增韧PC/聚酯合金研究

对增韧聚碳酸酯(PC)/聚酯[聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)]合金进行了研究,结合合金的相形貌结果,分别选择PC和聚酯是连续相的合金进行了研究,同时对比了相同树脂比例下PC/PET和PC/PBT之间性能的差别。增韧剂选择甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)或MBS和接枝环氧基团的丙烯酸酯类增韧剂(X-GM A)复配物。结果表明,使用相同的增韧剂,PC是连续相的情况下,冲击强度更高,相同树脂比例情况下,PC/PET合金冲击强度比PC/PBT的差,拉伸和弯曲强度相差不大,PC/PET合金的熔体稳定性能比PC/PBT的差,PC是连续相合金的熔体稳定性比聚酯是连续相的要好,含有X-GMA的合金熔体稳定性能更好,这些结果和酯基的热分解、PET分子链运动活性比PBT的差以及酯交换程度的差异等有直接的关联。     

PET／CGP共混纤维的制备与性能

采用易染聚酯(CGP)切片与PET切片按一定比例共混,造粒,纺丝得到150 dtex／36 f PET／CGP共混纤维,分析了共混纤维的染色性能和力学性能。结果表明:在常压沸染条件下,PET／CGP共混纤维的染色性能较PET纤维显著提高。随着CGP含量的增加,纤维上染率明显增加,但纤维的力学性能略有下降。当纤维中CGP质量分数为50％时,PET／CGP共混纤维的分散蓝2BLN上染率达92．73％,分散黄SE-4GL上染率达70．41％。     

Speculation on interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of blends of PET and thermotropic polyester with flexible spacer groups

A thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester (LCP) with a long flexible spacer group in the main chain was prepared by melt polymerization and mixed with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed that the crystallization of PET was accelerated by the addition of LCP in the matrix. Interfacial adhesion between PET and LCP was much improved by introduction of a long flexible spacer in the main chain. Fibers of the blend with 30 wt percent of LCP had fine microfibrillar structure with a large aspect ratio formed in the matrix. Initial modulus and ultimate strength were highly elevated by the addition of LCP due to good interfacial adhesion and microfibrillar structure of LCP in the blend.     

端苯基超支化聚酯对PET结晶行为和构象的影响

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)研究了不同代数和含量的端苯基超支化聚酯(HBP)对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)结晶行为和构象的影响,计算了晶带与内标峰的吸光度比值以及左右式构象的相对含量.其中975 cm?1和1340 cm?1处的吸收峰归属于反式构象,1370 cm?1处归属于左右式构象,793 cm?1和873 cm?1处的吸收峰为内标峰.结果表明,6%的第三代超支化聚酯对PET的结晶促进能力最强.随着超支化聚酯含量或代数的增加,各吸光度比值基本上都呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,左右式构象的含量则表现出先减小后增大的趋势.端苯基超支化聚酯既可以充当成核剂,又可以充当结晶促进剂,因而可以促进PET结晶.     

聚酯/碳纳米管共混纤维的抗静电性能

通过采用碳纳米管(CNTs)与聚酯(PET)切片混合制成抗静电母粒,再将抗静电母粒与PET切片共混纺丝制得PET/CNTs共混纤维。用纤维比电阻仪、摩擦式织物静电测试仪测量不同CNTs含量的共混纤维及其织物的抗静电性能。研究结果表明:添加少量的CNTs能明显改善聚酯纤维和织物的抗静电性能,共混纤维的抗静电性能随着CNTs添加量的增加而提高。     

