大颗粒吸水树脂的制备工艺及其性能

采用反相悬浮聚合制备了大颗粒聚丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸-丙烯酸钠[P(AM-AA-SA)]树脂微球,考察了搅拌速率与乳化剂对树脂微球粒径的影响,交联剂用量、单体配比和丙烯酸中和度对330μm树脂微球吸水倍率的影响,丙烯酸丁酯的用量对树脂吸水速率的影响以及树脂微球在80℃下的保水性能.结果表明:制备的树脂吸去离子水量达983.0 g/g,对NaCl和CaCl2溶液的吸水倍率最大值分别为91 3,15.6 g/g,在80℃下有良好的保水性能,丙烯酸丁酯的加入可将吸水饱和时间延长2倍.     

吸水树脂改性研究进展

吸水树脂的改性方法有亲水基团多样化法、互穿网络法、疏水改性法和无机物共混法.常用的制备方法包括溶液聚合法、反相悬浮聚合法和反相乳液聚合法.吸水树脂主要应用于油田开发、污水处理和建筑等领域.建议从聚合物分子设计、单体优选、合成工艺改进等方面着手,对提高吸水树脂的耐盐性、吸水膨胀后凝胶的强度和控制吸水速率等进行研究.同时也...     

磺化酚醛吸水树脂的研制

通过引入水化基团—CH2SO3-、控制合成反应工艺、增韧改性等措施,以亚硫酸氢钠、甲醛和苯酚为原料,以ZR-1为增韧改性剂,首次成功研制了磺化酚醛吸水树脂SPA。考察确定了优化反应条件：甲醛与苯酚的摩尔比为1.5～1.8,以无水亚硫酸钠为催化剂,通过磺甲基化法引入磺酸基,磺化度控制在20%,用1%的ZR-1进行增韧改性。制得的SPA为暗红色,具有粘弹性的块状树脂,强度达2 MPa以上,拉伸伸长率为194%,吸水7 h达到饱和,吸水倍数3.2倍。     

磺化酚醛吸水树脂的研制

通过引入水化基团—CH2SO3-、控制合成反应工艺、增韧改性等措施,以亚硫酸氢钠、甲醛和苯酚为原料,以ZR-1为增韧改性剂,首次成功研制了磺化酚醛吸水树脂SPA。考察确定了优化反应条件:甲醛与苯酚的摩尔比为1.5～1.8,以无水亚硫酸钠为催化剂,通过磺甲基化法引入磺酸基,磺化度控制在20%,用1%的ZR-1进行增韧改性。制得的SPA为暗红色,具有粘弹性的块状树脂,强度达2 MPa以上,拉伸伸长率为194%,吸水7 h达到饱和,吸水倍数3.2倍。     

辐射悬浮聚合制备球状吸水树脂

采用60Co-γ射线辐射引发淀粉-丙烯酸静置悬浮聚合,制备了粒径250～850 μm左右的球状吸水树脂.考察了剂量率、剂量对高吸水树脂吸液性能的影响,并对球状吸水树脂进行了表面处理,结果表明,球状吸水树脂通过表面处理后,大大提高了吸液速率.     

甲苯二异氰酸酯交联阳离子型丙烯酸酯树脂的制备及性能

用自由基聚合法制备了阳离子型羟基丙烯酸酯树脂,以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)和丁酮肟合成出半封端型TDI,将两种产物混合反应,制备出系列聚氨酯改性的丙烯酸酯树脂分散液.分散液成膜后,在高温(140 ℃)下解封的异氰酸酯官能团与丙烯酸酯树脂上的羟基反应得到异氰酸酯交联丙烯酸酯树脂膜.结果表明,随着交联度的提高,丙烯酸酯树脂的玻璃化转变温度升高,凝胶含量增加,拉伸性能、邵尔A硬度、耐腐蚀性及耐水性得以提高.     

环氧树脂改性阳离子型水性聚氨酯的合成

为了提高水性阳离子聚氨酯涂膜的耐水性和力学性能,以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚醚二元醇、一缩二乙二醇、环氧树脂E-51、N-甲基二乙醇胺为主要原料,采用丙酮法合成出环氧树脂改性的阳离子聚氨酯乳液。研究了反应条件和配方对乳液及胶膜性能的影响。通过引入环氧树脂得到的涂膜耐水性大大提高。     

Preparation and water-absorbent properties of a water-swellable rubber

A water-swellable rubber was prepared by blending polychloroprene (CR) with crosslinked sodium polyacrylate (CSP), precipitated silica, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and vulcanizing agents. The preparation process was described and the effect of composition of the water-swellable rubber on its water-absorbent properties such as degree of swelling, swelling rate, and weight loss ratio of CSP was discussed and the optimum composition range was identified: CSP, 25–75 phr; precipitated silica, 10–50 phr; and PEO, 5–30 phr. The reinforcing filler (precipitated silica) and the water-soluble polymer (PEO) were found to improve the water-absorbent properties of water-swellable rubber. The morphology of CSP and the silica in the rubber was studied by scanning electron microscopy, which showed that they were well dispersed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1219–1225, 1998     

