An analytical study of two-phase helium flow within a radial rotating duct

A study was made of the behaviour of separated two-phase helium flow within a radial rotating duct. The liquid film thickness, phase velocities, heat-exchange coefficients, pressure and temperature differences were evaluated. The plots obtained for helium flow in thermodynamic equilibrium are used to calculate the radius dependence of pressure and quality at a given rotational frequency and inlet duct conditions. The equilibrium pressure model is presented which describes pressures not too close to the critical values.     

U型管内部流场运动数值分析

空调制冷器U型管内部流动特性对空调制冷器对流换热的影响很大,利用FLUENT软件,选用RNG k-ε湍流模型对U型管内部流场进行数值分析,得出了在U型管弯管处的流体具有二次流以及外侧流速和压力大于内侧的流动特性,在弯曲段内、外侧边界层厚度出现差异,解释了空调制冷器中U型管内外侧换热的差异,对改善制冷器性能以及制冷器的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

脉动力作用下充液直管动态特性分析

运用Fluent对充液直管进行流场仿真,分析充液直管内流在周期性初速度条件下的压力变化特性。运用ANSYSWorkbench单向流固耦合模块,分析充液直管在脉动压力作用下流固耦合振动模态特性,以及管道支撑间距对充液管道振动模态的影响,为工程设计提供参考。     

Rarefied gas dynamics aspects of pharmaceutical freeze-drying

Freeze-drying is a low-pressure, low-temperature condensation pumping process widely used in manufacture of bio/pharmaceutical products. Because of the need to avoid the aggressive evaporation drying, typical operating pressures in freeze-drying are below 100 Pa. Understanding relevant rarefied flow physics can help improve freeze-drying systems and processes. The paper presents various rarefied gas dynamics aspects of freeze-drying including thermal creep and conduction, pressure and concentration-gradient driven flows and sonic expansion flows with icing. In particular, flow through the duct where the Knudsen number is small enough is modeled using conventional CFD techniques. The effect of the hardware on flow in the duct is discussed in detail. Furthermore, flow and icing in the freeze-drying condenser is modeled using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) technique. The effect of duct length on the uniformity of mass flux and ice accretion rates are discussed. It is found that by increasing the duct length, there is a trade-off between increased residual pressure and improved uniformity. The simulations show that by augmenting the DSMC method with conventional CFD technique in appropriate regimes, the gas dynamics in the entire freeze-dryer system can be modeled numerically for given sublimation rate and geometry.     

管道内部湍流所引起的泄漏噪声之声强级估算

在管道通风系统中的湍流区内,震荡波动的阻力气压与推力气压之间的关系已被阐述。根据Nelson与Morfey的设定,在流体质元所受波动阻力和稳态阻力之比恒定的条件下,文中推广了一种基于气压值的计算方法,用来推算由管道内部因素与湍流作用所引起的管道壁泄漏噪声之声强级。     

大型内燃机气阀圆锥面激光宽带熔覆钴基合金材料的研究

为了研究在耐热钢气阀圆锥面基体上激光宽带熔覆钴基合金，采用6kwCO2激光器进行激光熔覆，进行了工艺研究，用扫描电境（SEM）对激光熔覆层进行形貌观察。结果取得在气阀圆锥面基体上熔覆钴基舍金的最佳工艺参数，耐热钢基体与熔覆层能形成良好的冶金结合，在圆锥面上开圆角坡口的熔覆质量优于直角坡口。     

Gas flow measurement by the thin orifice and the classical Venturi tube

Many applications of vacuum technology require the generation and measurement of known gas flows. For this purpose, one may use ducts with constrictions. At a constriction, the flow-dependent pressure drop occurs. The gas throughput can be obtained from the inlet and outlet pressures at the constriction, provided its characteristics are known. In the present study, the characteristics of constrictions with basic geometry, i.e. the (infinitely) thin circular orifice and the standardised (DIN 1952) classical Venturi tube were investigated. Experimental methods for measuring the gas flow through a duct are described. The characteristics of individual constrictions were carefully measured and the data quantitatively compared to theoretical calculations. The results are discussed in order to provide a better understanding of the flow phenomena and to make them applicable to thin orifices and to Venturi tubes of any size and arbitrary gas. Over the whole flow range from molecular to viscous, the thin orifice can be used. However, it causes permanent pressure loss and it only has a small aperture in relation to the duct dimensions. In the viscous range, the Venturi tube can be used successfully. Thus, it is possible to establish stable secondary flow standards if the proper constriction is chosen.     