涤棉织物化学回收工艺研究

以废旧涤棉织物为原料,乙二醇(EG)为醇解剂,通过改变醇解时间、醇解温度、EG/废旧涤棉织物中聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)质量比(mEG/mPET)、催化剂种类及用量等研究了蓬松态下废旧涤棉织物的醇解工艺,以及醇解过程对涤棉织物中棉纤维性能的影响。结果表明:随着醇解时间、醇解温度的提高,mEG/mPET的增大,涤棉织物的醇解程度增大,各参数达到一定程度后醇解程度基本不变;最佳醇解工艺为涤棉织物中mEG/mPET为2/1,催化剂用量为涤棉织物中PET质量的0.30%,醇解温度196℃,醇解时间1 h;在乙酸锌、碳酸钠、乙酸钾、氯化镁4种催化剂中,碳酸钠综合催化效果最佳;经醇解过程后涤棉织物中棉纤维表面变得粗糙,力学性能有较大下降。     

水溶性聚酯/PET共混纤维研究

探讨了水溶性聚酯与ＰＥＴ共混物的可纺性，研究了其共混纤维的热水溶去率、吸湿性和电性能。研究表明，与纯ＰＥＴ相比，共混物的可纺性略有下降；共混纤维中的水溶性聚酯在热水中有一定程度的溶去；纤维的吸湿性提高，回潮率可达１．７８％；体积比电阻降低１～３个数量级，抗静电性能改善     

共混改性聚酯纤维的吸湿性能研究

利用设计开发的高亲水母粒与常规聚酯进行共混,对共混物的熔融与结晶行为进行了表征。合成的亲水性母粒与常规聚酯共混过程中具有良好的相容性,对不同添加量的改性聚酯的吸湿性进行了测试,建立了共混物表面接触角与吸水率对母粒添加量的关系曲线。选择添加6%的母粒进行试生产,对制备的短纤维进行力学性能、吸湿性能的表征。研究表明:改性聚酯短纤维具有良好的吸湿性能,通过纤维碱减量试验,结合扫描电镜表征手段对改性机制进行了进一步研究。经碱减量处理的改性纤维吸湿性呈下降的趋势,且随着碱浓度增加纤维表面的凹槽增加,分析推测亲水母粒分布在纤维的表面,从而改善了聚酯的吸湿性。     

A facile antistatic modification of polyester fiber based on ion-exchange reaction of sulfonate-modified polyester and various cationic surfactants

A new technique for imparting antistatic properties to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fiber has been developed. In this technique, blend polyester fibers containing poly(ethylene terephthalate/5-sulfoisophthalate) (SIP-PET) were prepared by blend spinning and then treated with various cationic surfactants in the process of dyeing. The surfactants could effectively be immobilized on the fiber as the counter cations of the sulfonate groups of the 5-sulfoisophthalate (SIP) units and aid the release of static electrons formed in the fiber. Thus, the half-life time (t_1/2) of leakage of static charge and the surface resistivity (Rs) of the blend PET fibers became much lower after treating. The best result was obtained with a methylated quaternary ammonium salt of a stearylamine-ethylene oxide (EO) adduct or hydrochloride of a laurylamine-EO adduct as the surfactant of which the number of EO units was around ten. Even after five washing cycles the t_1/2 value of the fibers treated with these surfactants was kept lower than 30 s with the Rs value maintained in the order of 10¹³ Ω cm^-2. Therefore, the present technique could be useful for practical production of polyester fibers with “semi-permanent” antistatic properties which can be recovered by re-treatment even if they were lost.     

Aliphatic polyester miscibility with polyepichlorohydrin

Based on the behavior of the glass transition for blends of polyepichlorohydrin with various aliphatic polyesters, miscible amorphous phases are formed in all cases when the ratio of aliphatic carbons to ester groups in the repeat unit is less than 10 but more than 2. This observation includes selected polyesters with branched and saturated cyclic units in their structure. Interaction parameters deduced from polyester melting point depression were all negative and showed a minimum within this range of polyester molecular structures. The composition dependence of the observed glass transitions was found to be severely influenced by the presence of polyester crystallinity in the blend when heated through the transition region.     

