Fettsäuren-Zusammensetzung von Fischölkapseln

Fatty Acid Composition of Fish Oil Capsules The proven nutritional essentially of ω-fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as well as their positive effect w.r.t. prevention and therapy of cardiovascular disease, have increased the significance of fish consumption as well as the intake of fish oil capsules from both marketing and medical points of view. Consequently, we analysed 26 fish oil preparation via GC, w.r.t. fatty acid composition as well as EPA- and DHA-content respectively. The aim was to identify the origin and provenance of the respective fish oils and thier possible blending will other edible fats and oils. The results of our investigations show that 23 samples could be considered as being composed of fish oils or fish oil concentrates. The remaining 3 were identified as being fish oil fatty acid ethylesters. An admixture with other edible oils could not be detected. Most of the fish oil capsules(= 20 products), as well as those specified as being salmon oil capsules, contained about 30% ω-3-fatty acids in a ratio between EPA:DHA of about 3:2. This ratio corresponds with those of a fish oil concentrate from Japan. Higher concentrations of ω-fatty acids of about 50% were found in the three capsules containing fish oil fatty acid ethylesters. The EPA:DHA ratio amounted in this case to about 3:2.     

Verbesserung von Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit durch Dosierpumpen in der Öl- und Fett-verarbeitenden Industrie

Improvement of Quality and Economy in the Oil and Fat Processing Industry by the Use of Metering Pumps Volumetric metering of liquids using metering pumps is discussed with special reference to the following aspects: Limits of application, requirements to be met by the metering pumps in the oil and fat industry, types of metering pumps, forms of construction, drives and gears, pump heads, cylinder packings, pump valves, influence of external conditions, installation of metering pumps and their regulation. The economic solution of tasks involving metering is shown with examples from the practice.     

Regionale und jahresbedingte Differenzierung von Ertrag und Qualität bei Öllein Ergebnisse aus einem zweijährigen Modellanbauversuch

Effects of Locations and Year on Yield and Quality of Linseed – Results of a Biennial Model Trial A Model-trial on cultivation of oil-linseed (Linum usitatissimum) has been carried out in the Federal Republic of Germany in the years 1987 and 1988; the trial was financially supported by the Federal Ministery of Agriculture. This country-wide trial yielded very valuable experiences and results regarding the optimum practices and the economy of linseed cultivation for industrial purposes. In particular, it became obvious that the average seed yield of 12.9 (1987) and 14.3 (1988) dt/ha is still far below the possible yield potential of modern linseed cultivars, e.g. “Antarès” or “Atalante”. It is evident, however, that linseed yield can be enhanced by breeding or more stable (e.g. more lodging resistant) varieties and by further improvement of cultivation practise. Thereby, an economic production of linseed-oil should be feasible at longer turn. This is also supported by the fact that linseed cultivation under moderate Central European conditions can additionally benefit from particularly high contents of oil with high proportions of poly-unsaturated C18-fatty acids. Correlations determined between seed-yield and quality characteristics indicate that high seed yield can be combined with high oil content and at the same time high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oil. Therewith, demands of farmers and oleochemistry could be fulfilled simultaneously.     

Qualitätsaspekte von Palmöl

Quality Aspects of Palm Oil The quality of crude palm oil of different origins is surveyed. The influence of transport and storage conditions on the hydrolytic and oxidative deterioration is discussed. The effect of the crude oil quality on the quality parameters of the refined oil is demonstrated on the basis of colour, stability towards oxidation and keepability in general. Some of this correlations are shown graphically.     

Qualitätsbeurteilung von Proteinkonzentraten und -isolaten aus dem Ölkuchen von Lupinus mutabilis

Evaluation of the Quality of Protein Concentrates and Protein Isolates from the Oil Cake of Lupinus mutabilis The seeds of Lupinus mutabilis contain rather high concentrations of protein amounting to 40%. Their relative high fat content of about 18% made their use as oil seeds possible. The lupine oil was extracted using a process of extraction and manufacturing of the soya oil. The oil cake was debittered with aqueous ethanol (80% ethanol) to a protein concentrate (> 60% protein) from which a protein isolate (> 90% protein) was prepared using an acidic sedimentation. The preparation of both products led to an increase of the protein concentrations (? N × 6.25). In both preparations the S-containing amino acids remained the limiting factor of the protein quality. The alkaloid content decreased from 3.3% in the seeds to 0.06% in concentrates and to 0.02% in the isolate. The protein isolate was free from HCN, trypsin inhibiting factors and haemagglutinins. The evaluation of the protein quality with feeding experiments with rats (PER test) showed that the quality of protein concentrate was about 39% of that of casein (0.9/2.5). While acidifying the debitterning medium to pH 5 did not affect the protein quality, changing the medium to pH 9 led to a concentrate, the protein of which was not available to the rats. Adding 0.2 g DL-Methionine to 100 g diet improved its protein quality to about 84%. The preparation of the protein isolate affected the bioavailability of the S-amino acids, which could not be recognized with the chemical analysis. The quality of the protein isolate amounted to only 19% of that of casein. The supplementation with 0.2% DL-Methionine in the diet improved it to 89%. The digestibility of lupine protein amounted to 83%. In mixtures of wheat protein with lupine protein concentrates (90/10) the limiting amino acids of both proteins could mostly be compensated; the calculated PER-value was 2.3 (78% of that of casein). This result shows that protein concentrates from lupine oil cake could be successfully added to bread and bakery products.     

