基于多时相NDVI及特征波段的作物分类研究

时相和光谱特征信息在农作物种植分类提取方面具有十分重要的应用价值。以黑龙江大型农场--友谊农场为研究区域,利用4景不同时相的TM和SPOT卫星遥感影像,提取相应时相的NDVI时间谱图像数据作为新波段信息,在分析地物目标在相应影像各波段上光谱和时间特征的基础上,设计了决策树分类算法,通过对待分类影像进行系列阈值分割和掩膜处理,成功提取黑龙江友谊农场的大豆、玉米和水稻的种植信息,分类总体精度达到98.67%。     

WorldView卫星16波段影像光谱特征分类

传统的高分辨率遥感卫星光谱分辨率较低,WorldView卫星在8个可见光-近红外多光谱波段的基础上,新增加的8个短波红外(short wave infrared,SWIR)影像,有助于提高影像提取地物信息能力。分析了WorldView卫星的16波段影像上各种地物的光谱特征和分类性能,提出了新的植被指数、水体指数和建成区指数。实验表明,相比于8波段影像,使用16波段影像分类能够显著提高各类地物特别是裸地、建筑物和道路的分类精度,总体精度提高约5.5%。基于16波段设计的新地物特征指数能更好地避免干扰地物,通过简单阈值提取地物,取得较高的提取精度。     

公路路域生态环境遥感监测数据源选取研究

为了满足路域生态环境监测遥感数据选取的需求,针对公路建设及生态特点,从时相特征、空间特征、数据特征和价格因素4个方面考虑,以近年修建的8条高速公路为研究对象,对其遥感影像进行了筛选。通过公路修建的不同时期、当地植被生长季以及时相一致性,从时相特征对遥感影像进行选择;根据不同尺度所选择的遥感影像分辨率要求,从空间特征上对其进行选择。依据可见光数据、多光谱数据以及高光谱数据的特征\,云量以及光照因素对遥感影像的影响等,从数据特征方面对遥感影像进行选取;考虑价格因素能够更为有效地使用遥感资源。通过这4个方面的筛选,能够为公路路域生态环境监测选取较为适宜的遥感数据提供科学依据。     

WorldView卫星16波段影像光谱特征分类

传统的高分辨率遥感卫星光谱分辨率较低,WorldView卫星在8个可见光G近红外多光谱波段的基础上,新增加的８个短波红外(short wave infrared,SWIR)影像,有助于提高影像提取地物信息能力。分析了WorldView卫星的16波段影像上各种地物的光谱特征和分类性能,提出了新的植被指数、水体指数和建成区指数。实验表明,相比于8波段影像,使用16波段影像分类能够显著提高各类地物特别是裸地、建筑物和道路的分类精度,总体精度提高约5.5％。基于16波段设计的新地物特征指数能更好地避免干扰地物,通过简单阈值提取地物,取得较高的提取精度。     

基于多源多时相遥感影像的山地森林分类决策树模型研究

山地是森林重要的分布区,然而山地多样的森林类型、高度异质化的景观格局、突出的地形效应以及云、雾的干扰均不同程度地影响了山地森林类型的遥感自动制图。多源多时相遥感影像提供的季相节律信息是当前提高土地覆被遥感制图精度的重要信息源之一。以岷江上游地区为研究区,以国产环境减灾卫星多光谱CCD(简称HJ CCD)影像和美国Landsat TM影像为数据源,以决策树为分类方法,根据参与分类影像的时相差异设计了5组对比实验(生长季单时相组、非生长季单时相组、生长季多时相组、非生长季多时相组、全时相组),对比论证多源多时相遥感影像对山地森林类型自动制图的贡献和作用。对比结果表明:生长季和非生长季相结合的多时相遥感影像较单时相或单一类型(生长季或非生长季)多时相遥感影像,更能显著提高山地森林类型自动制图精度,且能降低分类决策树的复杂程度,更有利于山地森林类型的自动提取。     

