Nd修饰CexZr1-xO2(x=0.8,0.6,0.2)固溶体的性能研究

用共沉淀法制备了一系列550℃焙烧和1000℃老化的Nd修饰CexZr1-xO2(x=0.8,0.6,0.2)固溶体,并利用XRD和H2-TPR等方法进行表征.结果表明,不同的Ce/Zr比对Nd修饰CexZr1-xO2固溶体的晶相结构,还原性能及高温热稳定性有重要的影响.Nd修饰的CexZr1-xO2(x=0.8,0.6,0.2)均形成了CeO2-ZrO2-Nd2O3三元氧化物均相固溶体,并未出现Nd2O3单一氧化物的特征衍射峰,其中Ce0.8Zr0.15Nd0.05O2和Ce0.6Zr0.35Nd0.05O2为立方晶相,Ce0.2Zr0.75Nd0.05O2为四方晶相,且高温条件下,晶相结构稳定.Nd的掺杂使不同Ce/Zr比例CexZr1-xO2固溶体的还原性和高温热稳定性均明显增强,其中Ce0.6Zr0.35Nd0.05O2的还原性和热稳定性最强.     

纳米Y_(0.7)Ce_(0.1)Sr_(0.2)M_(1-x)Cu_xO_3(M=Fe,Mn)的制备、表征及其对NO+CO的催化活性

为探究纳米钙钛矿型复合氧化物ABO3中不同B位元素及Cu的掺杂量对催化剂的结构、形貌、表面性质和催化活性的影响规律及原因,并优化出具有更好活性的催化剂,采用柠檬酸-溶胶-凝胶法制备得到8个钙钛矿型复合氧化物Y0.7Ce0.1Sr0.2Fe1-xCuxO3和Y0.7Ce0.1Sr0.2Mn1-xCuxO3(x=0.1~0.4),通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析方法对其进行了表征,并测试了8个样品对CO+NO的催化活性。结果表明,在Fe、Mn两个系列中,x=0.3时的两个样品对CO+NO分别具有最高的催化活性,Y0.7Ce0.1Sr0.2Fe0.7Cu0.3O3对NO和CO的转化率均在225℃时达到100%,而Y0.7Ce0.1Sr0.2Mn0.7Cu0.3O3对NO和CO的转化率则分别在325℃和225℃时达到100%。Y0.7Ce0.1Sr0.2Fe0.7Cu0.3O3的催化活性优于Y0.7Ce0.1Sr0.2Mn0.7Cu0.3O3,这是由于Fe4+/Fe3+的摩尔比高于Mn4+/Mn3+,并且Y0.7Ce0.1Sr0.2Fe0.7Cu0.3O3中所有Ce4+/Ce3+、Cu+/Cu2+和OA/OL的摩尔比均高于Y0.7Ce0.1Sr0.2Mn0.7Cu0.3O3中相应的摩尔比,而这些因素均有利于NO+CO的催化活性。通过适量的Cu取代B位离子可提高催化剂对NO+CO的氧化还原性,同时Cu的掺杂对于Fe、Mn两个系列中OA/OL的摩尔比具有不同的影响。     

镨改性铈锆氧化物固溶体的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同比例的Pr掺杂铈锆氧化物固溶体Ce0.6Zr0.4-xPrxO2-y(x=0.05, 0.10, 0.15).X射线衍射证实形成的固溶体为萤石型立方相结构;BET比表面积分析表明,随着Pr的掺杂量由x=0.05递增到x=0.15,在650℃焙烧的样品其比表面积由66.5m2·g-1增加到79.9m2·g-1,而未掺杂样品Ce0.6Zr0.4O2的比表面积为65.1 m2·g-1;粒度分布及透射电镜分析发现,制备的固溶体在水相中存在着团聚现象.应用在含有Pt, Rh和Pd的三效催化剂的制备.催化活性测试表明,在铈锆氧化物储氧材料中掺杂少量Pr,可降低三效催化剂对CO、C3H6和NO的起燃温度.不论是在富燃区还是在贫燃区,所有掺杂Pr的三效催化剂对各气体的催化转化率均高于未掺杂Pr的三效催化剂.     

