Prozeßvergleich von Umkehrosmose und Elektrodialyse am Beispiel der Nitrat-Entfernung aus Grundwässern

Comparison of reverse osmosis and electrodialysis for removal of nitrate from groundwater . Reverse osmosis and electrodialysis are membrane processes suitable for desalination of aqueous solutions. Both processes were tested on a pilot scale in a waterworks for removal of nitrate from groundwater. A combination of the processes was also considered with a view to very high concentration of the residual water. The article shows how information gathered from long-term reverse osmosis trials and the experiments with the electrodialysis plant with industrial membrane dimensions can provide a basis for safe design of large plants. Treatment costs for large capacities are shown for the example of the above feed water. The advantages and disadvantages of reverse osmosis and electrodialysis are compared. This comparison demonstrates fitting applications of the two processes in other areas (chemical industry, sewage treatment).     

Prozeßführung und Verfahrenstechnik zur schadstoffarmen Verbrennung von Abfällen

Process control and engineering of essentially pollutant-free combustion of wastes. The avoidance, reduction, and utilization of wastes are recognized as exploitable strategies. In spite of these measures, in the future wastes remain which still require treatment. Combustion is possible way substantially converting complex chemical compounds in an environmentally compatible manner. The present paper deals in a general manner with the possibilities of influencing combustion control (primary measures) for wastes in order to obtain minimum levels of pollutants. A difference is made between gaseous, liquid, or powdered wastes and those comprising mixtures of coarse, pasty, and liquid components. The paper deals with mixing mechanisms, temperature control, burn out, pollutant limitation, and the resulting fundamental possibilities of process control and engineering.     

Einsatz von Diamantelektroden zur Brauchwassergewinnung durch elektrochemische Desinfektion von biologisch behandelten Abwässern

In order to prevent infections due to pathogenic germs waste water needs to be disinfected prior to reuse. In addition to membrane filtration and treatment with UV radiation electrochemical disinfection can be a suitable alternative. The use of diamond electrodes for the disinfection of waste water was investigated depending on important operational conditions and characteristics of the waste water.