AM/AMPS/木薯淀粉吸水树脂的研究

以木薯淀粉为骨架,以丙烯酰胺（AM）、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）为单体,通过接枝反应制备淀粉基吸水树脂。结果表明：单体配比,引发剂用量,反应时间,反应温度等因素对吸水树脂的吸夜性能有显著影响。     

马来酸酐-丙烯酸耐盐性高吸水树脂合成研究

以氨化后的马来酸酐（MA）和丙烯酸（AA）为原料,过硫酸铵（APS）和亚硫酸氢钠（SHF）为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBA）和甘露醇（MAN）为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了一种耐盐性高吸水树脂。优化的合成条件为：MA=10%,APS=4‰,MBA=1.0‰,MAN=4‰,氨化程度75%,合成温度75℃。在此条件下合成的树脂,对去离子水和0.9%生理盐水的吸水率分别达到1 476 g/g和126 g/g。     

PEI微孔纤维及PMMA/PEI复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

利用静电纺丝技术制备了具有微孔结构的聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)纳米纤维,在此基础上采用同轴共纺技术获得了有机玻璃/聚醚酰亚胺(PMMA/PEI)纳米复合纤维,考察了不同的纺丝工艺参数对PEI和PMMA/PEI纤维形貌的影响. 实验结果表明,在低浓度下单纺可获得直径0.05~0.5 mm的PEI微孔纳米纤维,使用同轴共纺技术能获得表面光滑的PMMA/PEI复合纳米纤维;经过4 MPa压置处理10 min的复合纳米纤维薄膜的拉伸强度随PEI含量的增加有所提升.     

Coemulsion and electrodeposition properties of mixtures of cationic epoxy resin and cationic acrylic resin containing blocked-isocyanate groups

2-Ethylhexanol–half-blocked-toluene diisocyanate (2EH-half-blocked TDI) was first reacted with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to prepare HEMA–TDI–2EH monomer containing blocked-isocyanate groups. This monomer was reacted with butyl acrylate, styrene, and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate to prepare an acrylic copolymer III ′ containing blocked-isocyanate groups and tertiary amine groups. The acrylic copolymer III ′ can be mixed with an epoxy–amine adduct IV ′, acetic acid, and deionized (D.I.) water to from an electrodepositable coemulsion. The electrophoretic codeposition of the coemulsion and physical and chemical properties of the codeposited film were investigated. The resin composition of film deposited from coemulsion was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) quantitative analysis to study the coemulsion and electrophoretic codeposition behavior. The applicability of this two-component coemulsion in primer–surface (pricer) electrodepositable paint was also discussed. The results indicate that the deposition yield of cationic acrylic copolymer III is greater than that of cationic epoxy resin IV , i.e., the deposition velocity of III is faster than that of IV . However, resins III and IV can be well codispersed in D.I. water to form stable coemulsion; thus, the resin composition of deposited is almost equal to the resin composition. Moreover, the throwing power of coemulsion is almost equal to that of IV emulsion but greater than that of III emulsion. The optimum resin compositions of coemulsions for obtaining better gel content of deposited films are between 0.65 and 0.8 ( III/III + IV , by weight). © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

吸水树脂表面微波接枝改性及共混研究

利用微波辅助技术对吸水树脂（CSP）进行表面接枝改性,考察了微波接枝反应时间对单体转化率、接枝率、接枝效率及吸水树脂疏水性的影响,通过对吸水树脂和橡胶共混后制得的吸水膨胀橡胶（WSR）性能的测试.结果表明,微波辅助接枝改性可以增强吸水树脂和氯丁橡胶（CR）的界面粘接性,提高WSR的力学性能,提高吸水树脂在橡胶中的分散性,降低WSR的质量流失率.     

淀粉/NaAA/NBR复合材料的制备与吸水性能研究

运用乳液共沉法制备淀粉/NBR复合物,通过氢氧化钠和丙烯酸的中和反应,在NBR中原位合成丙烯酸钠(NaAA),制备淀粉/NaAA/NBR复合材料,并对复合材料物理性能和吸水性能进行研究。结果表明,与直接添加NaAA的淀粉/NaAA/NBR复合材料相比,原位合成NaAA的淀粉/NaAA/NBR复合材料物理性能较好,吸水性能较差;随着浸水时间延长和浸水温度升高,直接添加NaAA的淀粉/NaAA/NBR复合材料吸水体积膨胀率增大,原位合成NaAA的淀粉/NaAA/NBR复合材料吸水体积膨胀率先增大后减小,前者吸水性能较好。     

利用再生纸浆制备高吸水性树脂的合成工艺

以微波辐射为引发热源,以再生纸浆为原料与单体丙烯酸在复合引发剂(硝酸铈铵和过硫酸钾)引发下进行非均相接枝共聚反应,合成高吸水性树脂.经过选择和优化得到最佳的工艺条件为单体中和度为75%,单体体积与纸浆干重之比为21∶2,引发剂硫酸铈铵与过硫酸钾的用量分别为0.06 ml和0.12 ml,在75℃下引发5min后反应1 6 h.得到的树脂每克吸水1 060 g,吸盐水(0.9% NaCl)108 g.     

