基本性质.详细论述了碳材料对电板的制备工艺及其性能参数,与其它对电极相比,碳材料制备的对电极导电性能好,光电转化率可达到铂电极的90%,优于其它材料制备的对电极,而且价格低廉,因此碳材料对电极具有广阔的发展前景.碳材料对电极是染料敏化太阳能电池的重要研究方向.     

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池和柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池关键电极材料研究进展

柔性太阳能电池具有轻便、可弯曲的优点,可用于可穿戴设备等器件的即时充电,具有广阔的应用前景,受到持续广泛的关注。柔性太阳能电池制备中的关键在于基材以及与之相关的电极材料的制备。本文综述了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池和柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池近几年的发展情况,着重介绍了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极、对电极以及柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的底电极和电子传输层。结果发现高温烧结目前仍是制备高效染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极不可避免的方法,而对电极则不受这一限制并且已经有多种材料的效率超过了高温烧结的铂。柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究重点是用其他材料代替底电极中柔性较差的ITO以及高温烧结的电子传输材料TiO₂,并且都取得显著成效。在此基础上,展望了柔性染料敏化太阳能电池和柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池未来的发展方向。     

基于喷墨打印技术的柔性RC滤波器直接制备技术

为解决通过印刷电子技术制备的柔性RC滤波器中导电材料与基底间附着力差的问题,本文引入喷墨打印银离子导电墨水制备柔性RC滤波器.该方案采用经过NaOH溶液预处理后的聚酰亚胺薄膜作为电容介质层,利用DMP-2800材料喷墨打印机使银离子导电墨水在聚酰亚胺薄膜表面形成导电图案,然后对其进行化学镀铜得到柔性RC滤波器.喷墨打印银离子导电墨水制备的柔性RC滤波器成本低、制造工艺简单且易于个性化设计.实验通过百格刀测试法测得该柔性RC滤波器的附着力可达到5B级.     

基于EDTA-Cu的柔性阴极制备试验与机理研究

为制备低成本和环保的柔性阴极,研究柔性电极的制备机理,本文以EDTA-Cu为活性材料,利用激光诱导化学镀铜工艺,制备了电解加工柔性阴极并进行了系统表征,对相关机理进行了探讨.试验结果表明,基于EDTA-Cu和改性聚氨酯的柔性阴极具有较好的激光诱导化学镀铜选择性,活性材料的成分和颗粒形貌、激光功率、扫描速度、激光波长、激...     

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池TiO_2光阳极的制备

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池(Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell,FDSSC)是以聚合物或金属等柔性材料为基底的染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell,DSSC)。相比于刚性DSSC,其具有可弯曲、低成本、易大面积加工和应用范围广等优点,越来越受到人们的关注。柔性染料敏化太阳能电池TiO2光阳极的制备方法,根据热处理温度的不同可以分为低温和高温制备方法,其中包括化学法、压力法、电泳沉积法、转移法、金属基底上的制备以及一些新的制备方法等。本文结合DSSC光阳极中电子的传输和复合的基本原理,针对电极的各制备方法进行了综述,并对电池的相关性能作了一定的介绍;最后,对FDSSC未来的发展前景和有潜力的研究方向进行了展望。     

化学镀金属电磁屏蔽织物的研究进展

电磁屏蔽织物作为柔性电磁屏蔽材料,在电子工业、航空航天和军事防护等领域具有广阔的应用前景.电磁屏蔽织物制备方法很多,其中化学镀金属织物由于操作简便、成本低廉,成为目前产业化制备电磁屏蔽织物的主要手段.简述了化学镀工艺流程,并对新型纺织基材前处理方法进行了总结;概述了化学镀金属种类及新型纺织基材类型;归纳了化学镀存在的问...     

染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的研究进展

简要说明了染料敏化太阳能电池中对电极的作用,指出对电极是染料敏化太阳能电池的重要研究方向。详细介绍了各类对电极的特点和制备工艺,通过对比发现,铂对电极性能最好,但高成本限制了它的应用;价格低廉、性能较高的碳和聚合物对电极的发展前景广阔。最后论述了对电极的发展方向和国内外的研究现状。     

染料敏化纳晶薄膜太阳电池对电极的研究进展

研究了染料敏化纳晶薄膜太阳电池由于价格低、性能好而备受关注，对电极作为染料敏化纳晶薄膜太阳电池的重要组成部分，其性能对电池性能有很大影响。综述了目前对电极的研究进展，重点分析了对镀铂电极、碳电极的研究进展，并简要介绍了导电聚合物电极和柔性对电极在染料敏化纳晶薄膜太阳电池中的应用。     