基于不同分辨率遥感影像自动提取切沟的精度分析和转换模型

黄土高原地貌类型独特而复杂,切沟侵蚀是塑造该区地貌的主要动力之一。研究不同分辨率遥感影像提取切沟的适用性和自动提取方法,可为切沟侵蚀遥感监测和沟蚀防治等提供有效手段。以黄土高原南部山西吉县残塬沟壑区为研究区,使用面向对象分析方法和随机森林分类算法分别从0.5 m Google影像、2 m GF-1融合影像和8 m GF-1多光谱影像中自动提取切沟,分析提取精度,并构建转换模型,提高低分辨率遥感影像提取的切沟沟长、面积参数的精度。结果表明：(1)依据特征类别,特征变量对于切沟识别的重要性排序如下：光谱特征>纹理特征>几何特征。(2)0.5 m和2 m分辨率影像切沟分类精度较高,生产者精度和用户精度均达90%以上,8 m GF-1影像切沟分类的生产者精度和用户精度为85%左右。(3)0.5 m和2 m分辨率影像提取的切沟沟长和沟宽的百分误差分别为5%和13%左右;8 m分辨率影像提取的切沟沟长、面积和沟宽的平均百分误差为18.82%、27.62%和18.93%。(4)基于0.5 m分辨率Google影像提取的切沟形态特征参数,建立8 m分辨率GF-1影像提取的切沟沟长转换模型（...     

基于多时相Landsat8 OLI影像的作物种植结构提取

针对基于多时相遥感影像、多种特征量提取多种作物种植结构在我国研究较少的现状,利用多时相Landsat8OLI影像数据,根据温宿县不同作物的农事历,通过分析主要地物的光谱特征和归一化植被指数的时间变化信息,构建不同作物种植结构提取的决策树模型,实现了对温宿县多种作物种植结构信息的提取。结果表明:1水稻的最佳识别依据是5月20日影像的近红外波段和7月23日影像的NDVI值;棉花和春玉米的最佳识别依据是5月20日~9月9日影像的NDVI变化值;冬小麦—夏玉米和林果的最佳识别依据是5月20日~7月23日影像的NDVI变化值;2与单时相监督分类相比,多时相决策树法对多种作物种植结构的提取效果更理想,总体精度提高了7.90%,Kappa系数提高了0.10;3Landsat8OLI影像数据分辨率高、成本低、获取方便,是农作物遥感的良好数据源。     

面向土地覆盖分类的MODIS影像融合研究

MODIS影像的多波段及其1、2波段的250 m中等分辨率为大区域中空间分辨率的土地覆盖制图提供了可能。为了有效利用MODIS影像的空间和光谱信息,使用SFIM、HPF和PCA变换等遥感影像融合方法,分别采用MODIS影像的波段1(b1)和波段2(b2)对3~7(b3~b7)波段进行融合,并就融合影像的光谱保真度和分类精度对6种不同融合结果进行评价。结果表明不同的融合结果得到的分类精度均有不同程度的提高;3种融合方法中使用b2的融合效果均优于b1;SFIM变换在光谱失真较小的情况下能够较大程度地提高分类精度。因此使用b2的SFIM变换可以用于提高MODIS土地覆盖图的空间分辨率和精度。     

面向亚像元级积雪信息提取的MODIS影像波段融合方法研究

MODIS影像因其共享性和时间序列的完整性而成为大区域积雪监测研究广泛使用的数据源,进行MODIS影像波段间融合,能够为积雪研究提供较高分辨率的影像数据源。为了充分利用MODIS影像250 m分辨率波段的空间和光谱信息,提取亚像元级的积雪面积,使用两种具有高光谱保真度的影像融合方法：基于SFIM变换和基于小波变换的融合方法,采取不同的波段组合策略,对MODIS影像bands 1~2和bands 3~7进行融合,并以Landsat TM影像的积雪分类图作为“真值”,对融合后影像进行混合像元分解得到的积雪丰度图的精度进行评价。结果表明：利用基于SFIM变换和小波变换方法融合后影像提取的积雪分类图精度较高,数量精度为75%,比未融合影像积雪分类图的精度提高了6%,表明MODIS影像波段融合是一种提取高精度积雪信息的有效方法。     

基于遥感影像时间序列的冬小麦种植监测最佳时相选择研究

遥感影像植被分类的最佳时相对作物种植面积遥感监测非常重要。根据2005~2006年北京冬小麦不同物候期的Landsat TM影像和2006年Spot\|2影像,计算了各时期影像中主要植被类型的光谱可分性距离,分析了北京郊区主要植被物候差异和光谱可分性;对各生育期的遥感影像及其主要组合进行了监督分类,采用总体精度和分类效率指标两个参数,结合地面GPS调查数据,对分类结果进行了精度评价。结果表明：北京地区小麦监测最佳时相是4月上旬,影像分类的总体精度为92.9％,明显优于其它单时相影像的分类结果;发现北京郊区冬小麦光谱分类的最佳时相组合为4月上旬(起身期)和5月下旬(灌浆期),分类总体精度为94％。     