Einfluß von Futterfetten auf die Qualität tierischer Veredlungsprodukte

Effects of Feed Fats on Quality of Animal Product At the same level of energy supply intake of fats/oils do not lead to a higher fat deposition in the carcass. Additionally, fats are carrier of fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K and improve their absorption from the intestinal tract. The fatty acid profile of fat deposited in the organism, as for example in egg yolk is influenced by the intake of fatty acids provided by feed. This especially concerns linoleic- and linolenic acid as well as lauric- and myristic acid, High contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids negatively influence oxidative stability as well as consistency of body fat and therefore quality of animal products. An improved oxidation protection can be carried out by supplementation of antioxidants. Medium-chain, saturated fatty acids reveal positive effects on both criteria.     

Zur Frage der Instabilität von Polyacrylamidlösungen

The solution instability (also called ageing or degradation) of high purity polyacrylamides(PAAm) was examined for a number of different molecular weights. This instability set in by a decrease of the solution viscosity and of [η] depending on time with simultaneous loss of flocculation activity. The instability appears only at molecular weights M? > 1,5 mill. in aqueous solutions; in formamide and ethyleneglycole PAAm-solutions however are stable. The viscosity loss was observed at a concentration range c = 0,001 to 5%. The standardization of several pH-values at a range from 1 to 12 by means of buffer substances as well as the addition of hydrochinone, chinone, NaNO₂ and Na₂SO₃ do not lead to a stable solution. Only at pH = 5 a stable solution was obtained but by changing the buffer substance at the same pH the solution became instable again. Addition of isopropanol leads to stable aqueous PAAm-solutions from technical products as well as high purity polyacrylamides. The mechanism of the solution instability is not a decrease of the molecular weight due to chain scission but a change of conformation of the solution structure from single molecules based on hydrogen bonds.     

Zur Qualitätsbeurteilung von Ölkuchen (Notizen von 3 Internationalen Kongressen im Jahre 1970)

Evaluation of the Quality of Oilseed-Cakes (Notes on Three International Congresses in 1970) In 1970, the problems involved in production and utilization of oilseeds were dealt with in three international congresses. Due to drastic rise in its production, rapeseed gained considerable interest in Canada and Europe. Therefore, at these congresses, the significance of rapeseed-cake as compared to other oilseed-cakes was discussed in several lectures. As compared to soya, the lower biological value of rape-flakes is due to presence of toxic glucosinolates, as well as due to the lower content of proteins and carbohydrates, and their poorer digestibility. Inspite of this, it appears according to latest experiments, that in future rapeseed-cake would not only serve as animalfeed but also as a source of protein in human nutrition.     

Genotypische Variabilität in Ertrags- und Qualitätsmerkmalen bei Mohn und Leindotter

Genotypic Variation for Yield-and Quality-Traits in Poppy and False Flax Within the two old, in earlier times cultivated crops there exists a large variability in such important traits as 1000-seed-weight, oil content, oil yield, and fatty acid composition. Making use of the variability by intensive breeding efforts would lead to high yielding poppy strains with a content of linoleic acid up to 80% and to high yielding false flax lines with a fatty acid composition comparable to that of linseed oil.     

Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung polyverzweigter Fettsäuren aus Fischöl

Isolation and Structure Determination of the Polybranched Fatty Acids from Fish Oil From a sample of sea fish oil, three saturated polymethyl branched fatty acids could be separated in pure state as methyl esters by using urea adduct, column chromatography and distillation methods. These could be identified as 4,8,12-trimethyl-tridecanoic acid, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-pentadecanoic acid and 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-hexadecanoic acid, with the help of molecular weight determination, ultimate analysis, IR-, NMR- and mass-spectroscopy. The structures could be proved by synthesis. Many other branched chain fatty acids were synthesised for comparison. The synthesis and the infrared spectrums of these compounds are given in details.     

Züchtung und Erzeugung von Qualitätsraps in Europa

Breeding and Production of Low Erucic Rapeseed in Europe In rapeseed the world's highest yields are obtained in Europe and particularly in Germany. Because of this high production level the selection of varieties with low contents in erucic acid, which started in Canada, met various difficulties in this part of the world. Especially the breeding cycle is much lengthened on account of the wintertype of most European varieties as compared to the spring type varieties, dominating in Canada. Different ways of selection for low erucic varieties were followed in Europe by the various plant breeding institutions. The present state in the genetic improvement and agricultural production of “quality rapeseed” in the Federal Republic of Germany, however, justifies the measures here taken, although the total change-over of rapeseed production to zero erucic varieties was not without problems in 1974/75 due to unfavourable season. Nevertheless, the German rapeseed processing industry may in future expect even better qualities of the domestic supply through further improved rapeseed varieties.