冷轧0.10C5Mn2Al钢在10 2/s应变速率下的超塑性研究

对0.10C5Mnn2Al钢在750～850℃,10^-2/s的应变速率下进行高温拉伸试验及组织结构表征。研究结果表明,0.10C5Mn2Al钢在750℃,800℃、850℃下,10^-2/s的应变速率下的伸长率分别为320%、570%和730%,均获得了超塑性的现象,在超塑性变形过程中,由于变形和高温的共同作用导致了奥氏体和铁素体晶粒均长大,其中变形是导致晶粒长大的主要原因。     

Al对锻态中锰钢组织与性能的影响

摘要：对比研究了锻态0.15C5Mn钢和0.15C5Mn2Al钢在室温下和750℃准静态拉伸条件下的力学性能,并对微观组织利用SEM和EBSD进行表征。研究结果表明,Al的加入引起了室温下的微观组织结构的不同,含铝钢在室温下的组织中存在很少量铁素体,导致含铝钢强度低;锻态0.15C5Mn钢和0.15C5Mn2Al钢在750℃下分别获得了90.5%和101%的伸长率;经750℃拉伸变形后0.15C5Mn钢获得马氏体组织,Al元素的添加扩大了双相区,使0.15C5Mn2Al钢在双相区拉伸变形,最终得到铁素体+马氏体双相组织,双相区变形使0.15C5Mn2Al钢具有较高的伸长率,降低了抗拉强度。     

基于退火路径的中锰钢组织转变与力学性能

为了更好地指导中锰钢工业试制,利用扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射、透射电镜和拉伸试验机等研究了不同退火路径下低碳中锰钢的组织转变及合金元素配分行为,并评价了其对力学性能的影响.结果表明,热轧中锰钢的显微组织主要由铁素体、板条马氏体、粒状贝氏体和残余奥氏体构成.经冷轧变形后,原组织中的铁素体和马氏体晶粒破碎,残余奥氏体和M/A...     

退火后冷却方式对冷轧中锰钢微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用拉伸试验、扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射、透射电镜、X射线衍射等手段,研究了冷轧中锰钢(0.2C-5Mn)退火后不同冷却方式下的微观组织特点和拉伸性能.实验钢冷轧退火后为铁素体加逆转变奥氏体的双相组织.退火后空冷可以获得稳定性较高的逆转变奥氏体,且其体积分数也明显高于退火后炉冷.退火后空冷实验钢中的逆转变奥氏体在变形过程中产生持续的TRIP效应,提高强度的同时获得了较高的塑性,强塑积可达到26.5 GPa·%。      

两相区退火处理含铝中锰钢的组织和力学性能

 为了研究两相区退火处理对冷轧含铝中锰钢(0.2C-0.6Si-5Mn-1.2Al)(质量分数,%)微观组织和力学性能的影响规律,利用SEM、XRD及单轴拉伸等试验方法表征了不同工艺状态后的微观组织及测试了拉伸性能。结果表明,冷轧试验钢在退火过程中组织发生奥氏体逆转变,在退火温度为670 ℃、退火时间为10 min时可获得较佳的力学性能,即抗拉强度达到1 276 MPa,总伸长率达到51.8%,强塑积高达66.1 GPa·%。随着退火温度升高,残余奥氏体组织逐渐粗化且向马氏体组织转变,机械稳定性逐渐降低。残余奥氏体机械稳定性主要受残余奥氏体中碳质量分数及其晶粒尺寸的影响,而残余奥氏体中锰质量分数对其影响较小。     

采用薄板坯连铸连轧工艺开发X60管线钢

在本钢薄板坯连铸连轧生产线上进行了X00管线钢的试制。结果表明,成分为铌、钒、钛复合微合金化的低碳锰钢采用合适的控轧控冷工艺,可以保证钢的力学性能符合x60管线钢的要求。试制钢具有优良的强度和塑性配合,并具有很好的低温韧性水平。试制钢的显微组织为铁素体和珠光体,平均晶粒尺寸细小,铁素体、珠光体分布均匀,没有明显带状组织。     

