超声波辅助制备单分散金属包覆聚苯乙烯导电微球

为了制备单分散聚合物基导电微球,以交联聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为基体,通过超声波辅助的化学镀方法制备了单分散Ni/PS导电微球,接着采用置换法在导电微球表面包覆一层导电性更好的Au层。采用FI-IR,SEM,EDS,XRD等测试方法分别对PS微球及导电微球的官能团变化、形貌、元素组成及晶型结构进行表征,结果表明:超声的引入可以改善导电微球的分散性;导电微球形貌规则,镀层连续均一且有纳米级"丘状"突起。经过金层包覆后导电微球的体电阻率可达到6.9×10-3Ω.cm,可以满足ACF中导电微球的使用要求。     

聚苯乙烯/铝粉超细复合粒子制备研究

以苯乙烯(St)为原料,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,采用乳液聚合法在球形金属铝粉表面聚合并包覆聚苯乙烯(PS),制备出包覆式PS/4铝粉复合粒子.通过改变铝粉的加入量及选择不同特性的表面活性剂,确定了制备包覆完全均匀致密复合粒子的合理条件.应用扫瞄电镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱及粒度测试等分析方法对复合粒子进行表征.     

纳米银粒子/磺化聚苯乙烯复合微球的制备及其性能研究

以磺化聚苯乙烯微球(SPS)为载体,通过在其表面负载纳米银粒子的方法,合成了纳米银粒子/磺化聚苯乙烯(Ag/SPS)复合微球,并采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、XRD光谱、热重等方法进行表征,结果表明,在反应温度为70℃、反应时间8 h时,用化学还原法制备了Ag/SPS复合微球,单分散性较好,纳米银粒子包覆均匀。通过催化还原亚甲基蓝的实验发现,在一定范围内,催化反应速率随着复合微球纳米粒子的含量增加而升高;重复利用实验结果证明该复合微球有较高的重复利用性。     

Fe3O4 包覆聚苯乙烯磁性微球的制备及性能

为研究一种应用于磁稳定流化床反应器的新型高分子磁性微球的制备方法及性能,采用悬浮聚合法制备了Fe_3O_4纳米粒子包覆聚苯乙烯磁性微球,研究了搅拌速率、加入磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的时间等因素对复合微球粒径及性能的影响,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、热重(TGA)等测试手段,表征了磁性聚苯乙烯微球的形貌特征、结构、粒径、磁学性能及Fe_3O_4的包覆量.实验结果表明:在搅拌转速为600 r/min,80℃保温10 min加入修饰Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,制备所得的磁性聚苯乙烯微球为粒径分布均匀的球状微粒;Fe_3O_4的包覆量达到5%,最高饱和磁化强度为3.73 emu/g,具有较好的超顺磁性,可应用于磁稳定流化床反应器.     

无皂乳液聚合法制备PS/TiO2核-壳复合微球

采用无皂乳液聚合法制备聚苯乙烯(PS)微球,将所制备的PS微球经磺化吸水后,利用钛酸丁酯作前驱体在乙醇中反应,使TiO2包覆在磺化苯乙烯微球表面,得到有机-无机PS/TiO2复合微球。在所得的杂化微球表面接枝上可聚官能团,利用无皂乳液聚合将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合到微球表面,得到核-壳-壳杂化微球。用FT-IR、SEM和TGA等方法对所制得的复合微球进行表征。结果表明PS、PS/TiO2及PS/TiO2/PMMA微球表面光滑,球形度好,单分散性良好;通过改变TBOT的加入量可以控制TiO2对PS微球的包覆厚度。     

