Al2O3纳米复合陶瓷涂层激光熔覆试验研究

本文将等离子喷涂与激光熔覆工艺相结合 ,进行了纳米Al2 O3复合涂层的激光熔覆试验 ,分析了各工艺参数对熔覆工艺的影响 ,研究了熔覆过程中纳米陶瓷材料晶粒生长过程 ,得到了较为合理的纳米Al2 O3激光熔覆工艺。通过SEM、X射线衍射、摩擦磨损试验等手段对得到的复合涂层进行了微观组织、磨损性能等检测。结果表明 :采用优化的熔覆工艺 ,纳米Al2 O3熔覆材料的晶粒生长得到极大抑制 ,保持纳米结构 ,其在复合涂层常规材料表面与空洞间隙中紧密排列 ,极大提高了涂层质量与性能     

激光熔覆制备纳米结构涂层的研究进展

综述了激光熔覆制备纳米结构复合涂层的研究进展。着重介绍了激光熔覆制备金属基纳米粒子增强涂层的组织结构和性能特征。对比分析了激光熔覆和其他涂层制备方法的优缺点。阐述了激光熔覆制备纳米复合涂层存在的主要问题,并对技术发展前景和应用领域进行了展望。     

激光表面熔覆制备纳米结构涂层的研究进展

激光表面熔覆制备纳米结构涂层是一种新型的纳米表面涂层技术.综述了国内外近年来激光熔覆制备纳米结构涂层的研究进展.从熔覆对象的角度介绍了激光熔覆制备纳米结构涂层的主要技术,熔覆对象可分为纳米粉末和预制纳米结构涂层.而纳米粉末主要有纯纳米粉末、纳米/微米混合粉末和构造纳米粉末等;预制纳米结构涂层可分为热喷涂纳米结构涂层、纳米复合镀层以及溶胶一凝胶(sol-gel)纳米结构涂层等.阐述了激光熔覆制备纳米结构涂层存在的主要问题,并提出了当前的主要发展趋势:激光熔覆原位生成纳米结构涂层、激光熔覆纳米/微米构造复合粉末以及激光熔覆制备纳米结构涂层过程的数值模拟等.     

AA7075铝合金表面激光熔覆Zr基复合涂层的组织与磨损行为

为了提高铝合金的磨损性能,采用激光熔覆技术在AA7075铝合金表面熔覆了Zr-Cu-Ni-Al-TiC复合粉末,制备出Zr基复合涂层。采用SEM和XRD技术研究了熔覆层的组织；采用干滑动磨损方法评价了涂层的耐磨性。研究结果表明：熔覆层组织主要由非晶和金属间化合物组成。在非晶相和金属间化合物复合作用下,熔覆层表现出优异的耐磨性,尤其是随着熔覆层中TiC含量的增加,耐磨性得到显著的提高。     

瓦楞辊高耐磨激光熔覆颗粒增强铁基复合涂层

瓦楞辊现有强化方式如中频淬火、氮化、镀铬、激光相变硬化和喷涂碳化钨在寿命、成本、工艺稳定性及可再修复性方面存在一定的局限性,而采用激光熔覆的方法对瓦楞辊进行强化及修复可以在一定程度上弥补传统方法的劣势.针对瓦楞辊工况下强烈的低应力干摩擦磨粒磨损,采用专门研制的抗磨粒磨损粉未材料THW-64,通过工艺优化,在瓦楞辊齿表面激光熔覆制备厚度大于0.4 mm的耐磨涂层,研究瓦楞辊激光熔覆强化涂层的组织及性能.熔覆层无裂纹、与基体呈牢固的冶金结合,涂层组织为亚共品基体上弥散分布着大量原位生成的复合碳化物颗粒,平均显微硬度915HV0.2.摩擦学对比实验证明复合涂层耐磨粒磨损的性能明显改善,工业应用表明激光熔覆强化的瓦楞辊使用寿命较激光相变硬化有显著提高.     