纳米SiO2增强PAM/PEI冻胶的制备及性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性SiO2为增强剂构建C-SiO2/聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)/聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)冻胶体系,模拟油藏环境对其抗温性、抗盐性、长期稳定性进行了考察.结果表明,C-SiO2/PAM/PEI冻胶体系在酸性环境下不能成胶,当pH≥7时,C-SiO2/PAM/PEI冻胶体系成胶时间缩短,强度增强.温度由30℃提高到120℃,成胶时间由20 h缩短为1 h,冻胶强度不断提高,在120℃下最终成胶强度可达到I级.矿化度由0 mg/L上升到1.0×105 mg/L,成胶时间从3 h延缓为5 d,成胶强度由I级降为G级.在120℃下、pH为9、矿化度为7.0×104 mg/L NaCl溶液中,C-SiO2/PAM/PEI冻胶体系最终强度可达到H级,表观黏度可达6.0×105 mPa·s左右,且维持360 d以上不脱水,具有良好的长期稳定性.结果表明,C-SiO2本身的强度提高了冻胶体系的强度、耐温性和长期稳定性.     

异氰酸酯/可发性酚醛树脂泡沫体的制备

采用端异氰酸酯聚醚预聚物与可发性酚醛树脂制备了新型泡沫体。通过ESI-MS光谱分析和泡沫物理力学性能测试研究了异氰酸酯基团与可发性酚醛树脂比例、异氰酸酯基团和三聚体相对含量、可发性酚醛树脂分子质量对泡沫体制备及性能的影响。结果表明:异氰酸酯基团与酚醛树脂质量比为40/100、三聚体质量分数17.33%、酚醛树脂聚合时间45min时,泡沫体的体积稳定性好,收缩率低;可发性酚醛树脂分子质量增加时,泡沫体的密度从60.16kg/m3增加到63.96kg/m3,基本保持稳定;其弯曲强度为0.2MPa,弯曲应变达到15%以上,远高于纯酚醛泡沫(6%)。在150℃下烘烤2h,泡沫体的质量损失为6%左右,体积变化为-5%左右。泡沫体的热稳定性优于聚氨酯泡沫,同时又有良好的韧性。     

Multifunctional amphoteric resin to remove both anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous solution

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a new amphoteric resin, which can be used for the removal of both cationic, methylene blue (MB) and anionic dyes, reactive red-120 (RR-120). The amphoteric resin was characterized by ATR-FTIR, SEM–EDX, TGA/DTA, DLS, BET analysis and also its surface pHpzc was determined. The prepared resin has micro porous structure and its particle size was at the nano level. The prepared amphoteric resin showed high removal affinity for MB in both acidic and basic medium, while for RR-120 high removal affinity in acidic medium. Moreover, it was observed that the amphoteric resin has exhibited almost 100% dye removal up to 600 ppm for MB and up to 300 ppm for RR-120, respectively. The adsorption behavior of both dyes on the amphoteric resin is in agreement with the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic model and also electrostatic interaction is dominant in adsorption. Its capacity was slightly low for the MB than that of the commercial activated carbon, but higher for the RR-120. Furthermore, it was observed that the amphoteric resin almost did not lose its high removal efficiency in the concentrated matrix environment for both dyes. After five repeated adsorption–desorption cycles, the high removal efficiency of the resin for the MB (almost 100%) unchanged, but for the RR-120 decreased to 83%.     

光致变色PVA/PEI纳米纤维膜制备及性能

针对传统光致变色纤维膜受酸碱等外界影响易导致变色效率低,以及稳定性不高的问题,提出在传统静电纺丝制备PVA/PEI纳米纤维膜的基础上,负载光致变色纳米微球,然后与戊二醛交联,得到性能稳定的光致变色纤维膜,并考察了PVA/PEI质量比、戊二醛交联以及光致变色纳米微球含量对光致变色纤维膜性能的影响。结果表明：在PVA/PEI的质量比为75∶25,光致变色微球的含量为10%时,经过戊二醛交联的光致变色纤维膜表面光滑,串珠连续且均匀;随着紫外光照的增加,纤维膜的颜色逐步加深,但当光致变色微球的含量大于10%时,颜色不再发生变化;将光致变色纤维膜浸水24h,纤维膜仍保持连续且均匀的多孔纤维结构。根据以上试验看出,纤维膜材料可用于环境领域中,以达到美化环境的目的。