Land-cover classification in a moist tropical region of Brazil with Landsat TM imagery

This research aims to improve land-cover classification accuracy in a moist tropical region in Brazil by examining the use of different remote sensing-derived variables and classification algorithms. Different scenarios based on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) spectral data and derived vegetation indices and textural images, and different classification algorithms - maximum likelihood classification (MLC), artificial neural network (ANN), classification tree analysis (CTA), and object-based classification (OBC), were explored. The results indicated that a combination of vegetation indices as extra bands into Landsat TM multispectral bands did not improve the overall classification performance, but the combination of textural images was valuable for improving vegetation classification accuracy. In particular, the combination of both vegetation indices and textural images into TM multispectral bands improved overall classification accuracy by 5.6% and kappa coefficient by 6.25%. Comparison of the different classification algorithms indicated that CTA and ANN have poor classification performance in this research, but OBC improved primary forest and pasture classification accuracies. This research indicates that use of textural images or use of OBC are especially valuable for improving the vegetation classes such as upland and liana forest classes having complex stand structures and having relatively large patch sizes.     

Land-cover classification in a moist tropical region of Brazil with Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery

This research aims to improve land-cover classification accuracy in a moist tropical region in Brazil by examining the use of different remote-sensing-derived variables and classification algorithms. Different scenarios based on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) spectral data and derived vegetation indices and textural images and different classification algorithms, maximum likelihood classification (MLC), artificial neural network (ANN), classification tree analysis (CTA) and object-based classification (OBC), were explored. The results indicate that a combination of vegetation indices as extra bands into Landsat TM multi-spectral bands did not improve the overall classification performance, but the combination of textural images was valuable for improving vegetation classification accuracy. In particular, the combination of both vegetation indices and textural images into TM multi-spectral bands improved the overall classification accuracy (OCA) by 5.6% and the overall kappa coefficient (OKC) by 6.25%. Comparison of the different classification algorithms indicated that CTA and ANN have poor classification performance in this research, but OBC improved primary forest and pasture classification accuracies. This research indicates that use of textural images or use of OBC are especially valuable for improving the vegetation classes such as upland and liana forest classes that have complex stand structures and large patch sizes.     

基于改进决策树分类算法的遥感影像分类研究

针对现有分类器对遥感影像分类结果存不准确的问题,本文提出了一种基于决策树分类器的遥感影像分类方法,该方法以复合决策树Boost Tree思想为基础,首先利用分形理论中的毯模型提取遥感影像的纹理特征,根据遥感影像分类的特点,构造新的单棵决策树生成算法对遥感影像进行分类。以北京市五环内区域为研究区,使用landsat7 ETM数据源,实现了基于分形纹理特征、光谱特征的改进决策树分类。实验结果表明：通过毯模型提取的纹理特征可以很好地表达表面特征,辅以该纹理信息的改进决策树分类精度相比于只用光谱信息进行分类的精度有一定的提高,改善了分类效果。     

基于面向对象的多源卫星遥感影像玉米倒伏面积提取

风灾引起的玉米倒伏可能导致玉米大量减产,利用遥感技术准确监测玉米倒伏面积与空间分布信息对灾情的评估非常重要。利用Planet和Sentinel-2影像分别结合面向对象与基于像元方法提取研究区玉米倒伏,同时评估了不同影像特征（光谱特征、植被指数和纹理特征）与不同分类方法（支持向量机法SVM、随机森林法RF和最大似然法MLC）对玉米倒伏提取精度的影响。结果表明：(1)使用高空间分辨率的Planet影像进行玉米倒伏提取的精度普遍高于Sentinel-2影像;(2)从分类精度和面积精度来看,Planet影像的光谱特征+植被指数+均值特征结合面向对象RF分类,总体精度和Kappa系数分别为93.77%和0.87,面积的平均误差最低为4.76%;(3)采用Planet和Sentinel-2影像结合面向对象分类提取玉米倒伏精度高于基于像元分类。研究不仅分析了面向对象方法的优势,还评估了使用不用影像数据结合面向对象方法的适用性,可以为遥感提取作物倒伏相关研究提供一定的借鉴。     

The multispectral separability of Costa Rican rainforest types with support vector machines and Random Forest decision trees

