Multilayer films of CoCrTa for perpendicular recording media

Multilayer structures of alternate magnetic and non-magnetic CoCrTa alloys have been prepared in which the magnetic properties can be widely varied by changing the magnetic layer and interlayer thicknesses, In this way, one example has shown that enhanced perpendicular anisotropy can be achieved as demonstrated by an increase in perpendicular coercivity Hc(perp) and a decrease in longitudinal coercivity Hc(&dlor.). This condition is desirable for application in perpendicular recording media. In addition, a second example has shown that by using much thinner layers (≃15 nm) it is possible to produce a structure in which the magnetization is longitudinal with a very low coereivity of 1.5 Oe. Such soft magnetic films with high Ms and low Hc(&dlor.) can be used as underlayers for perpendicular recording media in order to enhance the efficiency of pole heads.     

Magnetic properties of evaporated CoCr films

Perpendicular magnetic CoCr films were prepared on glass substrates using electron beam evaporation. The magnetic properties depend strongly on the substrate temperature, Ts. The anisotropy field,H_{k}^{eff}, and the perpendicular coercivity, Hc(perp) show maximum values at Tsaround 250°C. In this case, the alignment of c-axis is optimal and the grain size is smallest. The lattice spacing of the c-planes increases wlth Tsuntil 300°C. When the films prepared below 200°C were annealed around 300°C in high vacuum, the saturation magnetization, Ms, increased. The value of Ms, however, decrease by annealing above 400°C. In spite of the decrease of Msdue to the annealing above 400°C,H_{k}^{eff}and Hc(perp) increase by annealing above 400°C. If the films were bombarded by argon ions during film growth, Msdecreased and the internal stress changed from tensile to compressive. For low substrate temperature (below 150°C),H_{k}^{eff}decreased due to ion bombardment.     

The effect of surface modification on the magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 nano-particles synthesized by the hydrothermal method

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nano-particles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method with the addition of a surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulphosuccinate (AOT). Characterization measurements including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that all the final products were single-phase CoFe2O4 nano-crystals with AOT molecules bonding to the surfaces, the average crystallite sizes were all near 25 nm, and the lattice constant increased with the increasing mass of AOT. The magnetic hysteresis loops measured at room temperature indicated that the bonding of the AOT to the surfaces led to an increase of the saturation magnetization (Ms), the coercivity (Hc) and the remanence ratio (Mr/Ms). Furthermore, as the concentration of AOT reached the critical micelle concentration (CMC), turning points were observed in the the curves of Hc, Mr/Ms and K(eff) (effective magnetic anisotropy constants) versus. the mass of AOT due to the formation of the AOT micelles.     

Microstructures and magnetic anisotropy of single-layered Fe-Pt alloy films by in-situ annealing

The single-layered Fe-Pt films with thickness of 30 nm are in-situ deposited directly on Si substrate at various substrate temperatures (Ts) of 350 to 590 degrees C. As the Fe-Pt film is sputtered at substrate temperature is 350 degrees C, it shows (111) preferred orientation and tends to in-plane magnetic anisotropy. The L1(0) Fe-Pt film with (001) texture is obtained and exhibited perpendicular magnetic anisotropy as the substrate temperature is increased to 470 degrees C. The perpendicular coercivity (Hc perpendicular), saturation magnetization (Ms) and perpendicular squareness (S perpendicular) of this film are 6.9 kOe, 674 emu/cm3 and 0.89, respectively, which reveal its significant potential as perpendicular magnetic recording media.     