Ni/PS核壳结构纳米复合微球的制备及磁性能

采用乳液聚合法制备了纳米级聚苯乙烯微球,利用化学沉积法在微球表面镀镍,制备出了具有磁性的金属/高分子(Ni/PS)纳米复合微球。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和能量色散谱仪(EDS)分别对镀镍前后纳米微球的形貌结构、相组成、化学成分进行表征分析,用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试了不同制备工艺条件下复合微球的磁学性能。结果表明,活化工艺、还原剂浓度、镀液pH值和温度对镀后复合微球的磁性能有显著影响。根据磁性能结果,优化工艺参数,制备了具有规则球形、单分散性好、粒径约为100nm、镀层完整、均匀的磁性Ni/PS核壳结构纳米复合微球,并获得最大的饱和磁化强度Ms=8.8764emu/g。     

各向异性导电胶膜用单分散聚苯乙烯微球的合成

用分散聚合法制备了用于各向异性导电胶膜导电粒子核心的聚苯乙烯微球.研究了加料方式、PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)用量以及反应介质对微球粒径及分散性的影响,随着PVP用量的增加、醇/水比的降低,微球粒径减小、分布变窄,且一次性加料法所得微球粒径均匀.制备的聚苯乙烯微球粒径为3.0μm.     

Ag-Cu包覆橡胶弹性体微球的制备及其电性能研究

采用化学镀方法分别制备了Cu和Ag-Cu包覆丙烯酸酯橡胶弹性体(ACM)微球,通过能谱显微镜、X射线衍射仪及液体浸透法观察和分析了这两种微球的表面镀层形貌、元素含量和密度,使用自制柱塞式微粒子电阻率测试仪测定了不同压强、不同通电时间和不同温度下导电微球的体积电阻率,并与刚性的炭黑和金属微粒子的体积电阻率进行了对比,阐述了它们的阻-温、阻-时、阻-压特性,表明本研究中所制备的Ag-Cu包覆ACM微球的导电性接近镀银铜粉.     

聚苯乙烯/银核壳结构纳米微球的制备与表征

采用两步法的简单路线制备出银纳米粒子包覆的聚苯乙烯(PS)微球,首先通过乳液聚合法合成出聚苯乙烯微球;然后对苯乙烯进行敏化和活化,搅拌下加入银的还原液,从而制备出Ag-PS核壳结构的纳米微球.同时借助于TEM、UV-vis、 FE-SEM进行表征,分析其微观结构.结果表明,所得的聚苯乙烯微球粒径约为40nm;聚苯乙烯/银核壳结构纳米微球粒径为45～350nm,银层厚度可随意调控.     

模板法制备聚苯胺空心微球材料及其电化学性能

运用模板法,以聚苯乙烯(PS)胶体粒子为微球核,使苯胺单体吸附于PS胶体粒子表面,然后利用原位的化学氧化聚合,制备出聚苯乙烯/聚苯胺(PS/PANI)核壳材料.然后再将PS微球核溶解,最终得到PANl空心微球材料.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜对所得材料进行成分和形貌的分析.利用循环伏安法、恒流充放电测试法和循...     

分散聚合法制备二氧化硅/ 聚苯乙烯单分散复合微球

在醇/ 水混合介质中用分散聚合方法制备二氧化硅/ 聚苯乙烯单分散复合微球。探讨了分散聚合法制备无机/ 有机复合微球的过程, 考察了分散聚合反应的动力学过程。SEM 和TEM 观察结果表明: 在醇/ 水混合介质中, 用PVP K-30 作为稳定剂, 用分散聚合法制备了单分散的以二氧化硅为核、聚苯乙烯为壳的复合微球,成功实现了聚苯乙烯对二氧化硅的包覆, 复合微球的平均粒径为1.25μm , 分散系数ε为0.035 , 达到了单分散水平。还考察了稳定剂的浓度对复合微球粒径的影响, 当稳定剂PVP K-30 浓度增加时, 发现微球的粒径有所减小, 而微球的单分散性提高。      