钇掺杂对Ce0.33Zr0.67O2储氧性能的影响

采用柠檬酸溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列钇掺杂的富锆铈锆复合氧化物Ce0.33YxZr0.67-xO2,并通过XRD,BET,OSC,XPS,in-situ CO-FTIR等测试,系统研究了钇掺杂后铈锆复合氧化物储放氧性能的变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明,钇离子能够进入铈锆晶格形成固溶体,并提高铈锆体系的结构热稳定性。对于新鲜样,钇掺杂可大幅提升Ce0.33Zr0.67O2材料的比表面积,提高单位质量铈锆材料的储氧能力;但老化后,钇掺杂样品的储氧性能随着掺杂量的增加而减小。通过XPS及原位红外吸附性能测试证实,钇在Ce0.33Zr0.67O2材料表面主要取代锆离子,其掺杂会降低样品的表面吸附能力,抑制铈的氧化还原反应,从而导致该体系储氧性能的下降。     

Cu掺杂的CeZrO2固溶体的制备及其催化燃烧芳香烃

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce0.48Zr0.48Cu0.04O2 固溶体,将其用作芳香烃的燃烧催化剂.在固定床微反应器中评价了催化剂对苯、甲苯和二甲苯等的氧化反应活性,并运用XRD进行表征.结果表明, Ce0.48Zr0.48Cu0.04O2具有和CeO2相似的立方结构.反应温度为600℃时,苯、甲苯和二甲苯的CO2的生成率分别达到100%,94%和90%,显示了催化剂良好的低温燃烧催化性能.经800℃高温热处理3h的催化剂,在同样的反应温度下,对苯、甲苯和二甲苯的保留活性分别为78%、61%和58%,显示了较好的耐热稳定性.     

铈锆比对储氧材料铈锆固溶体性能的影响

铈锆固溶体作为储氧材料在三效催化剂中起着不可替代的作用。从外围电子排布角度,分析稀土元素铈所具有的独特4f电子层,从结构上探讨铈离子在萤石结构中所起的作用,从而解释了铈作为储氧材料时所发挥的功效,即可在不同的氧气氛下缓冲氧。采用共沉淀法制备了一系列铈锆比不同(Ce/Zr值分别为2/3,1/1,3/2,3/1)的铈锆固溶体,样品经650℃焙烧6 h后,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积(BET)、程序升温还原(TPR)法、扫描电镜(SEM)分析测定了样品的晶粒度、比表面积、储氧量(OSC),并研究了Zr4+在CeO2晶格的固溶情况。研究发现采用共沉淀法可以成功制备出铈锆比不同的铈锆固溶体,样品具有纳米晶的特征,且XRD谱图显示衍射角随固溶体中Zr4+的增多而增大,由于Zr4+的离子半径小于Ce4+的离子半径,因此随Zr4+的加入产生晶格收缩,晶格常数变小;比表面积数值和储氧能力良好,铈锆比对比表面积和还原性没有显著影响,但储氧量数据却随Zr4+的加入明显增加;Zr4+的加入量对储氧材料固溶度也有影响,当掺杂Zr4+的量较多时,Zr4+会比较容易进入CeO2晶格。     

(Ce-Zr)mA1-mO2复合氧化物的制备及其表征

以碳酸铵为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备铈锆、铈锆镧、铈锆镨复合氧化物,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、BET法和程序升温还原(TPR)等手段对复合氧化物进行了表征,研究了高温焙烧条件下不同铈锆摩尔比和掺杂镧镨对复合氧化物的结构和性能的影响,并初步分析了掺杂La和Pr的作用机理.结果表明, Ce0.76Zr0.24O2在高温焙烧后仍然保持着立方相的固溶体结构,衍射峰没有发生分裂,有着比较好的高温热稳定性;掺杂La和Pr以后均能在一定程度上提高氧化物的热稳定性.     

