以多条离散曲线为测地线构造离散曲面

为了解决CAD中逆向主动设计问题,提出以任意多条空间离散曲线为测地线构造离散曲面的算法.首先通过密切圆思想离散化曲线相关几何变量;其次利用局部插值思想和测地线蕴涵特征,推导出满足约束条件的离散曲面公式;最后给出以B样条为度量函数的离散曲面构造公式.逆向主动设计实例表明,该算法是可行的并有较强的交互性,可以通过调整B样条度量函数的节点向量或控制顶点来调节曲面形状,设计出满足各种不同需求的曲面,在服装、鞋帽、义齿设计等领域有很好的应用前景.     

B样条曲面的双向插值造型算法

基于Coons-Gordon造型原理,研究了插值两族相交截面线采样点的B样条曲面双向插值造型算法。参数化各采样点并计算每条截面线的节点矢量,估算每条截面线对应的曲面参数,根据每条截面线的节点分布以及另一族截面线对应的曲面参数统一节点矢量。分别插值两族截面线采样点及其公共点得到三张B样条曲面,其布尔和即为插值两族截面线采样点的B样条插值曲面。实例表明,得到的双向插值曲面控制顶点数少,光顺性好。     

集逼近插值于一体的分段3次多项式曲线曲面

为了用一种模型实现逼近与插值的统一,在多项式函数空间上构造了含两组参数的混合函数,并由之定义了基于四点分段的多项式曲线和相应的张量积曲面。当参数取特殊值时,新曲线曲面成为3次均匀B样条曲线曲面。除了继承B样条方法的局部性,自动光滑性等优点之外,新曲线曲面还具有局部形状可调性。限制混合函数中参数的取值范围,可以使新曲线曲面位于控制顶点的凸包内。让混合函数中的一组参数取特定值,可以使新曲线曲面自动插值除边界点以外的控制顶点,且插值曲线曲面的形状依然局部可调。给出了一些曲线曲面图例。     

拟三次三角样条插值曲线与曲面

在构造插值曲线与曲面时,传统的方法多基于多项式函数空间,而基于三角函数空间也能构造插值曲线与曲面.首先基于函数空间Ω =span{1,sint,cost,sin2t,cos2t}构造了一种样条插值曲线与曲面,称之为拟三次三角样条插值曲线与曲面.该曲线与曲面不仅满足C2连续,而且直接插值于给定的控制顶点,避免了通过方程组反求控制顶点.进一步地,为了使所构造的拟三角样条插值曲线与曲面具有局部可调性,利用奇异混合技术在拟三次三角样条插值曲线与曲面中引入了局部形状参数,修改某些形状参数的取值可实现对插值曲线与曲面的局部调整,为样条插值曲线与曲面的构造提供了两种新方法.     

过测地线的调和Bézier曲面设计

极小曲面和测地线是建筑几何领域中2类重要的几何元素,而调和曲面常作为极小曲面的一种线性近似.文中将测地线和调和曲面结合起来,提出一种过给定测地线的调和Bézier曲面设计方法.首先给出了一种构造调和Bézier曲面的新方法,证明了调和Bézier曲面的形状由第一层和第二层的控制顶点完全决定;然后根据测地线的性质,证明了过给定测地线的调和Bézier曲面的形状由该测地线和第二层的首末2个控制顶点完全决定.最后通过若干实例验证了该方法的有效性.文中方法充分利用了测地线和调和曲面的特殊几何性质,对张拉膜建筑结构的几何设计具有一定的实用价值.     

带B样条曲率线的NURBS曲面设计

为了满足产品设计的需要,提出一种NURBS曲面设计算法用于构造插值曲率线的曲面.首先利用给定已知曲线作为公共曲率线的等参曲面束的表达式、B样条的导矢公式和2个B样条的乘积理论,给出以一条非均匀B样条曲线作为公共曲率线的等参曲面束的显式表达式;然后讨论插值曲面可用NURBS精确表示的必要条件,并给出2种表达式,得出以一条非均匀B样条平面曲线作为公共曲率线的曲面束的NURBS精确表达式,以及控制顶点的计算式.通过实例展示了曲面设计效果,表明算法是可行的.     

高阶连续的形状可调三角多项式曲线曲面

目的目前使用的B样条曲线曲面存在着高连续阶与高局部调整性两者无法兼而有之的不足,且B样条曲线曲面的形状被控制顶点和节点向量唯一确定,这些因素影响着B样条方法的几何设计效果与方便性。本文旨在克服这种局限,以期构造具有高次B样条方法的高连续阶,低次B样条方法的高局部调整性,以及有理B样条方法权因子决定的形状调整性的曲线曲面。方法在三角函数空间上构造了一组含参数的调配函数,进而定义具有与3次B样条曲线曲面相同结构的新曲线与张量积曲面。结果新曲线曲面继承了B样条方法的凸包性、对称性、几何不变性等诸多性质。不同的是,同样是基于4点分段,3次均匀B样条曲线C2连续,而对于等距节点,在一般情况下,新曲线C5连续,当参数取特殊值时可达C7连续。新曲线在C5连续的情况下存在1个形状参数,能较好地调整曲线的形状同时又无须改变控制顶点。另外,将形状参数设为特定值,新曲线可以自动插值给定点列。新曲面具有与新曲线相应的优点。结论在强局部性下实现高阶连续性的形状可调分段组合曲线曲面,为高阶光滑曲线曲面的设计提供了可能,并且新曲线实现了逼近与插值的统一表示,能较好地应用于工程实际。调配函数的构造方法具有一般性,可用相同方式构造其他具有类似性质的调配函数。     

利用控制顶点插值的光滑B样条曲线构造方法

针对非均匀采样点拟合时的光滑B样条曲线构造问题,提出一种基于已知控制顶点和节点向量求解未知控制顶点来构造光滑B样条曲线的方法.首先对所有控制顶点进行基函数极值参数化,再将已知控制顶点作为型值点进行光滑样条曲线插值,并在此曲线上通过利用参数化结果求值得到未知控制顶点.该方法通过控制顶点所在曲线的光顺性提高最终生成曲线的连...     

带形状参数三角B样条曲线曲面及其应用

针对样条曲线曲面构造及其在图像放缩中的应用问题,在三角函数空间{1,t,sint,cost,sin2 t,cos2 t}中构造一类带有形状参数的三角B样条基函数,并定义相应的三角B样条曲线和曲面,分析该曲线曲面的性质以及形状参数对曲线曲面形状的调节作用。拓宽形状参数的取值,构造了满足C2连续且可以直接插值控制顶点的三角B样条插值曲线和曲面,并将其应用于图像放缩中。实例说明了所构造的三角B样条曲线曲面在曲线曲面造型和图像放缩方面有较好应用。     

可展曲面上G^2连续的曲线插值方法

根据微分几何理论,给出一种可展曲面上G2连续的曲线插值算法.构造一等距对应将可展曲面展成平面,从而将原问题转化为通常的平面上的曲线插值问题.在R2上利用二次三角B样条曲线插值型值点列,无需反算控制顶点,证明了所得的可展曲面上的插值曲线是G2连续的.理论推导和实例均表明,该算法具有推广应用的广阔前景.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.