改性CE柔性膜的制备

采用增韧剂(A)对氰酸酯树脂(CE)进行了增韧改性,使用溶液浇铸成型制备了改性CE柔性膜。研究了催化剂(B)和增韧剂对CE固化速率和固化温度的影响。与纯CE相比,含有催化剂的CE固化温度大幅度降低、固化速度明显提高。增韧剂的加入降低了CE/B体系的固化温度。固化时间延长,CE/A体系固化程度提高;增韧剂用量增大,改性CE膜的拉伸强度和杨氏模量下降,柔性提高;改变CE与A预聚温度可调整改性CE膜的强度和模量。     

Advancing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometric imaging for capillary electrophoresis analysis of peptides

In this work, the utilization of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-MSI) for capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis of peptides based on a simple and robust off-line interface has been investigated. The interface involves sliding the CE capillary distal end within a machined groove on a MALDI sample plate, which is precoated with a thin layer of matrix for continuous sample deposition. MALDI-MSI by time of flight (TOF)/TOF along the CE track enables high-resolution and high-sensitivity detection of peptides, allowing the reconstruction of a CE electropherogram while providing accurate mass measurements and structural identification of molecules. Neuropeptide standards and their H/D isotopic formaldehyde-labeled derivatives were analyzed using this new platform. Normalized intensity ratios of individual ions extracted from the CE trace were compared to MALDI-MS direct analysis and the theoretical ratios. The CE-MALDI-MSI results show potential for sensitive and quantitative analysis of peptide mixtures spanning a wide dynamic range.     

Large‐Scale Direct‐Writing of Aligned Nanofibers for Flexible Electronics

Nanofibers/nanowires usually exhibit exceptionally low flexural rigidities and remarkable tolerance against mechanical bending, showing superior advantages in flexible electronics applications. Electrospinning is regarded as a powerful process for this 1D nanostructure; however, it can only be able to produce chaotic fibers that are incompatible with the well‐patterned microstructures in flexible electronics. Electro‐hydrodynamic (EHD) direct‐writing technology enables large‐scale deposition of highly aligned nanofibers in an additive, noncontact, real‐time adjustment, and individual control manner on rigid or flexible, planar or curved substrates, making it rather attractive in the fabrication of flexible electronics. In this Review, the ground‐breaking research progress in the field of EHD direct‐writing technology is summarized, including a brief chronology of EHD direct‐writing techniques, basic principles and alignment strategies, and applications in flexible electronics. Finally, future prospects are suggested to advance flexible electronics based on orderly arranged EHD direct‐written fibers. This technology overcomes the limitations of the resolution of fabrication and viscosity of ink of conventional inkjet printing, and represents major advances in manufacturing of flexible electronics.     

纤维素-聚丁二酸丁二醇酯复合薄膜的制备

目的利用添加剂改善离子液体溶剂再生纤维素的性能。方法以离子液体为纤维素溶剂,利用柔性聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)增韧纤维素薄膜,并对复合薄膜的结构进行研究。利用拉伸实验仪和扫描电子显微镜,研究复合薄膜的力学性能及拉伸机理。结果 PBS质量分数为1%时,复合薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率由纯纤维素的45.6 MPa和7.21%提高到58 MPa和15.6%,分别提高了30.7%和48.2%。结论 PBS是以共混的形式存在于纤维素基体中,它们之间没有化学键作用,PBS的含量显著影响其颗粒的大小和分散状态。低含量下PBS微颗粒均匀分散在纤维素基体内,降低了纤维素分子间氢键的密度,有利于纤维素分子链滑移,增强复合薄膜韧性。     

量子点敏化太阳能电池对电极材料的研究进展

量子点敏化太阳能电池(Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar cells, QDSCs)制备工艺简单, 制造成本低廉, 是一种有希望的新型太阳能电池。QDSCs利用量子点具有光谱吸收强、尺寸可调和多激子效应等优点, 能够提高其光电转换效率; 同时, 利用无机量子点替代染料作为敏化剂, 能够解决染料敏化太阳能电池(DSCs)的稳定性问题。但是, QDSCs光电转换效率较低是制约其应用的主要问题。近年来, 通过改变和调控对电极的材料和电子特性提高QDSCs的光电效率的方法受到了广泛关注。本文综述了QDSCs对电极材料的制备方法、微观形貌和晶体结构; 重点分析了金属化合物、复合材料、杂化材料、多元金属硫族化合物、导电聚合物和碳材料对电极对量子点敏化太阳能电池的电荷转移阻抗、光电性能等参数的影响; 并分析影响其电催化活性和电子传输性能的主要因素。最后, 提出通过表面修饰、复合和杂化等方法构筑新型对电极材料, 进而改善和提高QDSCs转换效率和稳定性, 是今后的研究重点和研究方向。     