制备方法对CexZr1-xO2固溶体结构及性能的影响

采用两种不同的沉淀方法制备出CeO2和一系列的CexZr1-xO2(x=0.8、0.5、0.1)固溶体,并应用XRD和H2-TPR对500℃焙烧和1000℃老化的样品进行研究.结果表明制备方法对CexZr1-x O2固溶体的晶相结构和还原性能有重要影响.两种方法制备的Ce0.8Zr0.2O2均为立方晶相,氨水沉淀法制备的Ce0.5Zr0.5O2为立方晶相和四方晶相共存的结构,而NaOH溶液沉淀法制备的Ce0.5Zr0.5O2为单纯的四方晶相,而且此方法制备的Ce0.1Zr0.9O2在高温条件下晶相结构不稳定,出现单斜晶相.与氨水沉淀法相比,NaOH溶液沉淀法制备500℃焙烧样品的还原性能明显较强,而在1000℃高温老化后,两者还原性能均有所降低.     

等离子喷涂CeO2改性La2Zr2O7纳米热障涂层高温性能研究

研究了不同Ce掺杂量对La2Zr2O7相结构稳定性的影响,确定了Ce原子掺杂量为5.45％的CeO2改性La2Zr2O7涂层（CLZ）.研究了采用大气等离子喷涂制备的涂层与原始粉末化学成分计量比偏离情况.经共沉淀制粉、喷雾干燥团聚造粒、大气等离子喷涂制备了Ce原子掺杂量为5.45％的新型纳米CLZ热障涂层,研究了涂层的长期组织结构稳定性、抗热震性以及失效机制.结果表明,CLZ涂层具有良好的长期组织结构稳定性,涂层在1150℃下热震循环寿命达到26次.涂层失效主要以层状撕裂为主.陶瓷层和粘结层热膨胀不匹配、粘结层发生氧化可能是导致CLZ涂层热震失效的主要原因.     

稀土钼合金组织结构的研究

在TZM钼合金的基础上，通过复合添加稀土Y、Ce的试验，生产出了高温性能优异且工艺易于控制的钼合金。对不同配方稀土钼合金的组织结构进行了深入分析，指出弥散颗粒不仅存在晶界，也可存在于晶内，因此可同时强化晶界和晶粒，但粗大的弥散颗粒和Mo-Ti固溶体对合金性能不利。用化学法富集了合金中的弥散相，通过X射线衍射和能谱综合分析，确定了弥散相的相结构，证实了在合金中稀土元素Y、Ce与Ti、Zr形成Y2O3结构的复合氧化物。Ti在合金中则有三种可能的存在形态：一是形成复合氧化物，二是形成Ti(C,N),三是形成Mo-Ti固溶体。     

La掺杂CeO_2电子结构的密度泛函计算

根据密度泛函理论(DFT),采用"总体能量平面波"超软赝势方法,对不同La掺杂浓度的CeO_2晶体几何结构进行了优化,从理论上给出了La掺杂CeO_2晶体结构参数及性质,为CeO_2材料的掺杂改性研究提供了理论依据.计算了La掺杂情况下 CeO_2晶体的总体能量、能带结构、总体态密度.分析了La掺杂对CeO_2晶体电子结构的影响.     

Ni掺杂TiO_2电子和几何结构的第一性原理研究

利用密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理方法,对不同掺杂量、不同方式的Ni掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2(anatase TiO_2:A-TiO_2)的晶胞结构、缺陷形成能和态密度图像等进行了研究,并着重讨论了掺杂Ni离子周围配位场改变对体系电子结构的影响.结果表明,掺杂方式的不同对Ni-TiO_2超晶胞的几何结构有较大影响.正是几何结构的变化导致掺杂Ni离子处于不同类型的晶体配位场之中,这是掺杂体系电子结构差异的本质原因.通过对掺杂体系形成能的比较,发现Ni掺杂TiO_2的具体方式取决于晶体生长过程中的氧环境.通过对体系电子结构的研究,发现各种掺杂体系的禁带中都出现由Ni 3d-O2p轨道杂化形成的杂质能级.Ni离子替代晶格Ti掺杂会使吸收光谱红移,而Ni的晶隙掺杂则使吸收光谱蓝移,且这种光谱吸收带边的差异会随掺杂浓度的增加而增大.     

