A new method for predicting viscosity of pure organic liquids

A new semi-theoretical method based on Enskog's hard sphere theory for dense fluids and the principle of corresponding states is presented for predicting viscosity of pure organic liquids. The viscosities of 75 organic liquids—37 acyclic and 38 cyclic hydrocarbons—were calculated using this method which requires critical properties and normal boiling point as input data. The predictions were compared with empirical data and other prediction methods. Highly satisfactory results were obtained over a wide range of temperatures (0.45 < T_r< 0.80).     

有机物混合液导热系数的预测

文章根据液体物质的导热系数与密度的关系,导出了估算有机物混合液导热系数的计算模型。利用该模型计算了53个体系369个数据点的二元有机物混合液导热系数,计算值与实验值的总平均相对偏差为1.434%,计算值与实验数据吻合较好,计算准确性优于文献方法;文章方法简单方便,只需要混合液各组分的临界温度、临界体积和导热系数数据,就可以直接预测各种温度和组成的有机物混合液的导热系数。     

Prediction of the thermal conductivity of liquids and liquid mixtures including crude oil fractions

A new method based on the Effective Carbon Number is presented for the prediction of the thermal conductivity of liquids and liquid mixtures. The Effective Carbon Number for each substance of interest can be calculated from its thermal conductivity at a reduced temperature of 0.6. The thermal conductivities of isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, aro-matics, alkanes, carboxylic acids, ketones, esters and aldehydes over a range of temperatures were predicted using this method and the results were compared with experimental values. The thermal conductivities of defined mixtures were also predicted using a quadratic mixing rule for the Effective Carbon Number. Lastly, the thermal conductivities of undefined mixtures such as crude oil fractions were calculated by treating each fraction as a single pseudocompo-nent. In all cases studied, calculated results compared favorably with experimental values.     

精确计算不同温度下液体导热系数的新方法

根据液体微观结构的特点和热传导机理，发展了一种计算液体导热系数的新方法。对２７３种物质６２７１个数据点的计算结果表明，该方法在很宽的温度范围（熔点到沸点以上温度）内具有很高的准确度，平均误差仅０．２９２％，计算精度优于文献方法。     

Predicting thermal conductivity of binary liquid mixtures on basis of coordination number

By applying a model of a randomly mixed packing of spheres of two sizes to binary liquid mixtures, the thermal conductivity of the mixture is related to the physical properties of each component through the number of contact points. Further, two parameters are introduced to account for the effect of the hydrogen bond and are correlated with the Lennard-Jones (6-12) parameters σ and ?, or the boiling temperature. In comparing the calculated values with the experimental data for 13 aqueous liquids and 21 non-aqueous liquid systems, the present equation turns out to be more accurate than previous ones.     

一种计算泡沫金属等效热导率的新模型

提出一种针对泡沫金属等效热导率预测的新模型,该模型基于泡沫金属Kelvin十四面体元胞结构建模,以凹面三棱柱近似金属韧带,并考虑韧带交汇处的结点特点,通过热阻分析得到计算等效热导率的表达式。研究表明：该模型对充填不同介质的不同材质泡沫金属等效热导率均有较高的预测精度（平均偏差均小于10%）,与文献其他半经验模型相比能更好兼顾预测精确性和通用性。     

A generalized corresponding states method for the prediction of the thermal conductivity of liquids and liquid mixtures

We have recently developed an extension of the three parameter corresponding states principle based on the properties of two non-spherical reference fluids for the viscosity of liquids and liquid mixtures. We extend the method here to the thermal conductivity. We have tested the method for a large number of binary liquid mixtures using the two pure components in each case as our reference fluids. Good agreement between predicted and experimental thermal conductivities was obtained using only the data for the pure components. This agreement becomes excellent if a single binary interaction consta independent of temperature and composition, is used in the mixture calculations. If the pure component reference properties are not available, then the may he obtained from the properties of two similar fluids.     

