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分析了热电厂的各种水的品质,根据不同情况回收利用:反渗透浓水用作除铁过滤器反洗用水,超滤浓排和超滤反洗水回收至循环水系统,汽轮机凝结水和蒸汽疏水回收到除盐水箱.实施后,每年可减少新水消耗418 300 m3,降低了水资源消耗,减少了废水外排. 相似文献
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采用淬火法对质量分数为0.002%的氧化石墨烯水悬浮液的瞬态沸腾特性进行了表征。通过对三种代表性工况的对比分析研究了氧化石墨烯在沸腾表面的沉积对淬火沸腾过程的影响。由于氧化石墨烯在过渡沸腾阶段的沉积,水悬浮液的淬火过程较之去离子水缩短了约10 s,临界热通量则提升了约10%,对应的表面接触角从104°减小到78°。将已沉积表面再次在去离子水中淬火后,表面接触角回升到89°,临界热通量则有所回落。结果表明,氧化石墨烯的表面沉积虽然是强化临界热通量的决定性因素,但淬火过程的速率和过渡沸腾阶段的传热速率还受到氧化石墨烯的动态沉积过程和水悬浮液中悬浮氧化石墨烯的共同影响。 相似文献
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核电站熔融物堆内滞留技术是一项关键的严重事故应对策略,该策略已被核电站广泛采用。为增强核电站压力容器下封头外表面的沸腾换热能力,实验研究了常压下朝下沟槽结构表面的池沸腾换热,测量了倾角5°、30°、45°、60°和90°下热通量随壁面过热度的变化,获得了相应倾角下的临界热通量(CHF)。与光表面相比,朝下沟槽结构表面的CHF可提高65%~90%。实验观察发现,在高热通量下朝下沟槽结构表面气泡运动形态存在蒸汽膜和波浪蒸汽层两种结构。分析表明,沸腾换热显著增强、临界热通量大幅提高的原因是沟槽结构大幅增加了换热面积同时还明显改善了表面的润湿性。 相似文献
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搭建了平板热管测试实验台,对不同充液率下热管性能进行了实验研究,并以最佳充液率的热管为研究对象,分析了加热功率、冷却水温及冷却水流速对热管性能的影响。实验结果表明:充液率为20%和30%时热管在各加热功率下展现了良好的性能,最小热阻为0.18℃/W和0.19℃/W,热导率为8158W/(m·℃)和8540W/(m·℃)。由于沸腾换热滞后性,相较于功率增加,功率减少时热管性能更优,同等加热功率条件下蒸发段温度更低。功率增加和功率减少对热管蒸发段热阻影响较大,而冷凝段热阻几乎不受影响。当冷却水温为17℃和22℃时,热管蒸发段温度比冷却水温为7℃和12℃时蒸发段温度低2℃左右。相较于冷却水温22℃时,冷却水温为17℃时热管蒸发段温度能更快达到稳定值。冷却水流速影响蒸发段温度及达到稳定运行的时间,实验表明热管工作的最佳冷却水流速为5.81g/s。 相似文献
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This paper presents an experimental investigation on nucleate pool boiling of saturated methanol on uncoated as well as copper‐coated mild steel heating tubes of various thicknesses at atmospheric and subatmospheric pressures. It also includes the effect of heat flux, pressure and coating thickness on the boiling heat transfer coefficient of coated tube surfaces. Heat flux was progressively increased from 15,670.20 to 43,151.57 W/m2 in six steps and pressure from 23.02 to 98.68 kN/m2 in five steps. Boiling characteristics on such surfaces are compared with those on uncoated ones. Also, a criterion for enhanced boiling of methanol on copper‐coated tubes is described. 相似文献
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This work presents a new pilot plant continuous microwave dry‐media reactor (CMDR) for industrial chemical applications. The CMDR consists of a 6 kW conveyor microwave oven with a subsequent hot air holding section. This microwave reactor has been designed for dry media or solvent‐free reactions and can treat through‐put in the range of 10–100 kg/h. The microwave heating behavior on the small scale is analyzed and the results are used to estimate the electromagnetic field requirements on the large scale. The temperature and the electric field distribution in the reactor are modeled and experimentally validated. In the second part of this study, a “waxy” esterification reaction was investigated with the CMDR. The reaction time needed for 95% yield was reduced by a factor of 20–30 compared to conventional industrial reactors. This was due to the more homogeneous heat transfer of microwaves, which allows a higher bulk temperature to be reached. 相似文献