Ti掺杂LiNiO2第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理超软贋势平面波法,对Ti掺杂LiNiO₂的几何结构进行优化,计算其晶体结构、原子布局、态密度、能带结构及电子结构.结果表明: Ti掺杂LiNiO₂,降低系统能量,结构更加稳定,并且使得晶胞参数c及c/a比值增大,层间距增大,有利于Li+脱嵌和迁移,从而改善其电化学性能;同时, 掺杂Ti影响周边O和Ni电子排布,使得周边O-Ni键增长, 减弱O与Ni之间的相互作用,O-Ti与O-Ni键长相近,抑制因Jahn-Teller效应导致的八面体扭曲,增强结构稳定性,改善循环性能;Ti掺杂还使得禁带宽度、能隙及电子跃迁所需能量均减小,且此时Li在材料中以离子形态存在,有利于脱嵌和扩散,增强导电性.      

Defect aggregates in the Sr_2MgSi_2O_7 persistent luminescence material

The crystal and electronic structure of the Eu2+ doped and defect containing Sr2MgSi2O7 persistent luminescence material were studied using the density functional theory(DFT) .The defects may act as energy storage or even luminescence quenching centres in these materials,however their role is very difficult to confirm experimentally.The probability of vacancy formation was studied using the total en-ergy of the defect containing host.Significant structural modifications in the environment of the isolated de...     

Adhesion at cerium doped metal-ceramic α-Fe/WC interface:A first-principles calculation

Electronic structure, stability and bonding strength of a-Fe/WC interfaces between Ce-doped and undoped WC cermet coating were investigated by first-principles methodology based on densityfunctional theory(DFT). Based on the minimum mismatched lattices, the relatively stable interface that forms between WC(100) and bcc a-Fe(100) was employed to predict the atomic structure, bonding,and ideal work of adhesion. There are three possible positions which were defined as OT, MT, HCP, taking into account both C-and W-terminations. The sequence of structural stability tested in this paper was:MT OT HCP. After full relaxation, the results show that only the first and second layers of the interface have significant influence on the electronic structure between Fe and WC. The interaction of Ce elements at the interface is achieved by comparing the interface structure and electronic structure of the doped and undoped interfaces. Ce doped interface possesses a shorter interface distance(d_0 = 0.09776 nm)and a larger interface energy(W_(ad) = 8.98 J/m~2) than undoped interface(W_(ad) = 8.76 J/m~2,d_0= 0.10134 nm).Charge density distribution and difference, and density of states were utilized to characterize the electronic properties and determine the interfacial bonding.The results demonstrate that strong covalent bonding existed in the undoped interface, while a mixed covalent/ionic bonding was formed at the Ce-doped interface.     

First-principles prediction of the magnetism of 4f rare-earth-metal-doped wurtzite zinc oxide

Electronic structure and magnetic properties of wurtzite ZnO semiconductor doped with rare earth （RE=La, Ce, Pr, Pm, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb） atoms were studied using spin-polarized density functional theory based on the full-potential linear augmented plane wave （FP-LAPW） method as implemented in the Wien2k code. In this approach the generalized gradient approximation （GGA） was used for the exchange-correlation （XC） potential. Our results showed that the substitution of RE ions in ZnO induced spins polarized localized states in the band gap. Moreover, the studied DMSs compounds retained half metallicity at dopant concentration x=0.625%for most of the studied elements, with 100%spin polarization at the Fermi level （EF）. The total magnetic moments of these compounds existed due to RE 4f states present at EF, while small induced magnetic moments existed on other non-magnetic atoms as well. Finally, the energy difference between far and near configurations was investigated. It was found that the room temperature ferromagnetism was possible for RE-doped ZnO at near configuration. Since the RE-RE separation was long enough （far configuration） for magnetic coupling, the system became paramagnetic or antiferromagnetic ground state.     