聚合物基导热复合材料的研究进展

阐述了聚合物基导热复合材料的导热机制。综述了国内外导热胶粘剂、导热橡胶和导热塑料等研究进展。介绍了提高复合材料导热性能的途径,并在此基础上,展望了聚合物基导热复合材料的应用前景和未来的发展方向。     

Determining the thermal conductivity of ceramic coatings by relative method

Thermal conductivity is a crucial parameter for evaluating the quality and thermal effects of ceramic coatings, especially for thermal barrier coatings. However, measurement by conventional method involves two problems: (a) it is difficult to peel off a ceramic coating from a substrate; (b) even if the coating can be peeled off, it is still hardly used as standard specimen in test. Therefore, the relative method was proposed to evaluate the thermal conductivity of ceramic coating. An analytical relationship among the thermal conductivities of the coating, the substrate, and the coating/substrate composite was established. Experiments on TA4 coated with YSZ coatings were carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of this novel method and to investigate the impact of temperature on the thermal conductivity of YSZ coatings. The experimental results demonstrated the validity and convenience of the relative method. With the increasing testing temperature, the thermal conductivity value of YSZ coatings displayed nonlinearity feature, that is, decreased from 1.4 to 1.3 (W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) in the temperature range of 32-300°C and then increased up to 1.58 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at 1000°C.     

A new model for estimation of the thermal conductivity of polymer/clay nanocomposites

High density polyethylene– and polypropylene–clay nanocomposites are synthesized by melt blending, in which polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol are used as compatibilizers to increase the space of galleries. The morphology properties of nanocomposites are explored by X‐ray diffraction and transition electron microscopy. The thermal conductivity coefficient (K) of nanocomposites is also measured along with the thermal stability. A conventional model based on developed Maxwell‐Garnett formula is also established to predict the thermal conductivity of polymer/clay nanocomposites with clay loading. Morphology results indicate that two intercalated and exfoliated structures are formed. The established model satisfactorily predicts the K values of nanocomposites for low range of clay content. Thermogravimetric analysis shows remarkable thermal stability of nanocomposites with 10 wt % of clay content. The deviation of our model from experimental result for 10 wt % of clay can be attributed to the intercalated structure of layered silicates into the matrices. Although the K values do not considerably increase in 5 wt % with respect to the increase occurs for 10 wt % of clay, but it increases about 28 and 37% at 50°C for high density polyethylene– and polypropylene–clay nanocomposites, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

加压下液体物质导热系数的关联和预测

在采用查表法估算加压下液体导热系数的Missenard法的基础上,利用液体物质导热系数的文献数据,导出了估算加压下液体导热系数的计算模型.利用该模型计算了加压下18种液体物质313个数据点的导热系数数据,计算值与实验值的总平均相对偏差为3.08％,计算值与实验数据吻合很好,计算准确性优于文献方法;文中方法简单方便,只需...     

Relation between thermal conductivity and network formation with polymerizable liquid crystals

The molecules with the mono‐ and bi‐function at the sides in the acrylic PLC mixtures were aligned by the rubbing method. The alignment was immobilized by the photo polymerization to result the homogeneous acrylic films, which have good alignment with the higher order parameters. The thermal conductivity along the molecular long axis direction showed the larger magnitude of 0.62 W/m · K, which is independent on ratio of the main chain and the side chain fractions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3169–3174, 2007     

A new theoretical equation for thermal conductivity of two‐phase systems

A new theoretical equation that describes the thermal conductivity of two‐phase composite materials has been proposed. The Cheng‐Vachon equation has been modified by introducing a new parameter named P_{d max}, permitting the new equation to describe the thermal conductivity of composite materials for a wide variety of filler shapes and states of dispersion. The new equation can describe the thermal conductivity of two‐phase materials more accurately than any of the previous equations. Furthermore, this new equation will make it possible to evaluate the dispersion state of the discontinuous phase by measuring the thermal conductivity of the filled polymers or the polymer blends. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1689–1697, 1999     

独立探头3ω法表征甲烷水合物热导率和热扩散率

甲烷水合物热物性参数的测量一般是基于时域信号测量,测量方法没有考虑探测器与试样之间的接触热阻。基于频域信号测量原理,研发的3ω独立探头大大拓展了该方法的应用范围。建立了低温高压甲烷水合物合成测量系统。利用独立探头3ω法实时测量甲烷水合物热导率、热扩散率、探头和甲烷水合物之间的接触热阻。分析了甲烷水合物热导率、热扩散率随温度的变化规律;比较了测量值与国内外学者测量数据的不同;发现接触热阻对甲烷水合物热导率有显著影响。     