Effect of water supply pressure on atomization characteristics and dust-reduction efficiency of internal mixing air atomizing nozzle

As a new type of nozzle, the internal mixing air atomizing nozzle has been widely used in the field of dust reduction via spraying. In this study, the effect of water supply pressure on the atomization characteristics and dust-reduction efficiency of the internal mixing air atomizing nozzle was investigated. Firstly, the FLUENT software was used to simulate the flow field inside and outside the nozzle under different water supply pressures. The numerical simulation results showed that as the water supply pressure increased, the internal pressure and water flow velocity in the mixing chamber of the nozzle increased while the air flow rate decreased sharply, resulting the continuous decrease in the relative velocity between gas and liquid. Meanwhile, as the water supply pressure increased, the fragmentation scale of the liquid jet at the outlet of the nozzle was prolonged and the atomization of the liquid was limited. Secondly, based on the custom-developed dust reduction experimental system via spraying, the atomization characteristics of the nozzle were investigated. According to the experimental results, when the water supply pressure increased, the water flow rate and air flow rate of the nozzle had exponential increase and decrease, respectively. As the water supply pressure increased, the range, droplet volume fraction, droplet size, and velocity all increased, while the atomization angle first increased and then decreased. Finally, the dust reduction experiment via spraying was performed under different water supply pressures. The results showed that with the increase of water supply pressure, the dust-reduction efficiency for both the total dust and the respirable dust first increased and then decreased.     

基于计算流体动力学的内燃机进气空滤器消声量的计算

分析管道末端声反射特性,用等效延长管模拟进气口声学边界,基于计算流体动力学计算了无流条件下某内燃机空滤器的消声量。将计算值与实验测量值对比,验证模型和计算流体动力学方法的有效性。进一步计算了有平均流条件下空滤器的消声量,发现进气口马赫数为0.08时空滤器的消声量和无流条件下差别不大。最后用多孔区域模拟了滤芯,用CFD法计算了无流和有流时带滤芯空滤器的消声量,研究了CFD法中滤芯模拟的特点。     

气动措施抑制桥梁涡振机理研究

通过表面测压方法研究了桥梁主梁基本断面、添加抑流板或导流板后断面的涡激共振特性;基于三种断面不同风速各测点压力时程,综合对比分析脉动压力系数均值、标准差、功率谱及局部与总体气动力相关性对涡振的影响,揭示了扭转涡振及气动措施抑振的机理。研究发现:扭转涡振的根本原因是上表面上游的分离使得中游和下游区域压力脉动非常强烈,各测点脉动压力具有相同卓越频率,且与总体气动力具有良好的相关性;抑流板改善了上表面流场分布,有效抑制了涡振;而导流板对上表面流场基本无影响,未能抑制涡振。     

Investigating the performance of square ring under uniform squeeze rate and internal pressure

Transportation and controlling fluid flow under high pressures in pumps, valves, boilers and heat exchangers is a common exercise in the industries. The main challenge, however that has confronted designers and manufacturers of pumps and valves along with those responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of such types of machinery is managing leakages at the positions where the seals are used. One fundamental feature of seal packing is the ability of the seal to ′flow′ into the groove spaces and effectively block fluid from passing through them. The square ring has shown good ‘flow’ behavior in addition to offering low contact stresses. This research seeks to investigate the performance of the square ring. The Hertz contact theory and photoelastic experimental hybrid method are used in the study of the performance of the square ring under a squeeze rate of 20 % and varying internal pressure. It was observed that while increasing the applied internal pressure, the deformation length and angle increased due to the high stresses produced by the applied pressure. Additionally, was initiated at an internal pressure of 0.98 MPa.     

液氧煤油火箭发动机排放预冷数值仿真

针对预冷过程中输送系统和发动机流道内沸腾传热和两相流动过程,建立一维二流体模型。以某液氧煤油发动机为原型,对不同气枕压力、排放管径和空中排放时间条件下排放预冷过程进行仿真,分析进出口温度以及流量特性的变化情况,结果表明增大排放管径和排放压力均可以增强预冷效果,而空中排放预冷时达到同样预冷效果所需的推进剂量则与管径大小无关,并且预冷效果受到地面状态的影响。     

示踪气体混合均匀性的试验研究

为探讨示踪气体与被测气体实现均匀混合的条件,以CO作为示踪气体,以空气作为被测气体,在直径为0.300 m的90°弯曲管道内对示踪气体与空气的混合均匀性进行了试验研究.结果表明,在本试验条件下,当混合气体流速大于3.2 m/s时,在弯管下游的12D(D为管道内径)和15D处,示踪气体的径向和轴向平均体积分数误差小于4%,示踪气体的实测平均体积分数与理论值趋于一致,可认为示踪气体与空气的混合达到了均匀.因此,工业气体的管道输送过程中采用示踪法校准气体流量计时,可在满足上述条件的位置处作为取样点.     