逆相变退火中锰钢的组织性能与成形极限

摘要：分别通过SEM、XRD、单轴拉伸试验和FLD等方法对比研究了中锰钢（MMnS780钢）与DP780钢的微观组织、力学性能及成形极限。结果表明，DP780钢获得铁素体和马氏体双相组织，具有连续屈服及较大的加工硬化能力，而MMnS780钢由细小的铁素体和奥氏体构成，具有明显屈服、相对较小的加工硬化能力和较大的均匀伸长率；不同应变状态下MMnS780钢较DP780钢具有更高的极限应变。退火组织以及细小的晶粒尺寸使MMnS780钢产生明显的屈服现象，细小组织以及亚稳奥氏体的TRIP效应使其具有较高的塑性和成形性能。     

热处理工艺对膨胀管组织和力学性能的影响

采用两相区热处理工艺研究了膨胀管用低碳中锰钢组织演变规律和力学性能。结果表明:采用两相区热处理工艺的低碳中锰钢组织为回火索氏体+富碳马氏体/贝氏体+少量铁素体的复相组织+残余奥氏体,残余奥氏体分布在原奥氏体晶界上和马氏体/贝氏体板条界上,残余奥氏体主要通过临界淬火富集C和Mn元素达到稳定,室温下稳定的残余奥氏体含量最高可达12%。由于残余奥氏体的应变诱导塑性(TRIP)效应,低碳中锰钢具有良好的塑性,断后总延伸率高于40%,均匀延伸率高于20%。     

Fe-12Mn-7Al-0.6C-(V)轻质钢力学行为

为减轻汽车用钢的质量，实现汽车轻量化设计，研究了冷轧Fe 12Mn 7Al 0.6C (V)轻质钢在不同温度下退火的组织和力学行为。结果表明，随着退火温度的升高，奥氏体体积分数增加，晶粒尺寸增大；合金的强度下降，塑性先增加后下降。材料的应变硬化行为呈现3阶段硬化。在变形过程中，奥氏体中发生平面滑移，铁素体中发生波状滑移。随着变形量的增加，在奥氏体中形成不同方向的滑移带，铁素体中形成胞状结构。钒的添加可同时提高材料的强度和塑性。     

Ti-IF钢汽车用冷轧钢带LGL3的生产工艺

总结生产Ti-IF钢汽车用冷轧低碳钢带的工艺流程,C、N、TO和热轧、冷轧等控制工艺,钢带金相组织为均匀的再结晶退火组织(铁素体),无明显的带状组织,铁素体晶粒度为9.5~11.0级,屈服强度达155 MPa,抗拉强度达303 MPa,塑性应变比达2.18。     

Influence of Al on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of Low-Carbon,Manganese Transformation-Induced-Plasticity Steel

Microstructural design with an Al addition is suggested for low-carbon, manganese transformation-induced-plasticity (Mn TRIP) steel for application in the continuous-annealing process. With an Al content of 1 mass pct, the competition between the recrystallization of the cold-rolled microstructure and the austenite formation cannot be avoided during intercritical annealing, and the recrystallization of the deformed matrix does not proceed effectively. The addition of 3 mass pct Al, however, allows nearly complete recrystallization of the deformed microstructure by providing a dual-phase cold-rolled structure consisting of ferrite and martensite and by suppressing excessive austenite formation at a higher annealing temperature. An optimized annealing condition results in the room-temperature stability of the intercritical austenite in Mn TRIP steel containing 3 mass pct Al, permitting persistent transformation to martensite during tensile deformation. The alloy presents an excellent strength-ductility balance combining a tensile strength of approximately 1 GPa with a total elongation over 25 pct, which is comparable to that of Mn TRIP steel subjected to batch-type annealing.     

Influence of Temperature and Grain Size on Austenite Stability in Medium Manganese Steels

With an aim to elucidate the influence of temperature and grain size on austenite stability, a commercial cold-rolled 7Mn steel was annealed at 893 K (620 °C) for times varying between 3 minutes and 96 hours to develop different grain sizes. The austenite fraction after 3 minutes was 34.7 vol pct, and at longer times was around 40 pct. An elongated microstructure was retained after shorter annealing times while other conditions exhibited equiaxed ferrite and austenite grains. All conditions exhibit similar temperature dependence of mechanical properties. With increasing test temperature, the yield and tensile strength decrease gradually, while the uniform and total elongation increase, followed by an abrupt drop in strength and ductility at 393 K (120 °C). The Olson–Cohen model was applied to fit the transformed austenite fractions for strained tensile samples, measured by means of XRD. The fit results indicate that the parameters α and β decrease with increasing test temperature, consistent with increased austenite stability. The 7Mn steels exhibit a distinct temperature dependence of the work hardening rate. Optimized austenite stability provides continuous work hardening in the temperature range of 298 K to 353 K (25 °C to 80 °C). The yield and tensile strengths have a strong dependence on grain size, although grain size variations have less effect on uniform and total elongation.     