旋转磁场辅助激光熔覆Fe60复合涂层的显微组织与性能

为细化涂层晶粒组织,提高熔覆涂层质量,采用旋转磁场辅助激光熔覆技术在Q235钢表面制备了Fe60复合涂层。借助扫面电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等表征手段对涂层进行了组织结构和物相分析,利用维氏硬度计测试了激光熔覆复合涂层截面显微硬度分布,通过摩擦磨损实验研究了涂层的磨损性能。结果表明,熔覆涂层主要由γ-(Ni,Fe)固溶体、Fe23(C,B)6和Cr5Si组成,Cr5Si3晶粒细化且分布均匀致密。旋转磁场辅助下,涂层平均显微硬度为685HV0.5,约为无磁场涂层的1.1倍;磨损失重仅为无磁场涂层的0.66倍,耐磨性能得到明显改善。     

回火处理对激光熔覆颗粒增强镍基复合涂层组织及耐磨性的影响

采用优化的激光熔覆工艺在45#钢表面制备了质量良好的颗粒增强多道镍基复合Ni60CuMoW涂层。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)等表征手段研究了涂层的显微组织、颗粒相分布和结构特征。根据显微硬度和盘销式干摩擦磨损实验数据,比较了回火处理前后颗粒增强激光熔覆复合涂层的显微硬度分布和耐磨性能,并就热处理对磨损机制的影响进行了分析。结果表明,激光原位制备的颗粒增强镍基复合熔覆涂层经回火处理后,距结合界面0.3～0.8mm区域范围内析出的复合碳化物和硼化物硬质颗粒结构完整、尺寸分布均匀、密度大,与基体相界面呈牢固的冶金结合。回火处理前后涂层熔覆区的显微硬度较基体分别提高了4.9倍和5.8倍;耐磨性较基体分别提高了1.1倍和2.9倍。     

碳纳米管含量对激光熔覆镍基复合涂层组织与性能的影响

针对Ni60A/WC复合涂层硬质相分布不均、减摩性能不足等问题,利用碳纳米管（CNTs）的高熔点和优良的自润滑性能,采用激光熔覆技术在45钢基体表面制备了添加不同含量CNTs的镍基耐磨涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析了涂层的显微组织、元素组成和相组成。通过显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机测试了涂层的硬度和耐磨性能。XRD图谱表明:熔覆层主要由Ni-Cr-Fe固溶体和WC、W₂C、Cr₃C₂、Cr₇C₃、Cr₂₃C₆、B₄C等硬质相组成。显微组织结果表明:CNTs的添加促进了异质形核,有利于硬质相均匀分布,明显细化了熔覆层的显微组织。由于CNTs具有细化晶粒以及提升自润滑性能的作用,适量添加CNTs可提升熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性能。当CNTs的质量分数为0.5%时,熔覆层的显微硬度为1100 HV,摩擦系数为0.3,磨损体积为1.24×10^-4 mm³     

钛合金表面激光熔覆涂层的耐磨性能

为了提高钛合金的表面耐磨性能,采用MXP-2000型销盘式摩擦磨损实验机,以镍包石墨粉末为原材料,利用CO2激光器在TC4合金表面上熔覆耐磨涂层,进行钛合金及激光熔覆涂层的干摩擦磨损实验,并用扫描电镜对磨损表面进行观察和分析。实验结果表明,激光熔覆涂层的摩擦系数为0.56,与钛合金的摩擦系数基本相同,但激光熔覆涂层的磨损失重量比钛合金低接近一个数量级,说明激光熔覆涂层可以大大提高钛合金的表面耐磨性能。TC4合金的磨损机制以粘着磨损为主,激光熔覆涂层的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,涂层的高硬度加上涂层里的TiC增强相是其耐磨性高的主要原因。     

AZ91D镁合金表面激光熔覆Zr-CU-Ni-Al/TiC复合粉末的组织与磨损

为了提高镁合金的磨损性能,采用激光熔覆技术在AZ91D镁合金表面熔覆了Zr-Cu-Ni-Al/TiC复合粉末,制备出TiC和原位合成ZrC共同增强的Zr基非晶复合涂层。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术研究了熔覆层的组织;并利用干滑动磨损方法评价了涂层的耐磨性。研究结果表明,熔覆层组织主要由非晶和金属间化合物组成;在非晶相和金属间化合物复合作用下,熔覆层表现出优异的耐磨性;且随着TiC含量的增加,耐磨性得到进一步的提高。涂层和基材AZ91D的主要磨损机制不同,前者是疲劳剥落和黏着磨损,后者是磨料磨损。     

