采用多通道直冷板的两相循环冷却系统实验研究

本文搭建了以R1233zd(E)为工质的多通道直冷板两相循环冷却系统,并在冷凝温度为10、15、20 ℃,质量通量147~882 kg/(m2?s),热流密度7.73~39.75 kW/m2工况下对系统热力学循环和冷却性能进行实验研究。实验结果表明：质量通量上升,出口制冷剂焓值降低,热流密度上升,蒸发压力与出口制冷剂焓值升高。不同热流密度下冷板壁面温度随质量通量的变化趋势有所不同：当热流密度为7.73 kW/m2时,制冷剂质量通量由147 kg/(m2?s)增至735 kg/(m2?s),最大温差由2.9 K降至1.6 K;当热流密度为39.75 kW/m2时,最大温差由3.6 K增至5.2 K。不同质量通量下,换热系数随热流密度增加有不同幅度的升高：质量通量为147 kg/(m2?s)时,换热系数由1 843 W/(m2?K)增至4 528 W/(m2?K);而质量通量为588 kg/(m2?s)时,在相同条件下换热系数由1 536 W/(m2?K)增至3 569 W/(m2?K)。     

谐振筒式液体密度传感器的设计

短筒谐振式密度传感器是以短筒谐振管为核心,基于正反馈原理,由激振元件、拾振元件、谐振子和放大电路组成的高品质闭环谐振系统．采用有限元法分析方法,研究计算了圆筒谐振子的静力学特性和模态响应等动力学特性;设计了短筒谐振管传感器和闭环振荡电路及单片机信号处理系统;分析了温度、压力、黏度等因素对测量结果的影响,对传感器进行了标定,并采用温度补偿方法提高了传感器的测量精度．实验表明20℃时传感器测量结果的不确定度为0.96kg／m3．圆筒谐振燃油密度传感器测量精度达到0.4kg,m3．     

温室气体全球变暖潜值的实验法评测

本文通过搭建模拟温室气体与大气中OH自由基等活性物种反应的实验装置,研究其大气化学特性,进而对全球变暖潜值(GWP)等环境影响指标进行评测。采用此装置,通过相对速率法测定了常见制冷剂1,1-二氟乙烷(R152a)与OH自由基在298 K和272 K的反应速率常数分别为(2.0±0.1)×104m3/(mol·s)和(1.37±0.02)×104m3/(mol·s),同时得到其红外吸收光谱。根据测试结果并利用现有计算模型得到大气寿命为1.4 a,辐射效率(RE)为8.4×10-12W/(m2·kg),20、100、500 a GWP分别为:474、129、37,与IPCC-AR5报告中的数据差异小于7%(测试误差范围内)。     

蒸发式冷凝器传热传质性能研究

建立单级压缩制冷循环蒸发式冷凝器实验台,研究逆流状态下,迎面风速和喷淋密度对传热传质的性能影响。通过调节水泵和风机的频率改变风水量的配比关系,得出蒸发式冷凝器的传热传质性能变化情况。分析数据得出,当迎面风速为2.96 m/s,喷淋密度为0.057 kg/(m·s)时,总传热系数达最优值628 W/(m2·K),传质系数随风速的增大而增大,随喷淋密度的变化不明显。此外,通过实验数据回归得到传质系数计算关联式。     

风致振动能量采集器驱动的无线风速传感器

针对气象观测、煤矿/隧道/通风管道运行状况监测等的需求,设计了一个由带谐振腔的风能采集器供电的无线风速传感器,该无线传感器包括两个带谐振腔的风能采集器,其中一个用于风能采集,另一个用于风速测量。当风速在特定区间变化时,采集器将发生强烈振动,将风能转换为电能。由于采集器的振动频率随风速单调递减,因此在建立采集器振动频率与风速的关系后,通过测量振动频率就可以实现对风速的测量。实验结果表明,自供能无线风速传感器在8.5~12.1m/s风速范围内可以正常工作,灵敏度为1.45Hz·s/m,当风速为12.1m/s时,自供能无线风速传感器每隔30s可以测量并发送一次风速信息,基本可以满足通风管道运行状况监测的要求。     