Estimating the extent of tropical rainforest types is needed for biodiversity assessment and carbon accounting. In this study, we used statistical comparisons to determine the ability of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) bands and spectral vegetation indices to discriminate composition and structural types. A total of 144 old-growth forest plots established in northern Costa Rica were categorized via cluster analysis and ordination. Locations for palm swamps, forest regrowth and tree plantations were also acquired, making 11 forest types for separability analysis. Forest types classified using support vector machines (SVM), a theoretically superior method for solving complex classification problems, were compared with the random forest decision tree classifier (RF). Separability comparisons demonstrate that spectral data are sensitive to differences among forest types when tree species and structural similarity is low. SVM class accuracy was 66.6% for all forest types, minimally higher than the RF classifier (65.3%). TM bands and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) combined with digital elevation data notably increased accuracies for SVM (84.3%) and RF (86.7%) classifiers. Rainforest types discriminated here are typically limited to one or two categories for remote sensing classifications. Our results indicate that TM bands and ancillary data combined via machine learning algorithms can yield accurate and ecologically meaningful rainforest classifications important to national and international forest monitoring protocols.     

Improvement of tropical vegetation mapping using a remote sensing technique: A case of Khao Yai National Park,Thailand

The forest ecosystems of Thailand are characterized by a diverse and complex vegetation structure. Classification of vegetation types of such forest ecosystems has been experienced as a difficult task, even with large-scale aerial photography. Satellite remote sensing, the digital technique in particular, has not been widely used for vegetation mapping in Thailand until now. The objective of this study was to explore the potential of digital image processing over the existing technique of visual interpretation of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) false colour composite (BGR-2, 3, 4) to produce forest cover maps in Thailand. Supervised and unsupervised classification methods were employed with different band combinations to discriminate vegetation types in the Khao Yai National Park using Landsat TM data. The results indicated that thematic classes derived from supervised classification produced higher overall accuracy than unsupervised classification. In addition, the combination of ratio bands R4/3, R5/2, R5/4 and R5/7 ranked the highest in terms of accuracy (65% for unsupervised and 79% for supervised) and the combination of bands 2, 3 and 4 gave the lowest (56% for both methods). Finally, it was concluded that, even within the limit of spectral information available in the image, the digital classification can improve the result of visual interpretation.     

基于多季相Sentinel-2影像的白洋淀湿地信息提取

白洋淀湿地是华北平原上重要的浅水湖泊湿地,对雄安新区绿色发展具有重要的生态价值。对白洋淀高度异质化的景观格局进行分类,能够为白洋淀湿地资源的遥感监测提供指导意义。针对湿地季节变化的特点,对白洋淀每个季节选取一期具有代表性的Sentinel-2影像,采用分类与回归树（CART）、支持向量机（SVM）、随机森林（RF）3种常用的机器学习分类器对15种季相组合实验方案进行分类,分析不同季相遥感影像及其组合对白洋淀湿地信息提取的优劣。结果表明：相较于使用单一季相影像分类,多季相影像的组合能够显著提高分类精度,春&夏季相组合能够得到最优的分类效果,相对单季影像总体分类精度提高了10.9%~25.5%,Kappa系数提高了0.09~0.29;SVM分类器的分类表现较为稳定,能够得到最高的平均分类精度,CART分类器在处理高维特征的能力不如随机森林和SVM;不同特征类型对湿地信息提取的贡献度从高到底依次是红边光谱特征、传统光谱特征、缨帽变换特征、主成分分析特征、纹理特征。实验成果能为湿地信息的遥感识别提供依据。     

基于GDAL的遥感图像变化检测技术

由于GDAL（Geospatial Data Abstraction Library）具有快速读取多种格式的遥感图像且能有效解析空间元数据等特点,利用它开发遥感图像处理算法具有明显的优势。结合GDAL及相应算法,开发了一套复杂地形山区植被遥感变化检测的技术,其中包括利用阴影消除植被指数（Shadow Elimination Vegetation Index,SEVI）反演植被长势;利用图像差值法及最大类间方差法（OTSU）来提取植被长势明显变化点位;利用[K]均值聚类自动分割识别变化区域。将该方法用于武夷山自然保护区和闽江源自然保护区2016-2017年Landsat8 OLI遥感图像的植被长势变化检测,结果表明,这套遥感图像变化检测技术切实可行,能够有效识别遥感图像变化区域,并在复杂地形山区的植被长势监测中具有良好的应用价值。