激光合金化Si3N4/石墨复合涂层及其摩擦学性能研究

在 4 5钢表面激光合金化Si3 N4/石墨复合涂层 ,对合金化层的微观组织结构、显微硬度、元素含量和分布、摩擦磨损性能等进行了分析和实验研究 ,并据此对预涂层材料组成、配比和激光合金化工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明 :激光合金化Si3 N4/石墨复合材料能够获得组织均匀细密、硬度显著提高的合金化层。并且在干摩擦条件下 ,减小了金属表面的摩擦系数 ,提高了耐磨性和抗粘着的能力 ,整个摩擦过程也很稳定     

激光表面合金化制备TiC颗粒增强复合材料微观结构及磨擦学性能研究

To strengthen the wear resistance of AISI321 stainless steel, the TiC carbide-reinforced composite coating was produced by laser surface alloying. The microstructure, microhardness, and wear resistance of the composite coatings were investigated using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) meter, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness tester, and sliding wear tester. The results show that the composite coating is metallurgically bonded to the substrate and the microstructure is fine and uniform. The hardness of the composite coating is up to 400 HV, which is 2.5 times that of the substrate. Under room temperature and oil lubrication condition, the sliding wear tests indicate the friction coefficient and weight loss of the composite coating are smaller than those of substrate. The worn surface of the composite coatings is much smoother than that of the substrate, without grooves and crater. The wear resistance of the material has been greatly improved by laser surface alloying.     

Microtribology of Aqueous Carbon Nanotube Dispersions

The tribological behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in aqueous humic acid (HA) solutions was studied using a surface forces apparatus (SFA) and shows promising lubricant additive properties. Adding CNTs to the solution changes the friction forces between two mica surfaces from “adhesion controlled” to “load controlled” friction. The coefficient of friction with either single‐walled (SW) or multi‐walled (MW) CNT dispersions is in the range 0.30–0.55 and is independent of the load and sliding velocity. More importantly, lateral sliding promotes a redistribution or accumulation, rather than squeezing out, of nanotubes between the surfaces. This accumulation reduced the adhesion between the surfaces (which generally causes wear/damage of the surfaces), and no wear or damage was observed during continuous shearing experiments that lasted several hours even under high loads (pressures ～10 MPa). The frictional properties can be understood in terms of the Cobblestone Model where the friction force is related to the fraction of the adhesion energy dissipated during impacts of the nanoparticles. We also develop a simple generic model based on the van der Waals interactions between particles and surfaces to determine the relation between the dimensions of nanoparticles and their tribological properties when used as additives in oil‐ or water‐based lubricants.     

Properties of amorphous carbon layers for bio-tribological applications

This paper analyses the influence of composition, structure and adhesion of amorphous coatings with high wear resistance, low friction coefficient and good adhesion to coated CrCoMo material for parts of implants. By different deposition techniques, different mechanical and tribological properties were obtained. This work reviews amorphous carbon (a-C) films deposited by magnetron sputtering and diamond-like carbon (DLC) films grown by glow arc discharge technology on CrCoMo substrates. Films were investigated under static load under dry conditions (nanohardness, elastic module), and also with dynamic load (coefficient of friction, wear resistance). The following topics were investigated: surfaces and subsurface properties of a-C films, namely adhesion in connection with different techniques, different film properties in dependence on various technology conditions.     