一种用于复杂环境下的高精度微型谐振式压力传感器北大核心CSCD

微谐振式压力传感器因其体积小、精度高等特点而被广泛研究,本文基于谐振器在不同压力载荷下侧向振动时其等效刚度随轴向应力的改变而变化的原理,设计了一种静电激励/电容检测的谐振式压力传感器。本设计采用的谐振器结构与现有研究不同,通过在谐振梁的两边设计了两根侧梁用于抑制谐振器的Z向位移,提高了传感器的稳定性,并且双面梳齿结构和复合温敏梁可进一步优化传感器检测灵敏度等性能。在ANSYS WORKBENCH仿真平台下对其进行分析与验证,结果表明:侧梁可有效地抑制谐振器的Z向位移,在0~100 MPa范围内谐振器具有良好的正向应力特性;传感器基础谐振频率为29.834 kHz,在0~120 kPa范围内灵敏度可达29.6Hz/kPa,且最大过压1.5×FS时仍具备频率稳定性,这表明该传感器可应用于对灵敏度、抗过压等性能有更高要求的复杂环境中。     

新型300Hz环路双作用热声发动机的系统性能分析和输出特性

提出了一种利用质量片和弹性膜谐振的300 Hz环路双作用热声发动机。利用该谐振系统取代谐振管能有效降低系统尺寸,使发动机具有结构紧凑、能量密度高的优点。基于热声理论优化设计了这一新型发动机,系统考察了无负载和外接负载情况下主要物理参数对发动机性能的影响。当负载阻抗实部为4.15×108Pa·s/m3,虚部为-3×107Pa·s/m3,单元输入加热功率为1 k W、平均压力为4 MPa时,能获得最高的热声转换效率为35.3%、负载处压比为1.31。     

纳米金修饰乙酰胆碱酯酶生物传感器 快速检测农药马拉松研究

以纳米金和乙酰胆碱酯酶修饰自制的纳米多孔类碳糊电极(nanoPPCPE),制备了一种新型纳米多孔乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)生物电化学传感器。并根据有机磷酯类农药对AChE的特征性抑制机理,将该传感器应用于农药马拉松的检测中。实验结果表明:加入金纳米粒子做信号放大元后,传感器的峰电流大幅度增加;马拉松检测的最佳温育时间为14 min;以制备的ACh E传感器检测马拉松农药,当马拉松的质量浓度在1.0×10~(-10)~1.0×10~(-13)g/m L范围内时,酶的抑制率与其浓度的负对数值呈现出良好的线性关系,其线性方程为I=19.43C-181.4,C=-lg(ρ/(g·m L~(-1))),线性相关系数R=0.996,最低检测限为5.0×10~(-14)g/m L。     

静电悬浮加速度计敏感结构的热噪声分析

分析了影响静电悬浮加速度计分辨率的辐射计效应、热辐射压力、气体黏滞阻力3种热加速度噪声的产生机理,定量分析了一定条件下3种热噪声的影响,提出了通过温控减小加速度计质量块周围的温度梯度,以及提高加速度计敏感结构内部真空度等措施,以减小加速度计的热噪声.对用于低低卫-卫跟踪(SST-LL)重力测量的静电悬浮加速度计(其在10-4～10-1Hz的测量频带内精度为1×10-9m·s-/√Hz),如果加速度计敏感结构内部的真空度为5 ×10-4pa,则敏感结构周围的温度噪声必须控制在0.K/√Hz以内.     

矿用氧气传感器信号传输误差测量结果的不确定度评定

正一、概述1.测量依据JJG1087-2013《矿用氧气检测报警仪检定规程》。2.测量环境温度:15℃~35℃;相对湿度≤85%;周围环境应无影响仪器正常工作的气体和电磁场干扰。3.测量设备氮中氧气体标准物质、频率计(量程为0~1000kHz;分辨力:1Hz;频率稳定度不大于1×10-6)。4.测量对象电化学原理的矿用氧气传感器,测量范围:氧的     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.