共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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生物质焦油裂解的技术关键 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
生物质焦油是生物质气化过程中有害的副产物,它会降低气化效率,影响设备运行,所以必须加以有效利用和处理。本文介绍了国内外焦油催化裂解的研究现状,详细地分析了讨论了催化裂解的关键过程和工艺件,总结出了焦油催化裂解的最佳条件和比较有前景的工艺路线。 相似文献
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在蒸汽锅炉进行生物质能源改造中,生物质气化燃气代替煤、油具有成本、环保、政策方面的优势,但必须解决焦油的二次污染问题。本文提出以改进型即中部出气固定床上吸式气化炉生产生物质可燃气,及焦油成分随燃气直接在锅炉炉膛燃烧的技术路线,并以2 T/h蒸汽锅炉为例对气化炉的主要结构参数进行设计计算。采用基于锅炉输出蒸汽压力的气化炉鼓风自适应控制方法实现系统的闭环控制。最后通过实际应用案例实测数据的热能计算证明生物质气化燃气在蒸汽锅炉中代替煤、油燃烧的可行性。 相似文献
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生物质流化床燃烧/气化的烧结特性与机理综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
流化床燃烧/气化是生物质高效规模化能源利用的主要方式之一,由于生物质在较低温度下燃烧/气化时就容易发生床料烧结,影响了系统安全稳定运行,阻碍了能源利用效率的提高.系统地归纳了不同生物质在不同种类床料状态下燃烧/气化时烧结所需的特征温度,分析了生物质种类、碱金属含量、反应气氛与烧结温度之间的联系,结合相关研究,对生物质的烧结机理进行了分析和总结,对烧结温度预测方法和模型的优缺点进行了剖析和比较,对生物质燃烧/气化烧结机理进一步研究、预测模型的优化等提出了积极的建议,以期为相关研究的深入开展和生物质能规模化利用水平的提高提供有意义的参考. 相似文献
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生物质气化焦油有还原NO的作用。在小型管流反应器上进行的生物质气化气焦油还原NO的过程中有碳黑产生,对试验产生影响。碳黑对人体健康也极具危害。虽有研究表明碳黑有还原NO的作用,但其效果不如焦油裂解之后的小分子永久气体还原NO的效果好,因此再燃过程中有必要对碳黑生成进行控制。对几种典型的生物质焦油模型化合物(苯、甲苯、苯乙烯)燃烧生成碳黑的重要起始参数进行实验测定,得到不同再燃温度条件下(900~1400℃),苯、甲苯和苯乙烯燃烧生成碳黑的起始碳氧比。本试验结果将对含焦油的生物质气化气再燃试验起到指导作用。 相似文献
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Xianjun Guo Bo Xiao Shiming Liu Zhiquan Hu Siyi Luo Maoyun He 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2009
Biomass micron fuel (BMF) produced from feedstock (energy crops, agricultural wastes, forestry residues and so on) through an efficient crushing process is a kind of powdery biomass fuel with particle size of less than 250 μm. Based on the properties of BMF, a cyclone gasifier concept has been considered in our laboratory for biomass gasification. The concept combines and integrates partial oxidation, fast pyrolysis, gasification, and tar cracking, as well as a shift reaction, with the purpose of producing a high quality of gas. In this paper, characteristics of BMF air gasification were studied in the gasifier. Without outer heat energy input, the whole process is supplied with energy produced by partial combustion of BMF in the gasifier using a hypostoichiometric amount of air. The effects of equivalence ratio (ER) and biomass particle size on gasification temperature, gas composition, gas yield, low-heating value (LHV), carbon conversion and gasification efficiency were studied. The results showed that higher ER led to higher gasification temperature and contributed to high H2-content, but too high ER lowered fuel gas content and degraded fuel gas quality. A smaller particle was more favorable for higher gas yield, LHV, carbon conversion and gasification efficiency. And the BMF air gasification in the cyclone gasifier with the energy self-sufficiency is reliable. 相似文献
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生物质是可再生能源的重要组成部分,储量巨大,但其含水量高、能量密度和热值低等缺点致使其研磨难度大、存储运输不便,难以资源化利用。本文对烘焙预处理技术的过程及特点、能耗分析和较为理想的烘焙标准进行了简述;并重点阐述了烘焙对生物质燃烧、热解和气化特性影响的研究进展。经烘焙处理后的生物质在炉膛内可快速、稳定燃烧,炉内温度迅速升高,产生的烟气量减少;热解产生的生物质焦油中水和乙酸含量明显减少,苯酚含量增加,热值总体升高;气化合成气品质明显提升,能量密度增大,总气化效率显著提高。此外,对烘焙预处理技术在城市固体废弃物处理的应用进行了简要的概述,并对其在生物质和城市固体废弃物研究方向上进行了展望。 相似文献