Design of Nanocomposite Low‐Friction Coatings

Friction and wear between moving surfaces is unavoidable and is an important reason for failure of mechanical components. A wear‐resistant and low‐friction coating can prolong the lifetime of an engineered component. Here we demonstrate a new concept for the design of low‐friction nanocomposite carbide coatings with an intrinsic driving force to form amorphous carbon (C–C bonds). Ti–Al–C has been chosen as a model system, but the idea is general and should be applicable to a wide class of materials. The ability to intrinsically form amorphous carbon is achieved by a substitutional solid solution of the weak‐carbide‐forming metal (Al) into the thermodynamically stable monocarbide (TiC). This creates, in a controllable manner, a driving force for phase separation of carbide particles embedded in a matrix of amorphous carbon. In a tribological contact the amorphous carbon can be further graphitized and thereby lower the friction coefficient. Consequently, the model system has a self‐lubricating mechanism but at the same time a tunable share of the two phases, which gives excellent possibilities to design wear resistance and toughness. In this paper we show that the friction coefficient can be lowered by more than 50 % for Al‐containing TiC coatings without severe loss in mechanical characteristics.     

活塞环离子镀膜的摩擦学性能研究及磨损表面的扫描电镜观察

为了改善发动机活塞环的摩擦学性能和提高其使用寿命 ,采用离子镀技术在活塞环表面制备了CrN硬质膜 ,并利用SRV高温摩擦磨损试验机考察了硬质膜的摩擦学特性 ,用扫描电子显微镜观察了摩擦副的磨损表面形貌 ,分析了磨损机理。研究结果表明离子镀硬质膜的摩擦系数与镀铬层基本一致 ,但磨损量远低于镀铬层的磨损量 ;与两种涂层活塞环配副的缸套试样的磨损量基本相当     

激光熔覆TiCp/NiCrBSi复合涂层的组织与摩擦学性能

应用激光表面改性方法 ,在 4 5 # 钢表面熔覆了TiCp/Ni Cr B Si C复合涂层 ,利用SEM ,TEM分析以及磨损试验 ,研究了复合涂层的组织特点和耐摩擦磨损性能及其影响规律 ,并探讨了添加稀土氧化物改善复合涂层的组织性能及稀土氧化物的作用机制。结果表明 ,TiC颗粒在熔覆层中发生部分溶解和重新析出 ;熔覆层与基体形成交互扩散区 ,在该区中发现 (Fe ,Cr) 2 3 C6碳化物 ,同时还形成大量α和γ微晶 ,局部区域存在Ni Si B Re非晶相。在凝固应力作用下 ,TiC颗粒与粘结金属界面之间存在大量的孪晶和位错。稀土氧化物对复合涂层显微硬度提高幅度不大 ,但能明显地减小复合涂层的摩擦系数 ,显著提高涂层干摩擦磨损状态下的耐磨性。TiC含量为 4 5 %～ 5 0 %时 ,熔覆层具有最佳耐磨性     

激光熔覆Al2O3/CaF2陶瓷基高温自润滑耐磨复合材料涂层组织与耐磨性研究

航空航天、热能、电力工业装备中许多在高温腐蚀性气氛条件下工作的摩擦运动副零部件,不仅要求材料具有优异的高温耐磨性与抗氧化性,同时由于高温条件下无法实现外加润滑而必须具有优异的高温自润滑性能。采用先进的表面工程手段在高温结构材料工件表面制备具有优良高温自润滑性能的先进氧化物陶瓷基高温自润滑耐磨复合材料涂层,是解决上述问题的有效方法之一。本文采用激光熔覆技术上制备出了以氧化物陶瓷Al_2O_3为基、以CaF_2为高温自润滑相的陶瓷基高温自润滑耐磨复合材料涂层,在干滑动磨损试验条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性能。结果表明,激光熔覆Al_2O_3/CaF_2陶瓷基高温自润滑耐磨复合材料中,具有优异高温耐磨性能及高温稳定性的Al_2O_3以片状初生相形式析出形成连续的基体骨架、而具有优异高温自润滑性能的CaF_2则呈球状均匀分布于基体骨架中之间;摩擦磨损试验结果表明,由于激光熔覆Al_2O_3/CaF_2陶瓷基高温自润滑耐磨复合材料集中了Al_2O_3先进氧化物陶瓷材料优异的高温耐磨性、高温抗氧化性及CaF_2高温自润滑相的优异高温自润滑性能,激光熔覆Al_2O_3/CaF_2陶瓷基高温自润滑耐磨复合材料涂层具有优异的摩擦学性能,同激光熔覆Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层相比,激光熔覆Al_2O_3/CaF_2陶瓷基高温自润滑耐磨复合材料