Magnetism and Its Dependence on Annealing Temperature for Sputtered Co/Cu Multilayers

Magnetism and its dependence on annealing temperature for r.f. sputtered Co/Cu multilayers have been investigated. It was found that the easy magnetization axes of the films are paralIel to the substrate and the magnetic properties of both as-sputtered and annealed multilayers are isotropic in the film plane. The coercive field Hc is 4.8 kA/m and the ratio of remanence-tosaturation magnetization Mi/M is about 0.73 for as-sputtered samples. Both Hc and Mr/Ms increase with increasing annealing temperatures, especially when annealing temperatures are higher than 400℃. These experimental results can be interpreted using the ferromagnetic exchange coupling and the pinning theory of the coercivity     

The effect of thickness on the texture and magnetic properties of single-layered FePt films by rapid thermal annealing

The single-layered FePt films with thickness in the range of 5 to 50 nm are deposited directly on Si(100) substrate without underlayer, then post annealed at 700 degrees C by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) technique. As the film thickness of FePt is over 20 nm, the L1(0) FePt(111) preferred orientation is presented and tended to in-plane magnetic anisotropy. However, the L1(0) FePt(001) texture is obtained and exhibited perpendicular magnetic anisotropy as the film thickness is decreased to 10 nm. Its perpendicular coercivity (Hc(perpendicular)), saturation magnetization (Ms) and perpendicular squareness (S(perpendicular)) are 14.8 kOe, 795 emu/cm3 and 0.79, respectively. On the other hand, both the grain size and domain size of FePt film decrease with decreasing the film thickness of FePt. The grain size for 10-nm FePt film is as small as 9.7 nm with domain size of 123 nm, which reveal its significant potential as perpendicular magnetic recording media for ultra high-density recording.     

Experimental Characterization of Hybrid Temperature and Frequency Effects on the Performance of Transformers on Silicon Substrate

We have performed an experimental characterization of hybrid temperature and frequency effects on the performance of on-chip square transformers. Using measured two-port S-parameters at different temperatures, we extracted and compared the maximum available gain$G_max$and fractional power loss$P_ loss$in each of three transformers (with turn numbers of$N = 2, 3$, and$4$of the primary and secondary spirals, respectively). We found that, as temperature increases, the transformer performance degrades significantly. This is caused by the increase in the conductive loss of metal tracks and the dielectric loss of silicon substrate. However, beyond a certain temperature, such as at 418 K in the case of$ N=4$, further increase in temperature has little effect on performance, mainly because of the constitutive characteristics of silicon substrate. In addition, the decrease in$G_max$and increase in$P_ loss$with temperature depend on the number of turns.     

微波法合成Co1-xNix/MWCNTs纳米复合材料及磁性研究

采用微波法在不加表面活性剂的条件下合成碳纳米管负载组成可控的Co1-xNix/MWCNTs(x=0.2、0.5、0.6、0.8)纳米复合材料,通过XRD、TEM、SAED和EDX等技术进行表征,用VSM测试了样品的磁性.结果表明,Co1-xNix纳米粒子均匀地负载在碳纳米管表面;当x=0.2、0.5、0.6、0.8时,...     

Control of coercive force of Co-Cr sputtered films

The role of c-axis orientation of the crystallites in the sputtered Co-Cr thin films has been investigated aiming for the control of the coercive force of the film. It has been confirmed that the c-axis orientation plays a very important role to control the coercive force, Hcperpand Hcparellel. When the c-axis of the film is well oriented, only Hcperpchanges with the increase of the substrate temperature Ts leaving Hcparellelrather constant. However, both Hcperpand Hcparellelchange together with the increase of Ts when the film is poorly oriented. It has been considered that Ts is only the factor adjustable for controlling Hc of the films, but the results in this study indicate that the c-axis orientation is the another factor to control Hcperpand Hcparellel, separately.     

Microstructure and magnetic property of M-type SrRe(x)Fe(12-x)O19 by sol-gel method

Magnetoplumbite-type (M-type) SrRE(x)Fe(12-x)O19 (RE = La and Ce, x = 0-1.0) powders were prepared by a citric acid sol-gel technique and subsequent heat treatment. The crystal structure, grain size and magnetic properties were investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD patterns show that SrRE(x)Fe(12-x)O19 (RE = La and Ce) are mainly hexagonal magnetic plumbite structure, and the average grain size of 30-40 nm was calculated using the Scherer's equation based on the XRD spectrum. Substitution of Fe ion by the rare earth La ion causes a significant decrease in intrinsic coercivity (Hc) and a slight decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms) as shown in the magnetization hysteresis loops. However, the Hc rises gradually in a small wave pattern with the increase of doping content of the rare earth Ce. The relation between the crystal structure and magnetic properties was also studied in this work.     