Transparente Barriereschichten auf flexiblen Polymersubstraten

Transparent permeation barrier layers on flexible polymer substrates This paper reviews different vacuum based technologies for manufacturing transparent permeation barrier layers and layer stacks on flexible polymer substrates. With plasma assisted reactive evaporation, a cost‐efficient, highly productive process for food packaging applications is presented. Reactive dual magnetron sputtering is a technology for the deposition of oxide layers with a very low water vapor and oxygen transmission rate at a reasonable deposition rate. Many groups suggest multilayer stacks for the encapsulation of flexible electronic devices. In this paper, an all‐in‐vacuum inline concept for manufacturing such multilayers is presented. It is based on the combination of reactively sputtered barrier layers with interlayers grown by using a magnetron based PECVD process (Magnetron‐PECVD). Both, process parameters, such as deposition rate and process pressure, and important layer properties, such as morphology and the water vapor and oxygen transmission rate are compared for the different single and multi layer technologies.     

Capillary electrophoresis--matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a vacuum deposition interface

An improved vacuum deposition interface for coupling capillary electrophoresis with MALDI-TOF MS has been developed. Liquid samples consisting of analyte and matrix were deposited on a moving tape in the evacuated source chamber of a TOF mass spectrometer, enabling 24 h of uninterrupted analysis. The vacuum deposition procedure was compared with the dried-droplet method, and it was found that vacuum deposition generated significantly more reproducible signal intensity, eliminating the need for "sweet spot" searching. A concentration detection limit in the low-nanomolar range has been achieved with a low-attomole amount of sample consumed per spectrum. In addition, ion suppression caused by hydrophobicity differences in the analytes was reduced. To minimize ion suppression further, separation prior to MALDI MS analysis was employed. The performance of capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MALDI-TOF MS using the vacuum deposition interface was evaluated with a peptide mixture injected at low-femtomole levels. All peptides were baseline resolved with separation efficiencies in the range of 250000-400000 plates/m (2-3-s band half-width), demonstrating the high separation efficiency of the CE-MALDI MS coupling. A fast (approximately 40 s) CE separation of a mixture of angiotensins was found to reduce significantly ion suppression and enable trace level detection. It was also shown, for the analysis of an enolase digest, that sequence coverage of 65% was obtained using CE separation compared to 52% using step-elution solid-phase extraction and 44% in the control experiment using an unseparated mixture.     

Solar control coating on glass

One of the various solar control glasses, a silver-based multilayer film formed by sputtering is becoming increasingly important because of its excellent and versatile performance. Recently major progress has been made in the sputtering process by several manufacturers, which has enabled both a stable and high rate of deposition. Efforts to improve the durability of sputter coating have been maintained seeking a flexible production process and expanded applications.     

柔性高阻隔薄膜材料的研究现状

目的为柔性高阻隔薄膜的应用提供理论指导。方法综述柔性高阻隔膜的应用现状及存在问题,总结热蒸发、化学气相沉积、原子层沉积等制备柔性高阻隔薄膜的方法、原理、特点及应用,展望高阻隔膜包装材料的发展前景。结果高阻隔薄膜制备工艺趋向于单次制备,采用等离子体辅助原子层沉积技术是制备超高阻隔薄膜的首选,原子层沉积(ALD)和分子层沉积(MLD)结合也是获得超高阻隔薄膜的未来发展方向。结论快速、高效地制备柔性高阻隔薄膜是包装工业的发展趋势。     

染料敏化太阳能电池中纯铂对电极的研究进展

作为染料敏化太阳能电池的重要组成部分,对电极的催化性能和价格直接关系到电池的光电转换效率和成本。作为对电极的催化材料,导电聚合物、碳材料和无机化合物等材料虽成本低廉,但其催化性能仍不及金属铂。因此,重点综述了近年来染料敏化太阳能电池纯铂对电极的研究状况,并指出了纯铂对电极中有待解决的问题及今后的发展方向,同时还介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的工作原理和对电极的作用。