PET蓄光纤维的研制及性能研究

采用共混纺丝法制备了PET蓄光纤维,并对纤维的性能进行了研究。SEM分析表明,采用偶联剂可以有效地改善聚酯与蓄光粉体组成的共混体系的相容性,减小分散相颗粒的尺寸。预先将PET、蓄光粉体与偶联剂制备成母粒用于纺丝,可以明显提高体系的可纺性。同时,研究了蓄光粉体的含量对纤维力学性能和发光性能的影响。     

舒适性聚酯纤维研究Ⅰ.添加剂含量对共混纤维碱水解性能的影响

将含有间苯二甲酸双羟乙酯 5 磺酸钠(SIPE)成分的添加剂与聚酯共混纺丝形成系列共混聚酯纤维,其碱水解行为有别于传统的聚酯纤维:在一定温度下,它的碱减量率与时间之间呈现较好的线性关系,并且取决于初始碱浓度。由于结构因素上的原因,碱减量的程度随添加剂添加数量的增加而增大,而且这种影响随处理条件如处理时间、碱浓度以及处理温度等的提高而加剧。在一定数量的添加剂(<50%)下,添加剂组分与聚酯组分间能较好地相容并成微纤状形式分散于聚酯纤维中,这种分散形式对纤维的碱处理性能有较大的影响。从碱处理后的SEM照片可以看到许多微细狭长的缝隙,它们的形成将有助于水分的快速散发。     

三叶异形聚酯共混纤维的碱水解性能

将PET与易水解聚酯(EHDPET)质量比80：20的三叶异形共混纤维进行碱(NaOH)水解处理,探讨了NaOH浓度、渗透剂浓度、水解时间等影响因素。结果表明：渗透剂浓度对共混纤维碱减量率的影响最大,其次分别是NaOH浓度、水解时间、处理温度。其中渗透剂浓度约0．05g/L较好,最大碱减量率应控制小于25%。电子显微镜照片表明随着碱减量率增加共混纤维表面微沟槽逐渐加深,三叶逐渐破裂分离。     

Recycling of Waste PET: Usage as Secondary Plasticizer for PVC

Postconsumer water bottle poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes were depolymerized with ethylene glycol (EG) by the glycolysis reaction in the presence of zinc acetate as the catalyst. In the depolymerization reactions, different weight ratios of PET/EG were used. In order to obtain polyesters used as PVC plasticizers, these glycolysis products containing hydroxyl end groups were reacted with an adipic acid (AA)–containing diacid group at equivalent amounts. In order to obtain PVC plastisols, PVC was dispersed into a plasticizers' mixture composed of di-isooctyl phthalate (DOP) and polyester products by using a high-speed mixer (PVC/plasticizers, 65/35 w/w). For the preparation of plasticizer mixture polyester products were used at a weight ratio of 20%, 40%, 60% of DOP. Plasticized PVC sheets were prepared from plastisols and their glass transition temperatures (T_g), migration, and mechanical properties were determined. The results show that the polyester products obtained from glycolysis products of waste PET can be used as secondary plasticizers, with DOP for PVC.     

Studies on chemical resistance of polyesters

Chlorendic anhydride based polyester ( I ,) tetrachlorophthalic anhydride based polyester ( II ), dibromoneopentyl glycol based polyester ( III ,) general purpose polyester ( IV ,) blend of dibromoneopentyl glycol based polyester with general purpose polyester ( V ,) chlorendic anhydride and dibromoneopentyl glycol based polyester ( VI ), and a blend of chlorendic anhydride based polyester and dibromoneopentyl glycol based polyester ( VII ) were prepared and their chemical resistance and moisture absorption studied in various reagents, acid, alkali, and water, at 25 and 65°C. It is found that the polyester ( III ) is the least affected in the presence of the acids. In 20% NaOH, there was a decrease in weight for all polyesters at both the temperatures compared to the control except the polyester ( VII ). Increase in weight of all the polyesters was observed during the absorption of moisture both at 25 and 65°C. The increase was higher at higher temperature. Polyester ( III ) thus shows the least absorption of moisture.     