Bulk magnetic studies on Cu–Mg–Zn ferrites

The ferrite compositions of Cu(0.5-x)MgxZn0.5Fe2O4 were synthesized by thermal decomposition of the solid solution of oxalate complexes obtained by the coprecipitation technique using oxalate precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all the samples showed a single spinel phase with no detectable impurity phases. The magnetization values were measured by the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) technique and the observed variation in magnetization values is attributed to porosity present in these ferrite compositions. The saturation magnetization (Ms) versus temperature curves revealed the curve to be of type Q. The variation of saturation magnetization (Ms) with temperature (T) for composition x=0.25 and x=0.40 exhibited a type Q-curve at a higher field of 1000 G. The monotonic increase in Hc with grain diameter for ferrite compositions under investigation leads to HcD-1. Saturation magnetization (Ms) values of end ferrites sintered at 1000 °C are higher than those of oxalate complexes decomposed at 600 °C. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

锶废渣直接制备锶钡铁氧体材料研究

以重庆市大足区天青石锶废渣为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制备了锶钡铁氧体(SrxBa1-xFe12O19).通过XRD、SEM对锶钡铁氧体进行表征,探究沉淀p H值、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对锶钡铁氧体物相组成、微观形貌的影响.实验结果表明,在沉淀pH值为12、焙烧温度900℃、焙烧时间2 h的条件下,制备出的锶钡铁氧体无杂相且呈...     

Cr migration in CoNiTa/Cr films by annealing

CoNiTa/Cr double-layered films for longitudinal magnetic recording media have been prepared by using the facing targets sputtering apparatus. Substrate heating and postannealing were performed in order to increase the coercive force H_c. While the as-deposited film at the substrate temperature T_s of 400°C had H_c of 780 Oe, the films deposited at T_s of room temperature, exposed to atmosphere, and annealed at 400°C, had H_c as high as 1700 Oe. It has been found that the same amount of Cr atoms migrated from the underlayer to the magnetic layer and the vicinity of the film surface. Consequently, such a large increase of H_c seemed to be caused by isolation of magnetic grains by Cr atoms in their boundaries     

Synthesis and characterization of Fe/Nd2O3 core-shell nanoparticles by hydrogen plasma-metal reaction

Fe/Nd2O3 core-shell nanoparticles (CSNs) with a mean diameter of 35 nm were produced successfully by using hydrogen plasma-metal reaction (HPMR) method. This core-shell structure was confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectral (XPS), and induction-coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. The magnetic properties were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It was found that the mole ratio of Nd to Fe on the nanoparticle surface is 1.2:1, about 7 times of that of the whole nanoparticle. The saturation magnetization Ms and remanence Mr of Fe/Nd2O3 nanoparticles decrease prominently from Fe nanoparticles, whereas the coercivity Hc drops only less than 5% of Fe nanoparticle. These CSNs have potential applications in magnetic and catalytic fields.     

碳包裹纳米铁粒子的制备及其磁性研究

以离子交换树脂(D113)为碳源,与二价铁离子交换后形成含金属的前驱体(Fe/D113),经400～700℃热解制备了碳包裹纳米铁粒子.用XRD、HRTEM等技术对热解产物的形貌和结构进行了分析表征,初步分析了其形成机理并用VSM研究了热解产物的磁性能.结果表明:Fe/D113的热稳定性要强于D113;400～700℃的热解产物中铁的晶体结构与热解温度有关,且热解产物中的纳米铁粒子的粒径随热解温度的升高而增大.磁性能研究表明,400℃热解产物具有超顺磁特性,500～700℃热解产物的矫顽力Hc均远大于相应的块体铁,并与产物中纳米铁粒子的尺寸有关;所有热解产物比饱和磁化强度Ms小于相应的块体材料,并随其中纳米铁粒子尺寸的增大而增加.     