超声波辅助乳液聚合制备绢云母/PS复合粒子

首先将绢云母用偶联剂KH570进行包覆处理,然后利用超声波的辅助乳化作用,乳液聚合法制备了绢云母/聚苯乙烯(PS)复合粒子。采用正交实验法研究KH570包覆绢云母的优选工艺条件,并对复合粒子的微观结构进行了表征。结果表明,在超声时间为0.5 h,m(绢云母)∶m(KH570)为100∶10,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为4 h的条件下,KH570对绢云母的包覆率较高;红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重分析(TG)结果表明,聚苯乙烯与绢云母间形成化学键合;扫描电镜(SEM)照片显示,聚苯乙烯在绢云母表面形成粒径约为200 nm的微粒。     

聚苯胺导电复合膜电化学制备及其性能

采用电化学氧化聚合法,以硫酸和高氯酸为掺杂剂,制备出聚苯胺（PANI）/聚乙烯醇（PVA）导电复合膜,在此复合膜上再沉积一层很薄的银层,制备出具有高导电性的复合膜。研究了苯胺聚合时间、银沉积电流密度及银沉积时间和拉伸处理对复合膜电导率的影响。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射对复合膜进行表征,并对复合膜导电机理进行解析。结果表明制备的PVA-PANI复合膜电导率可达4.2S.cm-1,再经沉积薄层银后,其电导可显著提高至1136 S.cm-1。最优条件下制备的PVA-PANI复合膜为纤维状,银在此复合膜上沉积呈针状;PVA-PANI复合膜具有一定的结晶度,经拉伸后,其结晶度增大,复合膜电导得到提高,PVA-PANI复合膜具有良好力学性能。复合膜导电的基本原理是PANI与PVA互穿网络,并与银形成了三维导电网络。     

Preparation of polystyrene-encapsulated silver hollow spheres via self-assembly of latex particles at the emulsion droplet interface

In the present work, we have developed a novel route to wrap inorganic nanoparticles in polymer hollow spheres, which includes self-assembly polystyrene (PS) latex particles at the aqueous/oil interface, sintering and γ-ray radiation reduction. The Ag/PS composite microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The advantage of this method is that the PS shell thickness, permeability, the size of composite spheres, and the quantity of the encapsulated Ag nanoparticles can be easily adjusted, which gives the product a brilliant prospect in the field of catalysis.     

Lowering the percolation threshold of polymer matrix composite by using raspberry-like carbon black/polystyrene composite particles

Our previous studies of raspberry-like carbon black/polystyrene (CB/PS) composite particles suggested that their morphologies could be tailored as the coverage degree of CB on PS microspheres. Morphologies of these composite particles were investigated by scanning electron microscope. The CB/PS composites prepared by using raspberry-like CB/PS particles had lower percolation threshold than that of general CB/PS composites. Optical microscopy photographs indicated that hierarchical structure of composite particles enabled CB particles to form more effective networks within the matrix. Raspberry-like structure dispersed CB particles in the interfaces between polycarbonate (PC) and PS when CB/PS particles were introduced into PC as additives. The effects of concentration of PS, coverage degree of CB, and concentration of CB on electrical properties of CB/PS/PC composite were investigated. The results showed that the percolation threshold of CB/PS/PC composite was improved when PS concentration was at the range of 20–80% and coverage degree of CB was more than 5% simultaneously.     

Ag/InP复合材料的制备、表征及其性能

通过溶剂热法制得磷化铟微晶,然后以光化学还原法成功将Ag单质均匀地复合到磷化铟微晶表面,制备Ag/InP复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等对所得产物进行分析,结果表明:复合材料由尺寸为500nm左右的球状微晶组成,其中20nm左右的Ag纳米颗粒均匀附着在立方相InP微球表面上,表面较为粗糙。以刚果红为目标降解物,利用荧光和紫外光谱对所得产物进行光催化性能测试,结果发现,与单体InP微晶相比,Ag/InP复合材料形成后,其对刚果红的光催化降解活性提高,这可能是由于Ag纳米颗粒均匀附着后,有效分离InP的光生电子和空穴。此外,对不同银负载量的Ag/InP的光催化性能进行研究。研究表明:当负载量为73.3%时,所得产物的光催化性能最佳,降解率可达64%。     