Effect of alloying elements on the microstructure‐property relationship in thermomechanically processed C‐Mn‐Si TRIP steels

The effect of additions of Nb, Al and Mo to Fe‐C‐Mn‐Si TRIP steel on the final microstructure and mechanical properties after simulated thermomechanical processing (TMP) has been studied. The laboratory simulations of discontinuous cooling during TMP were performed using a hot rolling mill. All samples were characterised using optical microscopy and image analysis. The volume fraction of retained austenite was ascertained using a heat tinting technique and X‐ray diffraction measurements. Room temperature mechanical properties were determined by a tensile test. From this a comprehensive understanding of the structural aspect of the bainite transformation in these types of TRIP steels has been developed. The results have shown that the final microstructures of thermomechanically processed TRIP steels comprise ~ 50 % of polygonal ferrite, 7 ‐12 % of retained austenite, non‐carbide bainitic structure and martensite. All steels exhibited a good combination of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation. The microstructure‐property examination revealed the relationship between the composition of TRIP steels and their mechanical properties. It has been shown that the addition of Mo to the C‐Si‐Mn‐Nb TRIP steel increases the ultimate tensile strength up to 1020 MPa. The stability of the retained austenite of the Nb‐Mo steel was degraded, which led to a decrease in the elongation (24 %). The results have demonstrated that the addition of Al to C‐Si‐Mn‐Nb steel leads to a good combination of strength (~ 940 MPa) and elongation (~ 30 %) due to the formation of refined acicular ferrite and granular bainite structure with ~7 ‐ 8 % of stable retained austenite. Furthermore, it has been found that the addition of Al increases the volume fraction of bainitic ferrite laths. The investigations have shown an interesting result that, in the Nb‐Mo‐Al steel, Al has a more pronounced effect on the microstructure in comparison with Mo. It has been found that the bainitic structure of the Nb‐Mo‐Al steel appears to be more granular than in the Nb‐Mo steel. Moreover, the volume fraction of the retained austenite increased (12 %) with decreasing bainitic ferrite content. The results have demonstrated that this steel has the best mechanical properties (1100 MPa and 28 % elongation). It has been concluded that the combined effect of Nb, Mo, and Al addition on the dispersion of the bainite, martensite and retained austenite in the ferrite matrix and the morphology of these phases is different than effect of Nb, Mo and Al, separately.     

Effect of BainiticTreatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TRIP Cold-Rolled Steel Sheets

The effects of bainitic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 0.10C-1.5Mn-l.5Al TRIP-aided cold-rolled steels have been investigated.The samples were heated by intercritical annealing at 820℃for 2 min and quenched in banitic temperature with different hoding time for 5 to 300s,two salt bath were used for the heat treatment.Experimental results show that the yield strength and elongation increase with the increasing of bainitic holding time,while the tensile strength decrease.The volume fraction of retained austenite rise at the beginning of bainitic holding and then reduce,the carbon content of retained austenite increase during the bainitic holding.The tensile strengthen multiply elongation reaches the highest value at 120s.The mechanical stability of retained austenite fits well with strain hardening during deformation.     

Mechanical behavior of superplastic ultrahigh carbon steels at elevated temperature

Ultrahigh carbon (UHC) steels have been investigated for their strength and ductility characteristics from 600 to 850°C. It has been shown that such UHC steels, in the carbon range 1.3 to 1.9 pct C, are superplastic when the microstructure consisted of fine equiaxed ferrite or austenite grains (∼1 μm) stabilized by fine spheroidized cementite particles. The flow stress-strain-rate relations obtained at various temperatures can be quantitatively described by the additive contributions of grain boundary (superplastic) creep and slip (lattice diffusion controlled) creep. It is predicted that superplastic characteristics should be observed at normal forming rates for the UHC steels if the grain size can be stabilized at 0.4 μm. The UHC steels were found to be readily rolled or forged at high strain-rates in the warm and hot range of temperatures even in the as-cast, coarse grained, condition. BRUNO WALSER, formerly with Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University