NdFe_(7-x)Mo_x薄膜的制备和磁性研究

利用对向靶溅射，同时对基片进行退火处理的方法，在玻璃基片上成功地制备出了NdFe7-xMox（x=0，0．5）薄膜，并对其进行了磁性研究。VSM测量结果表明，Mo掺入导致了材料矫顽力Hc的增大，却相应降低了饱和磁化强度Ms。随着退火温度T的提高，Hc随之增大，当T=573K时，出现一极大值为37．8kA／m，此时的热磁测量表明，样品具有最高居里温度，Tc=775K。     

纳米Ni-20Fe 颗粒增韧Al2O3复合材料的力学性能与磁性能

用机械化学及热压烧结方法成功制备了高致密Ni-20Fe/ Al₂O₃ 纳米复合材料。通过X2ray、FE-SEM、力学性能、磁性能测试, 结果表明, 复合后材料断裂韧性从纯α2Al₂O₃ 相的4. 7 MPa·m1/2 提高到6. 2 MPa·m1/2(19 % (Ni-20Fe) / Al₂O₃ ) , 断裂方式有沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂两种。当Ni-20Fe 合金的体积百分数达到19 %时, 复合材料的饱和磁化强度达33 emu/ g , 矫顽力为200 Oe , 且在低于500 ℃的情况下, 矫顽力基本不随温度而变, 具有良好的磁热稳定性。      

锶磁性光催化剂的制备和表征

以自制碳酸锶(SrCO3)和钛酸丁酯为原料,采用超声波技术制备了以锶铁氧体(SrFe12O19)为载体的锶磁性光催化剂(TiO2-SrFe12O19)。采用XRD、IR、VSM、N2吸附实验等手段研究了催化剂的表面性质和磁学特性。结果表明,该催化剂的平均晶粒尺寸在20～30nm之间,比表面积为44.8m2/g,平均孔径为7.09nm,属于介孔磁性材料;饱和磁化强度(Ms)为12.9A.m2/kg,矫顽力(Hc)为120.9kA/m,易于磁分离和重复利用。催化剂对亚甲基蓝(MB)的催化降解脱除率为94.7%,且重复使用3次,催化降解效率不低于88%,表明催化性能稳定,重复使用效果良好。     

Microfluidic synthesis of Fe nanoparticles

A microfluidic reactor process is demonstrated for the synthesis of worm-like Fe nanoparticles (NPs) at room temperature. These high aspect ratio shaped Fe NPs can be further transformed into large ellipsoid species with refined crystal structures and increased aggregation by way of a sonication process, evidenced by their transmission electron microscope (TEM) images, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption near K-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS). Due to the compensation effects on the magnetic properties of NPs from their increased size, enhanced magnetic coupling, refined crystal structure and the reduced aspect ratio, the sonication-treated Fe NPs show a slightly enlarged coercivity (Hc), an enhanced saturation magnetization (Ms) and a slight suppress in the increased blocking temperature (Tb).     

CuO对LiZn铁氧体微观结构和磁性能的影响

采用氧化物陶瓷工艺在1000～1160℃制备掺CuO的LiZn铁氧体Li0.35Zn0.3Fe2.35O4.结果表明,在1000～1100℃烧结时适量的CuO可促进固相反应和晶粒生长,降低烧结温度,提高样品的密度、饱和磁化强度4πMs和剩磁Br,降低矫顽力Hc.在1130℃烧结时,CuO基本无助烧作用,且增加CuO含量出现异常晶粒长大现象.在1160℃烧结时,样品内部形成巨晶,虽有利于降低Hc,但导致Br明显下降.