WO_3/SBA-15催化剂的制备及其氧化脱硫性能

以介孔SBA-15分子筛为载体,采用两种不同钨源(H_2WO_4和H_2C_2O_4、H_2WO_4和H_2O_2)通过浸渍法制备了WO_3/SBA-15催化剂;采用X射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱法对介孔SBA-15分子筛和WO_3/SBA-15催化剂进行了表征;以硫含量为500μg/g的模拟汽油为原料进行氧化脱硫反应,反应后油相用1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮萃取,考察了萃取剂用量、催化剂用量、氧化反应温度和反应时间对脱硫率的影响。表征结果显示,WO_3/SBA-15催化剂有规则的二维六方介孔结构,WO_3在载体上高度分散。实验结果表明,以H_2WO_4和H_2C_2O_4为钨源制备的WO_3/SBA-15催化剂的脱硫效果较好,在反应温度320 K、反应时间120 min、模拟汽油60 mL、催化剂用量0 12 g、双氧水0.57 mL、萃取剂与模拟汽油体积比0.50、萃取时间5 min的条件下,脱硫率可达94.05%。     

WO_3-ZSM-5/MCM-41用于FCC汽油催化氧化脱硫工艺研究

利用钨酸对ZSM-5/MCM-41复合分子筛载体进行改性,制备WO3-ZSM-5/MCM-41(10%)催化剂。该催化剂具有明显的MCM-41介孔特征峰和适宜的孔容和孔径。以H2O2为氧化剂,甲醇为助剂,去离子水和甲醇为萃取剂,考察WO3-ZSM-5/MCM-41催化氧化FCC汽油脱硫的工艺条件。结果表明:FCC汽油20mL,三氧化钨负载量为10%,剂油质量比1∶50,反应温度60℃,反应时间120min,脱硫率可达67.35。     

催化裂化汽油光化学氧化脱硫

以水为萃取剂、空气中的O2为氧化剂、500W高压汞灯为紫外光光源,研究了催化裂化(FCC)汽油光化学氧化反应的机理和氧化产物,考察了反应条件对FCC汽油脱硫率的影响。实验结果表明,FCC汽油中的极性含硫化合物首先部分溶于水相中,然后在水相中被氧化。在空气通入量为150mL/min、水与FCC汽油的体积比为1.0的条件下,反应5h后FCC汽油脱硫率达40.6%,加入0.45g4A分子筛作为O2的吸附剂后FCC汽油脱硫率提高到70.2%。FCC汽油的光化学氧化反应为一级动力学反应,加入4A分子筛时的反应速率常数为0.217 4h-1,半衰期为3.18h。FCC汽油光化学氧化反应的主要产物为亚砜和砜,并进一步生成CO2、草酸、SO24-等。     

WO3-SBA-15/ZSM-5的制备及催化氧化-萃取脱硫性能研究

在水热条件下采用后合成法制备SBA-15/ZSM-5复合分子筛,并以其为载体,负载钨酸对其改性,制备WO3(钨质量分数为10％)-SBA-15/ZSM-5催化剂,进行XRD、SEM、N2吸附-脱附表征。结果表明,钨酸均匀负载在SBA-15/ZSM-5复合分子筛上,同时具备介孔SBA-15和微孔ZSM-5的性质。以正辛烷-噻吩为模型油进行催化氧化-萃取脱硫实验,对相转移催化剂、萃取剂、转速进行考察。研究表明,模型油20 mL,剂油比1:70(催化剂与模型油的质量比),反应温度70 ℃,反应时间120 min,0.08 g四丁基溴化铵,转速为300 r/min,复合萃取剂为二甲基亚砜和水,此时脱硫率可达到85.48％。     

TiO_2/SBA-15光催化氧化汽油脱硫的研究

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体、钛酸四正丁酯为钛源,采用浸渍法制备TiO2/SBA-15催化剂,通过XRD、N2吸附-脱附等手段对吸附剂的结构进行分析,结果表明,所制备的TiO2/SBA-15样品仍保留着母体SBA-15的结构。以含噻吩的异辛烷溶液作为模拟汽油,以质量分数为30%的H2O2为氧化剂、TiO2/SBA-15为催化剂,在紫外灯照射下对模拟汽油进行催化氧化脱硫,通过静态实验确定了反应的最佳工艺条件,即反应温度50℃、反应时间120min、催化剂用量2g/L、H2O2与噻吩摩尔比8.5∶1,在该条件下,模拟汽油的脱硫率可达88.2%,表明TiO2/SBA-15具有很高的光催化氧化脱硫性能。     

