α—Cr相在IN718合金中的析出及其热力学计算

通过热力学计算，建立了Cr,Mo及Nb与IN718合金的赝二元相图以及Cr-Fe-IN718赝三元等温截面图。研究了IN718合金中α－Cr相析出条件和化学成分对α－Cr相析出温度及析出量的影响。确定了α－Cr相析出的临界成分和不同成分条件下α－Cr相开始析出温度及析出量，同时得出了Cr,Mo和Nb含量与α－Cr相开始析出温度和析出量的关系式。利用X射线衍射对萃取相的分析及选择性浸蚀方法，验证并显示了α－Cr相在IN718合金中的存在和分布。     

α—Cr在Incone1718合金中析出行为的微观分析

使用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD），研究了DA718和标准热处理718合金经过593℃～677℃时效500h-2000h后α－Cr相的析出规律及其对合金性能的影响。结果表明，α－Cr经常与δ相在晶界共同析出，随着时效温度的提高和时效时间的延长，α－Cr析出数量增加。应力能够促进α－Cr的析出。α－Cr的析出是造成合金高温时效后冲击值降低的原因。     

快速凝固Al—Ti—Fe系合金的组织演化

采用单辊旋铸技术制备Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe,Al2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5V和Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr(at%，下同）合金薄带，利用X射线衍射（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）分析了这些合金的急冷态和退火态组织。结果表明：快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金急冷态组织中存在Al3Ti和Al5Ti2两种初生相，快凝合金经400℃退火10h后，组织中出现了Al13Fe4相，在450℃退火，组织中析出了弥散Al3Ti相；快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5V合金急冷态组织中存在Al11V相和Al80V20相，400℃退火10h后，初生Al11V相转变为Al80V20相，且固溶在α-Al基体中的Ti,Fe以Al23Ti9相和Al13Fe4相的形式析出；快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr合金急冷态组织中存在Al3Ti和Al13Cr2两种初生相，快凝合金经300℃退火10h后，组织中析出了Al13Cr2和Al3Ti两种弥散相，400℃退火10h时后组织中出现了Al13Fe4相。     

微量Mn和Sr联合添加对Al-Mg-Si合金组织的影响

试验研究了微量Mn和Sr元素联合添加对Al-Mg-Si合金的微观组织的影响。试验结果表明:联合添加Mn和Sr元素后,Al-Mg-Si合金的再结晶行为在挤压过程中得到部分抑制。在均匀化处理后合金组织中的粒状结晶相呈链状分布。组织中的AlFeSi相以细小的圆点状形貌存在,以圆滑的边缘延伸至基体,有利于减小晶内应力集中,提高合金性能。     

复合添加微量铬、锰、钛、锆对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金组织与性能的影响

采用光学显微镜和透射电镜等分析手段研究了复合添加微量Cr、Mn、Ti、Zr对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金板材组织性能的影响.结果表明:复合添加微量Cr、Mn、Ti、Zr的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金具有最佳的再结晶抑制作用.添加0.04%Ti 0.18%Zr、0.20%Cr 0.20%Mn 0.04%Ti、0.04%Cr 0.05%Mn 0.04%Ti 0.18%Zr、0.20%Cr 0.20%Mn 0.03%Ti 0.17%Zr 4组微量元素,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率依次提高;强度依次增加与所析出的共格、半共格析出相种类增加、弥散度增大、粒径增粗、分布均匀性提高、所占的体积分数增加有关,合金延伸率增加与晶内形成的微区无析出区均匀变形有关.     

微量添加剂对Al—Mg—Si合金铸态组织的影响

本文研究了微量稀土(MM)、(Cr Ti)及Al-Ti-B分别或组合加入对Al-Mg-Si合金铸态组织的影响.结果表明:Al-Mg-Si合金中添加微量Al-Ti-B或Cr Ti可显著细化铸态晶粒;Al-Ti=B与MM或(Cr Ti)同时加入不能显著细化合金的晶粒;虽然MM单独加入时既不能细化晶粒,也不能细化枝晶,但当它与Al-Ti-B或(Cr Ti)组合加入时,却能显著细化枝晶;且微量MM与(Cr Ti)同时添加既能显著细化铸态晶粒,又能显著细化枝晶;有效的晶粒细化剂并不一定能有效地细化枝晶,这是由于合金结晶过程中晶粒细化和枝晶细化的机制不同造成的.     

Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn（1.8—x）MxV0.2（M=Ni,Cr;x=0,0.2）合金的贮氢性能

研究了Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn(1.8-x)MxV0.2(M=Ni,Cr;x=0,0.2)合金的晶体结构与贮氢性能。结果表明,Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn1.6Ni0.2V0.2和Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn1.6Cr0.2V0.2的贮氢量达到240mL/g。合金的主相均为C14 Laves相,镍,铬的取代使点阵常数和晶胞体积增大,P－C－T曲线的滞后降低,压力平台的倾斜度增加。     

CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的相稳定性

通过分析CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金在1000、800和600℃退火后的组织和结构,研究了该合金的相稳定性。结果显示:CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金退火前为FCC单相固溶体,1000℃×72h退火后合金的组织和结构无变化;800℃退火后合金中析出了富含Cr元素的层片状第二相,析出相主要分布在晶界处;600℃退火试样析出了富Mn相。基于吉布斯自由能的热力学分析表明,合金体系的构型熵在高温时能够维持CoCrFeMnNi合金相结构的稳定性,中低温时会有第二相析出,因此CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金不能视作绝对稳定相。     

α-Cr precipitation behavior and its effect on high Cr-containing superalloys

为了对不同Cr含量高温合金中α—Cr相析出行为进行对比研究，优化高Cr合金中α—Cr相的组织形态，通过微观分析手段对不同Cr含量的GH169，GH625，GH648及两种高Cr实验合金进行α—Cr相析出行为的对比分析，同时通过特殊热处理对高Cr合金α—Cr相组织优化进行了初步研究．结果表明，Cr含量低于25％的GH169和GH625合金在标准热处理后均没有α—Cr相析出，但经过长期时效后α—Cr相依附于δ相和M6C的界面析出；而Cr含量大于30％的GH648合金以及更高Cr含量的两种实验合金，α—Cr相已直接从奥氏体基体中析出，并有不同的析出存在形态，随Cr含量增加，α—Cr相从短棒状和颗粒状向长片条状和层片状的析出方式变化．同时，通过特殊热处理优化α—Cr相组织分布形态，获得细小弥散分布的α—Cr相，为高Cr合金的发展奠定研究基础，     

Mn和Cr对Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金组织及性能的影响

通过金相观察、拉伸性能测试、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及能谱分析,研究了Mn、Cr对Al-Mg-Si-Cu铝合金微观组织及拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：添加Mn和Cr均能促进Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金铸锭形成粗大结晶相化合物,并且添加Mn的合金中形成的结晶相更多;均匀化过程中Mn和Cr均能促进结晶相由Al5FeSi型向Al8Fe2Si型转变,并且同时添加Mn和Cr的促进作用更加显著;添加Mn、Cr均能抑制变形晶粒在固溶处理时发生再结晶和晶粒长大,并且由单独添加Cr、单独添加Mn到同时添加Mn和Cr,抑制作用逐渐增强;添加Cr对合金强化作用有限,而添加Mn能显著提高合金强度。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。