轮胎橡胶材料导热系数的测定及分析

采用稳态法测量 2 0 5 /75R15轮胎各部位橡胶材料的导热系数。试验结果表明 ,轮胎不同部位橡胶材料的导热系数随温度变化而改变 ,在本试验所研究的 2 0～ 80℃温度范围内 ,二者呈线性关系。另外 ,在相同温度下不同橡胶材料的导热系数不同。     

Enhanced thermal conductivity of semi‐aliphatic liquid crystalline polybenzoxazoles using magnetic orientation

Polybenzoxazole (PBO) model compounds consisting of benzoxazole mesogenic units linked with long alkyl chains via ether or ester groups were prepared from flexible dicarboxylic acids with two kinds of bis(o‐aminophenol)s, i.e. 4,4′‐diamino‐3,3′‐dihydroxybiphenyl (p‐HAB) and 3,3′‐diamino‐4,4′‐dihydroxybiphenyl (m‐HAB). The results revealed that the use of p‐HAB completely erased the thermotropic liquid crystallinity and that the m‐HAB‐based ether‐linked model compound was much more advantageous for the formation of a stable liquid crystal phase than the corresponding ester‐linked one. However, the relevant high‐molecular‐weight PBOs showed quite opposite results. Only the m‐HAB‐based ester‐linked C₁₀ PBO system showed a liquid crystal‐like texture among various semi‐aliphatic PBO systems examined. A very high thermal conductivity of 1.79 W m^?1 K^?1 along the thickness direction for the m‐HAB‐based ester‐linked C₁₀ PBO film was achieved by heat treatment in the liquid crystalline state under a strong magnetic field of 10 T. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

半微量开氏法和红外热导法测试煤中氮的比较

为了提高煤中氮含量的测试效率,采用GB/T 19227—2008《煤中氮的测定方法》中的半微量开氏法和红外热导法测定煤中的氮,并对测试结果进行了分析对比。结果表明:2种测试方法测试结果准确,精密度不存在显著性差异,均能满足测试要求,但红外热导法测定煤中氮操作简便,自动化程度高,安全性好。     

Tuning stoichiometry of high-entropy oxides for tailorable thermal expansion coefficients and low thermal conductivity

Thermal barrier coating materials with proper thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), low thermal conductivity, and good high-temperature stability are of great significance for their applications in next-generation turbine engines. Herein, we report a new class of high-entropy (La_0.2Sm_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Y_0.2)₂Ce_xO_3+2x with different Ce⁴⁺ contents synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. They exhibit different crystal structures at different Ce⁴⁺ content, including a bixbyite single phase without Ce⁴⁺ doping (x = 0), bixbyite-fluorite dual-phase in the RE₂O₃-rich region (0 < x < 2), and fluorite single phase in the stoichiometric (x = 2) and CeO₂-rich region (x > 2). The high-entropy (La_0.2Sm_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Y_0.2)₂Ce_xO_3+2x exhibit tailorable TECs at a large range of 9.04 × 10^–6–13.12 × 10^–6 °C^–1 and engineered low thermal conductivity of 1.79–2.63 W·m^–1·K^–1. They also possess good sintering resistance and high-temperature phase stability. These results reveal that the high-entropy (La_0.2Sm_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Y_0.2)₂Ce_xO_3+2x are promising candidates for thermal barrier coating materials as well as thermally insulating materials and refractories.     

液相链烷烃热导率与其结构定量关系

应用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6-31+G(d)水平上对含有5～24个碳原子的部分液相链烷烃进行结构优化和量化计算其分子中各个原子间空间拓扑距离,并构建拓扑距离矩阵。结合分子中各原子的支化度,应用原子的平衡电负性对分子图进行着色,得到新型结构拓扑指数PX_m(m=1,2,3)。采用多元线性回归技术建立液相链烷烃热导率λ与PX_m(m=1,2,3)的定量关系拓扑模型,并用该模型对热导率λ进行预测与估算,结果表明实验值与预测值、估算值均很吻合。同时,采用留一法（leave-one-out）和外检验方法测试模型的内部稳定性和外部预测能力。与文献结果比较,本文所用参数少,计算简便,为液相链烷烃导热的研究提供了一种新方法。     

高导热绝缘材料的研究进展

主要介绍了高导热绝缘材料的应用以及导热填料对高导热绝缘材料性能的影响因素。重点介绍了填料种类、尺寸、表面处理和加入量对于导热绝缘高聚物性能的影响,并分析了高导热绝缘材料的未来研究方向。