PET/EHDPET异形共混纤维非织造布的吸排水性能

研究了不同碱减量率的聚酯/水溶性聚酯(PET/EHDPET)异形共混纤维非织造布的吸排水性能,探讨了碱减量率和温度等因素对非织造布吸排水速率的影响。结果表明,PET/EHDPET异形共混纤维非织造布随着碱减量率的增大吸排水性能提高;随着温度的升高,排水速率增大。     

PET/PTT共混纤维的制备及结构性能研究

将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)与聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)共混纺丝制备PET/PTT共混纤维,研究了共混纤维的结构与性能。结果表明,随着PTT含量的增加,PET/PTT共混纤维的晶粒尺寸逐渐增大;PET/PTT共混纤维的断裂强度较PTT纤维大,回弹性较PET纤维好,沸水收缩率较PET纤维大;当PTT质量分数为50%时,共混纤维的结晶度出现最小值,沸水收缩率出现最大值。     

PA6/EHDPET共混纤维的碱水解行为

将PA6和易水解聚酯 (EHDPET)以适当比例混合 ,可制得以EHDPET为分散相的共混纤维。研究了碱处理条件及共混纤维的超分子结构对碱减量率及水解后纤维形态结构的影响 ,结果表明 :碱浓度对碱减量率的影响较大 ,渗透剂浓度对碱减量率的影响不大 ;随碱处理时间的延长 ,碱减量率增大 ,依碱浓度的不同 ,在 1～ 2h达到碱水解平衡 ,纤维表面呈现不同程度的沟槽形态 ;共混纤维的超分子结构对碱减量率及碱处理后纤维形态结构影响较大。     

Correlation between interactions, miscibility, and spherulite growth in crystalline/crystalline blends of poly(ethylene oxide) and polyesters

Crystalline/crystalline blend systems of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and a homologous series of polyesters, from poly(ethylene adipate) to poly(hexamethylene sebacate), of different CH₂/CO ratios (from 3.0 to 7.0) were examined. Correlation between interactions, miscibility, and spherulite growth rate was discussed. Owing to proximity of blend constituents' T_g's, the miscibility in the crystalline/crystalline blends was mainly justified by thermodynamic and kinetic evidence extracted from characterization of the PEO crystals grown from mixtures of PEO and polyesters at melt state. By overcoming experimental difficulty in assessing the phase behavior of two crystalline polymers with closely spaced T_g's, this work has further extended the range of polyesters that can be miscible with PEO. The interaction parameters (χ₁₂) for miscible blends of PEO with polyesters [poly(ethylene adipate), poly(propylene adipate), poly(butylene adipate), and poly(ethylene azelate) with CH₂/CO = 3.0-4.5] are all negative but the values vary with the polyester structures, with a maximum for the blend of PEO/poly(propylene adipate) (CH₂/CO = 3.5). The values of interactions are apparently dependent on the structures of the polyester constituent in the blends; interaction strength for the miscible PEO/polyester systems correlate in the same trend with the PEO crystal growth rates in the blends.     

NMR and MALDI-TOF MS study of side reactions in hyperbranched polyesters based on 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid

Hyperbranched polyesters of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid (BMPA) with various molar ratios of tetra(hydroxymethyl)methane (PE) core molecule were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. In all polyesters, the formation of ether groups was observed. The extent of etherification increased with increasing PE content. This was assigned to a higher reactivity of PE towards etherification than BMPA. Intra- and intermolecular etherifications and intramolecular esterifications were detected by MALDI-TOF MS on the core molecule-containing polyesters, resulting in the formation of cycle-containing hyperbranched molecules. The ratio of cycle-containing molecules reached 50% at high reaction time for the polyester without core molecule, but was much lower for the polyesters containing a core molecule. As a consequence of these side reactions, the control of hyperbranched polyester molar mass by varying the core molecule (chain limiter) molar ratio is much more difficult than for linear polyesters.