核-壳式聚苯乙烯/二氧化硅复合微球及空腔硅球的制备

利用层层自组装的方法制备了粒径和组成可裁剪、具有核-壳式结构的单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)/二氧化硅(SiO₂)复合微球.对复合微球进行热处理除去有机物中心,制备出壁厚可剪裁的空腔硅球.透射电镜(TEM)照片显示二氧化硅纳米颗粒在中心外生成均匀壳层,而煅烧后则可得到轮廓分明的球形空腔;热重分析(TG)说明复合球体的硅含量随着所组装的纳米二氧化硅的粒径的增加而增加;比较PS、SiO₂、复合球体及热处理后的粉体的红外光谱,可分别验证二氧化硅的成功组装和热处理过程中作为中心的PS的完全去除.在吸附相同层的前提下,随着所选用的二氧化硅纳米粒子(10um,20um,40um)的粒径的增大,复合微球的粒径增大,空腔球体的壁厚增加.     

Synthesis of composite based on submicron sized silver particles hosted on microspheres of surface-functional porous crosslinked copolymer networks

This study presents a different colloidal silver (Ag)/polymer system where Ag submicron particles are anchored onto surface-functional porous microspheres of various commercial copolymers networks, namely Amberlite® GT73 (resin containing thiol group) and Amberlyst® 15WET from Rohm and Haas Co. and Lewatit® VPOC1800 from Bayer Co., both containing sulfonic acid group. The Ag/microsphere composites were prepared via in situ reduction of Ag salt (AgNO₃) by employing three different reductants, namely hydrazine, hydroxylamine and formaldehyde (under alkaline pH). The formation and morphology of the composite microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with backscattered electrons detector (BSE). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) coupled to SEM allowed the observation of submicron particles in the 50–500 nm size range, which chemical microanalysis of emitted X-rays revealed the presence of metal on the microspheres surface. The significance of the present report is that owing to the affinity between Ag and functional groups of the different copolymers studied on the large surface of the microspheres, it was possible to have an insight on the influence of the functional group in the Ag particles dispersion profile in the composite. Thus Ag particles were observed to be incorporated evenly into the deep pores of the beads with fine size and narrow size distribution in GT73 resin, while non-uniform coarse precipitation was observed in VPOC1800 and 15WET resins. It appears that the morphological features could be strongly influenced by the chemical composition.     

Facile method to synthesise polystyrene/silver composite nanoparticles with core–shell structures

We report a facile method for the fabrication of polystyrene/silver composite nanoparticles with core–shell nanostructures. First, polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles with carboxyl acid groups on their surfaces were prepared via the dispersion polymerisation of styrene in water with the assistance of acrylic acid. Second, with the addition of [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ to the PS dispersion, [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ was absorbed onto the surfaces of the modified PS nanoparticles. Finally, the [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ complex ions were reduced to Ag to form the PS/Ag nanocomposites upon heating. The resulting PS/Ag composite nanoparticles were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering.     

室温酯化催化剂DPTS的制备及在聚合物接枝改性SiO2中的应用

通过对甲苯磺酸与4-二甲氨基吡啶进行反应,合成了一种室温酯化催化剂二甲氨基吡啶对甲苯磺酸盐(DPTS)。然后,用DPTS作为催化剂,室温下在SiO2微球表面上接枝端羧基聚苯乙烯(PS-COOH),从而制得SiO2/PS复合微球。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TGA)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段对DPTS和SiO2/PS进行了表征。研究结果表明,DPTS具有晶态结构,其晶粒尺寸为23.8 nm,熔点为168.5℃。这种催化剂具有较高的催化效率,能够显著提高酯化反应效率,在室温下可以在SiO2表面接枝上32.2%的聚苯乙烯(PS),使得微球粒径从230 nm增加到260 nm。