WO3-TiO2/SBA-15的光催化氧化柴油脱硫性能

以钛酸四正丁酯为钛源、钨酸钠为钨源、SBA-15为催化剂载体,采用孔道内水解法制备WO3-TiO2/SBA-15样品并用XRD、BET进行表征,并将其应用于模拟柴油的光催化氧化脱硫实验,考察催化剂用量、n（O）/n（S、反应温度、反应时间等对光催化氧化脱硫的影响。结果表明：在催化剂用量为4 g/L、n（O）/n（S）为8、反应温度为50 ℃、反应时间为2 h的条件下,模拟柴油的脱硫率可达87.9%,催化剂重复使用5次后脱硫率仍可达到64.9%。表明WO3-TiO2/SBA-15催化剂具有较好的光催化氧化脱硫性能和再生性能。     

磷钼杂多酸离子液体在FCC汽油催化氧化脱硫中的应用

合成了一种磷钼杂多酸离子液体[HMIM]3PMo12O40催化剂,将其用于FCC汽油催化氧化脱硫过程,考察了催化氧化时间、H2O2用量、催化剂用量及反应温度对模拟汽油脱硫率的影响;在最佳工艺条件下,考察了该催化剂对FCC汽油的脱硫效果。结果表明：当催化氧化时间为90 min、反应温度为60 ℃、n(催化剂)/n(S)=0.04、n(H2O2)/n(S)=4时,模拟汽油脱硫率可达91.6%;FCC汽油的脱硫率为87.8%,且催化剂有较好的循环使用性能,前4次循环使用的平均脱硫率为84.9%。     

水热法制备WO3微米棒及其催化脱除二苯并噻吩研究

以钨酸钠和硝酸铵为原料采用水热法制备WO3微米棒。以WO3微米棒为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,对模拟油中的二苯并噻吩(DBT)进行催化氧化脱硫研究,考察不同的反应条件对DBT脱除效果的影响,确定适宜的反应条件。结果表明：H2O2/WO3/十六烷基三甲基溴化铵体系对DBT具有较高的脱除率;对于5 mL DBT质量分数为500 μg/g的模拟油,适宜的反应条件为：催化剂WO3纳米棒的用量0.01 g、n(H2O2)/n(DBT)=8、反应温度70 ℃、反应时间1.5 h、萃取剂N-N-二甲基甲酰胺加入量8 mL、萃取时间5 min,在该条件下DBT的脱除率为100%;催化剂循环使用5次后,DBT的脱除率没有明显下降。     

硫酸亚铁/异丁醛/甲酸/过氧化氢体系FCC汽油深度氧化脱硫

 采用硫酸亚铁/异丁醛/甲酸/过氧化氢体系对催化裂化(FCC)汽油进行了深度氧化脱硫研究。考察了该氧化体系中双氧水用量、硫酸亚铁用量、异丁醛用量、甲酸用量、反应温度和反应时间对FCC汽油氧化脱硫的影响。结果表明,采用该氧化体系可以增强FCC汽油氧化脱硫效果,氧化50mL FCC汽油的最佳操作条件为反应温度60℃、异丁醛1 mL、硫酸亚铁0.05g、双氧水5mL、甲酸5mL、乙腈萃取剂、乙腈/汽油体积比为1。在该条件下,30min内FCC汽油的脱硫率可达92.39%。     

Nb-SBA-15的制备及催化氧化脱硫的研究

以纯硅介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,铌酸为铌源,采用后合成法制备了催化剂Nb-SBA-15,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、BET分析、差热分析对所制样品进行了表征。以异辛烷的二苯并噻吩溶液为模拟汽油,对介孔分子筛催化剂Nb-SBA-15的制备条件以及催化氧化脱硫性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,当铌酸负载量小于30%时,催化剂Nb-SBA-15仍具有规则的二维六方介孔结构。介孔分子筛催化剂Nb-SBA-15具有较高的催化活性和稳定性,在铌酸负载量为15%、催化剂焙烧温度为300℃、反应温度为60℃、反应时间为60 min、氧化剂H_2O_2与硫摩尔比为3、剂(N-甲基吡咯烷酮、NMP)油体积比为1、催化剂用量为5%时,脱硫率可达96.30%。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.