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Main routes for the thermo-conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals. Part 1: Pyrolysis systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mustafa Balat Mehmet Balat Elif Krtay Havva Balat 《Energy Conversion and Management》2009,50(12):3147-3157
Since the energy crises of the 1970s, many countries have become interest in biomass as a fuel source to expand the development of domestic and renewable energy sources and reduce the environmental impacts of energy production. Biomass is used to meet a variety of energy needs, including generating electricity, heating homes, fueling vehicles and providing process heat for industrial facilities. The methods available for energy production from biomass can be divided into two main categories: thermo-chemical and biological conversion routes. There are several thermo-chemical routes for biomass-based energy production, such as direct combustion, liquefaction, pyrolysis, supercritical water extraction, gasification, air–steam gasification and so on. The pyrolysis is thermal degradation of biomass by heat in the absence of oxygen, which results in the production of charcoal (solid), bio-oil (liquid), and fuel gas products. Pyrolysis liquid is referred to in the literature by terms such as pyrolysis oil, bio-oil, bio-crude oil, bio-fuel oil, wood liquid, wood oil, liquid smoke, wood distillates, pyroligneous tar, and pyroligneous acid. Bio-oil can be used as a fuel in boilers, diesel engines or gas turbines for heat and electricity generation. 相似文献
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以流化床装置中煤焦油化学链热裂解制取炭黑条件为参照,进行了煤焦油化学链热裂解制炭黑反应的数值计算。对比分析了不同载氧体类型以及同一载氧体不同掺混比例下的炭黑收率和能量利用率。结果表明:采用Fe/Al复合载氧体时与其他载氧体相比,炭黑收率更高,并且能达到较高的能量利用效率;Fe/Ni复合载氧体更适用于气化。虽然模拟结果与实验数据有所偏差,但模拟结果对煤焦油化学链热裂解制炭黑反应工况的优化具有参考作用。 相似文献
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This paper presents an exergy analysis of SNG production via indirect gasification of various biomass feedstock, including virgin (woody) biomass as well as waste biomass (municipal solid waste and sludge). In indirect gasification heat needed for endothermic gasification reactions is produced by burning char in a separate combustion section of the gasifier and subsequently the heat is transferred to the gasification section. The advantages of indirect gasification are no syngas dilution with nitrogen and no external heat source required. The production process involves several process units, including biomass gasification, syngas cooler, cleaning and compression, methanation reactors and SNG conditioning. The process is simulated with a computer model using the flow-sheeting program Aspen Plus. The exergy analysis is performed for various operating conditions such as gasifier pressure, methanation pressure and temperature. The largest internal exergy losses occur in the gasifier followed by methanation and SNG conditioning. It is shown that exergetic efficiency of biomass-to-SNG process for woody biomass is higher than that for waste biomass. The exergetic efficiency for all biomass feedstock increases with gasification pressure, whereas the effects of methanation pressure and temperature are opposite for treated wood and waste biomass. 相似文献
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