First-principles study of the electronic structure of a superstoichiometric rare earth dihydride GdH2.25

We performed ab initio calculations of electronic structure and equilibrium properties for the rare earth superstoichiometric dihydride Gd H2.25(with the space group Pm-3m(No. 221)) using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method(FP-LAPW) approach within the density functional theory(DFT) in the generalized gradient approximation(GGA) and local density approximation(LDA) as implemented in the WIEN2 k simulation code at 0 K. The equilibrium properties were determined, the density of states, electronic density and the energy band structures were studied in details. It was concluded that the GGA optimized lattice parameter agreed much better with the experimental findings than the LDA one. The non negligible electronic density of states at the Fermi level confirmed that the Gd H2.25 had a metallic character. The Fermi energy EF fell at a level where most of the states were rare-earth 5d-eg conduction states while negligible contributions of both interstitial(tetrahedral and octahedral) H s-states were observed near EF. From electronic density, the bonding between Gd and tetrahedral H atoms was of prominent covalency, while was ionic between Gd and octahedral H atoms.     

Structure and oxygen storage capacity of Pr-doped Ce_（0.26）Zr_（0.74）O_2 mixed oxides

Binary Ce-Zr(CZ),Pr-Zr(PZ) and ternary Ce-Zr-Pr(CZP) mixed oxides were prepared by an ammonia-aided co-precipitation method,and were aged in a steam/air flow at 1050 °C.X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectra,X-photon spectra(XPS) and CO temperature programmed reduction(TPR) were carried out to characterize the micro-structure and reducibility of catalysts.The oxygen storage capacity(OSC) was evaluated with CO serving as probe gas.The results showed that a pseudo cubic structure was formed for the Zr-rich ceria-zirconia mixed oxides with Pr doping.The insertion of Pr prevented the phase segregation of the mixed oxides during the hydrothermal ageing.The Pr doped samples showed better redox performances in comparison with CZ,and the sample doped with 5 wt.% Pr showed the most remarkably promoted dynamic oxygen storage capacity.This phenomenon was closely related to both the reducibility and oxygen mobility of the mixed oxides.The introduction of praseodymium into ceria-zirconia could accelerate the oxygen migration by increasing the amount of oxygen vacancies,although it was difficult for Pr3+ ions themselves to participate in the oxygen exchange process.     

Band gap calculation and photo catalytic activity of rare earths doped rutile TiO2

The density of states (DOS) of 17 kinds of rare earths (RE) doped futile TiO2 was by using fast-principles density functional the-ory (DFF) calculation. The band gap widths of RE doped rutile TiO2 were important factors for altering their absorbing wavelengths. The results show that RE ions could obviously reduce the band gap widths and form of energy of rutile TiO2 except Lu, Y, Yb and Sc, and the order of absorbing wavelengths of RE doped rutile TiO2 were the same as that of the results of calculation. The ratio of RE dopant was an-other important factor for the photo catalytic activity of RE doped rutile TiO2, and there was an optimal ratio of dopant. There was a constant for predigesting the calculation difficulty, respectively, which were 0.5mol.% and 100 mol-1 under supposition. The band gap widths of RE doped rutile TiO2 by DFT calculation were much larger than that by experiment. Finally, by transferring the calculation values to experiment values, it could be found and predicted that RE enlarged obviously the absorbing wavelengh of futile TiO2. In addition, the degree of RE ions edging out the Ti atom using the parameters of RE elements was computed.     

Influence of Hydrogenation on Electronic and Magnetic Properties of PrNi: A First Principles Study

Electronic and magnetic properties of PrNi and PrNi–H have been investigated by using first principles approach. Calculations are performed using full potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method including spin-polarization within the frame work of density functional theory. The electronic exchange–correlation energy is described by generalized gradient approximation. The ground state of both the compounds is base-centered orthorhombic CrB structure. The hydrogen stored in PrNi, i.e., PrNi–H has been studied to analyze the effective changes in magnetic moments and electronic structures in comparison with PrNi. The total cell energy of the hydrogenated PrNi compound has been found to be lower than in PrNi compound. The decrease in the cell energy shows more stability of the hydrogenated PrNi at ambient conditions. The values for total and local magnetic moments decrease on hydrogen insertion in PrNi. A comparative study of the projected density of states in both the compounds has also been presented. Both the compounds are found metallic in nature.