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Turbulators are applied to increase the thermal efficiency of heat transfer units. The additional pressure drop can be challenging for the self-circulation of thermosiphon reboilers. Thus, the effects of hiTRAN®-wire matrix inserts for the boiling of water and a water/glycerol mixture were investigated herein, using the performance of a thermosiphon reboiler with plain tubes as a reference. The reboiler was operated at sub-atmospheric pressures, small driving temperature differences, and under flooded conditions. Favorable and unfavorable operating conditions for using inserts were specified. Especially for the water/glycerol mixture, significant improvements of self-circulation and heat transfer up to six times compared to the plain tube reference were observed, allowing an operation of thermosiphon reboilers at smaller driving temperature differences under sub-atmospheric pressures. 相似文献
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使用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立了耦合电磁场、流体流动、传热以及物质传输的多物理场模型用于模拟蒸馏型反应器的微波能量利用过程,探究了蒸馏反应器中水负载在微波能辐射作用下从升温至沸腾过程,阐明了在升温阶段,样品温度呈上下层分布,上层温度较高,最大温差达20 K,自然对流的产生改善了温度分布的不均匀性;在沸腾阶段,由于下层温度较低,沸腾现象有延迟,气泡的产生消除了部分过热,其中表面蒸发量更大,最大时约为内部蒸发量的3倍,与此同时湍流现象明显改善了温度均匀性。探究了馈入功率对全沸腾状态的影响,揭示了全沸腾状态的最终温度取决于馈入功率和蒸发损耗功率的相对大小。研究结果可为微波辅助分离、反应等化工过程及装备设计提供理论基础与借鉴。 相似文献
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为了从纳米尺度了解表面结构和润湿性对池沸腾液体与固体壁面的传热性能,本文采用分子动力学方法研究了超亲水至超疏水不同润湿性的液体氩在光滑表面和含凹、凸半球纳米结构表面的沸腾传热过程,分析了三种表面上液氩在受热过程的形态、温度、热流密度等相关参数的变化情况。结果表明,液氩层沸腾过程大致可分为液氩层吸附于固体表面和液氩层从壁面脱离两个加热阶段,当液氩层吸附于固体表面时,温度升高、热流密度及气态氩原子产生速度均大于液氩层脱离壁面时的情况,在这两个阶段亲水表面上氩原子温度变化有明显的拐点,而疏水表面在两个阶段加热过程相差不大。亲水表面上的微结构能吸附更多液氩原子,促进了气泡产生及加速温度、热流密度的变化,而在疏水及超疏水微结构表面,微纳结构与液氩间的气膜层促进了气泡产生,计算结果为池沸腾传热及微结构选择提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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An experimental study was performed for the boiling heat transfer enhancement of water/salt mixtures on both plane and roll‐worked enhanced tubes in compact staggered tube‐bundle evaporators under atmospheric and increased pressure conditions. The effects of tube spacing, position of tubes, test pressure and salt‐water concentration on the boiling heat transfer characteristics in restricted spaces of compact tube bundles consisting of plane and roll‐worked tubes were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the single roll‐worked tubes in a bulk liquid have a greater boiling heat transfer promotion than the single plane tubes. For the plane tubes in compact tube bundles, the effect of tube spacing on the boiling heat transfer is very significant. The boiling heat transfer has a maximum enhancement when the optimum tube spacing is selected. For the roll‐worked tubes in compact bundles, the effect of tube spacing on the boiling heat transfer is also significant as the tube spacing is small. The boiling heat transfer still has a maximum value and a compound enhancement effect of the boiling heat transfer from both the optimum tube spacing and the surface treatment is observed for the enhanced tube bundles. 相似文献
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对2根双侧高效强化管(管I,管II)在饱和温度为9.6℃和5.8℃工况下进行了水平管外R22池沸腾换热实验研究,采用Wilson热阻分离法得到制冷剂侧沸腾换热表面传热系数,并对实验结果进行了热阻分析。实验结果表明:在同样条件下,2根强化管的管内对流换热表面传热系数是光管的2.2—2.8倍。在饱和温度为9.6℃时,管II的管外沸腾换热表面传热系数达到(2.2—3.4)×104W/(m2.K),高出光管一个量级。随后进行的热阻分析工作,有利于强化换热管的进一步开发。热阻分析表明:在实验范围内,管内外两侧的热阻基本相当,随着管内水流速的增加,管内水侧热阻所占比例降低,管外制冷剂侧热阻所占比例增大。对于沸腾高效强化管的开发,两侧的强化都是应该关注的。 相似文献