椭圆形套管-管翅式蒸发式冷凝器传热性能实验研究

本文搭建了蒸发式冷凝器性能测试系统,采用控制变量法实验研究了迎面风速、喷淋密度、湿球温度、循环水温度、冷却水流量各参数变化对椭圆形套管-管翅式蒸发式冷凝器传热性能的影响。实验结果表明：该冷凝器实验系统的最佳迎面风速和喷淋密度分别为3.1 m/s和0.005 6 kg/(m·s),冷凝器管外空气压降随迎面风速的增大而迅速增加;随着空气湿球温度升高,冷凝器外传热过程的热流密度(即外热流密度)降低67.5%,而内传热过程的热流密度(即内热流密度)增大47.5%,依靠内传热过程的增强,冷凝器性能良好;随着循环水温度升高,冷凝器的内热流密度降低率高达64.6%,传热性能急剧下降;随着冷却水流量增大,冷凝器的内热流密度大幅提高2.92倍,总热流密度增大21.1%,传热性能显著增强;该冷凝器在低湿球温度、低循环水温度、大冷却水流量的工况下传热性能较优。     

Rotational flow in gravity current heads

The structure of gravity currents and plumes, in an unbounded ambient, on a slope of arbitrary angle is analysed. Inviscid, rotational flow solutions in a wedge are used to study the flow near the front of a current, and used to show that the Froude number is radical2 and the angle of the front to the slope is 60 degrees. This extends the result of von Kármán (1940) to arbitrary slope angles and large internal current velocities. The predictions of the theory are briefly compared with experiments and used to explain the large negative (relative to ambient) pressures involved in avalanches.     

电磁式发动机水冷系统流固耦合传热研究

针对电磁式发动机电磁线圈由工作温度过高导致其内阻过大、发动机工作效率降低的问题,应用流固耦合传热理论对发动机水冷系统的传热性能进行研究.以电磁式发动机水冷系统流场和固场为研究对象,建立流固耦合传热的数学模型;利用UG(Unigraphics)软件建立水冷系统流固耦合模型,对水冷系统的流场和温度场分布进行仿真分析.结果表...     

Nonstationary flow in the model channel of a ramjet engine in pulse-periodic energy supply

A study has been made of the influence of the pulse-periodic supply of energy that is equal to the energy released in the combustion of hydrogen in air on the structure of supersonic flow in a channel of variable cross section, modeling the duct of a ramjet engine. The flow has been modeled on the basis of two-dimensional nonstationary gas-dynamic equations. Different flow regimes have been obtained depending on the configuration of the zones of energy supply and the excess-air coefficients. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 464–469, May–June, 2008.     

Numerical analysis of regenerators of free-piston type Stirling engines using Lagrangian formulation

The circular duct between the cylinder and displacer serves as a regenerator in free-piston Stirling engines. The cylinder wall is fixed and the displacer wall is in reciprocating motion during the steady operation of the engine. The basic equations of the working fluid and regenerative duct are derived using the Lagrangian method in terms of the displacement of the displacer, so that time does not appear in the equations. A relation is derived between the cylinder and displacer wall temperatures to obtain the initial wall temperature distributions. A computer program is written in and the governing equations, which include the pressure fluctuations due to the flow reversals, are solved numerically using a finite difference method. The results and discussion are presented.     

考虑强液-固耦合效应的发动机液阻悬置动态特性仿真研究

以某轿车发动机液阻悬置为研究对象,运用INTESIM强液-固有限元方法建立了其动态特性分析的强液-固耦合有限元模型,仿真分析了其静、动刚度特性,并和实验结果进行了对比,验证了仿真研究结果的有效性,说明利用INTESIM强液-固耦合有限元方法可以有效的仿真液阻悬置的动态特性。     

基于FLUENT的高压高速螺旋转子泵内部流场分析

目的分析高压高速螺旋转子泵运行过程中的内部流场行为,为高压高速螺旋转子泵的结构优化提供理论依据。方法利用Solid Works建立高压高速螺旋转子泵三维模型,使用FLUENT仿真其在高压高速运行条件下的内部流场,得到压强云图,对比有、无气穴时转速对油膜最大压强和最大负压影响。结果气穴对高压区的啮合压强基本没有影响。齿轮啮合处压强最大值、齿轮啮合处负压最大值及空气在液压油中的占有率随转速的增加而增大,当转速为12 000 r/min时,空气占有率高达12.81%,啮合处的压强可高达37.5 MPa,是出油口压强的1.5倍。结论气穴阻止了部分齿顶间隙的泄漏,对转子稳定性的提高有积极意义。最大压强出现在螺旋转子泵转子的啮合处,这使转子产生了剧烈振动,降低了螺旋转子泵的稳定性。