基于混合ACA的缺陷钢轨高效电磁建模

提出了一种基于矩量法(MoM)结合多层快速多极子(MLFMA)和自适应交叉近似(ACA)算法计算目标电磁特性的算法,该算法实现了对电大尺寸复合目标散射计算的加速和内存的降低。对于目标自作用的近场区域,多层快速多极子加速矩量法中的矩阵矢量乘运算,降低了计算的存储和复杂度;对于远场区域,根据阻抗矩阵的低秩特性,采用ACA对其压缩,加速矩阵的填充。矩阵填充按照树形结构划分的单元块间的相互作用依次进行存储,对每一块与块之间的求解采用ACA算法,对矩阵做压缩处理。提出的基于ACA的混合算法能够对2个目标耦合作用的阻抗矩阵进行压缩,缩短矩阵的填充时间并降低内存需求,同时也能够减少迭代求解过程中矩阵向量的计算时间,从而极大缩短电磁散射计算的总时间。数值仿真实验表明该算法比传统方法计算更高效,且计算精确度保持一致。     

大型阵列结构电磁散射的P-FFT算法

提出利用预校正的快速傅立叶变换(P-FFT)和矩量法(MoM)快速分析电大阵列结构的电磁散射特性.研究了适合于电大尺寸结构近区和远区场计算的格林函数的快速算法,同时,利用Rao-Wilton-Glisson(RWG)函数作为基函数和测试函数,可以考虑阵列单元任意方向的表面电流或磁流分布,并利用P-FFT加速矩量法的矩阵求解,减少内存需求和计算时间.计算结果表明该方法特别适合于大型阵列电磁散射特性的分析.     

并行多层快速多极子的高效预条件技术

多层快速多极子法是基于矩量法的快速算法,具有较低的计算复杂度和存储复杂度,被广泛应用于目标电磁散射特性分析。对于复杂结构电磁目标,由于矩阵条件数较差,往往存在迭代收敛慢甚至不收敛的问题。针对这一情况,文中利用快速多极子的近区矩阵,结合稀疏矩阵方程求解构造了一种高效预条件。数值实例表明该方法相比于块对角预条件效果更好,能有效加速多层快速多极子迭代过程。     

基于多层快速多极子算法分析平面多层结构

由于多层平面结构空域闭式格林函数难以用加法定理展开,因此,将多层快速多极子算法推广到该类问题的分析存在一定困难.采用二级离散复镜像技术,获得了多层介质空域格林函数,通过对其表达形式做简单的改写,提出针对多层平面结构的多层快速多极子算法,详细讨论了加法定理展开条件对离散复镜像系数的影响及处理办法.数值算例验证了本文方法的准确性和有效性.     

协同计算在机载阵列天线分析中的应用

在机载阵列天线的分析过程中,采用单一种类的电磁算法通常难以对之高效求解。为了快速准确分析此类复杂电大目标的辐射和散射问题,基于区域分解的思想建立了一种多算法协同计算的统一架构。将复杂电磁问题划分为多个子区域,对于问题的不同子区域可以根据该区域内的材料、结构、馈源等特征来选择适合的数值方法进行计算。该协同计算框架将不同种类的算法隔离开来,不同区域之间统一采用等效面上的近场交换区域间的耦合作用,提高了算法协同的灵便性。各子区域内部可以采用并行计算、核外存储等技术来加快计算的过程,提高求解问题的规模。数值计算结果验证了该方法的有效性,同时采用并行核外高阶、低阶矩量法及多层快速多极子混合方法高效解决了机载微带天线阵的辐射特性分析问题。     

多尺度问题电磁特性叠层矩量法分析北大核心CSCD

论文提出了一种叠层矩量法分析多尺度目标电磁特性。论文采用矩量法直接计算强相互作用区域,多层矩阵压缩方法(MLMCM)和多层快速多极子方法(MLFMA)分别用于加速计算低频和高频作用区域。论文通过使用多分辨ILU(MR-ILU)预条件加速迭代求解矩量法离散多尺度目标产生的病态矩阵方程。通过分析实际多尺度目标电磁特性证明论文方法的有效性。     

MLFMA/VIE矩量法快速分析介质天线罩的电磁性能

采用体积积分方程矩量法(VIE-MoM)结合多层快速多极子算法(MLFMA)解决任意形状多层非均匀介质天线罩电磁性能的快速精确分析问题.首先借助三维CAD软件几何建模技术及网格离散技术,建立了介质天线罩的实体模型并用四面体单元离散,接着利用MLFMA/VIE-MoM在介质区域内建立矩阵方程,计算出天线罩罩体区域的体极化电流,最终得到在罩体影响下的天线的远场辐射特性和功率传输效率.数值结果表明,采用VIE-MoM结合MLFMA来分析复杂结构介质天线罩电磁性能可明显节省内存需求,提高计算效率和计算精度.     

隐身目标的P 波段电磁散射特性仿真研究

介绍了敌方隐身目标的威胁、P 波段反隐身的基本原理及该频段电磁散射特性的研究现状,分析了基于快速多极子技术的全波数值仿真方法在隐身目标散射特性精确求解中的独特作用;阐释了基于快速多极子技术的全波数值仿真方案实施的矩量法原理、快速多极子技术、预处理算法及高效迭代求解技术,通过与标准体的测量结果对比,验证了仿真方案的可靠性及精度;利用文中提出的仿真框架对几种典型的隐身目标进行数值仿真,讨论了隐身目标在P 波段的电磁散射特性。     

任意形状单元有限微带阵列的电磁散射分析

提出一种有限微带阵列电磁散射特性分析的有效方法。该法采用有限阵格林函数与矩量法相结合的方法，有效地解决了矩量法在大型阵列电磁特性分析中的计算效率问题；通过选取RWG基函数，使该法适用于任何单元形状的微带阵列。文中计算了矩形、十字形及圆形单元微带阵列的雷达截面，并与常规矩量法和参考文献的计算结果进行了比对，验证了该方法的有效性。     

大规模有限周期阵列电磁特性高效分析方法

宏块-特征基函数法(MB-CBFM)是一种分析大规模有限周期结构电磁特性的数值方法,其CPU时间和内存需求均为O(N),其中N是周期阵列的总未知量数.该方法中,周期单元被分成P类宏块.最终得到一个有PK个未知数的压缩矩阵方程,其中K为每个单元上的RWG基函数个数.虽然压缩矩阵计算利用了周期性,然而阻抗元素仍采用矩量法计...     

A novel implementation of multilevel fast multipole algorithm for higher order Galerkin's method

A new approach is proposed to reduce the memory requirements of the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) when applied to the higher order Galerkin's method. This approach represents higher order basis functions by a set of point sources such that a matrix-vector multiply is equivalent to calculating the fields at a number of points from given current sources at these points. The MLFMA is then applied to calculate the point-to-point interactions. This permits the use of more levels in MLFMA than applying MLFMA to basis-to-basis interactions directly and, thus, reduces the memory requirements significantly.     

一种基于矢量有限元与多层快速多极子技术的电磁散射快速并行算法

在混合矢量有限元/多层快速多极子算法的基础上提出了一种快速算法及其并行算法,该算法中,其有限元部分的计算可在单元级上完成,无须生成总体系数矩阵,因此可大大节省内存及计算时间;对多层快速多极子部分,将基函数和权函数分别用不同空间位置上的点源函数展开,使阻抗积分计算得到大大简化,所有转移过程可由快速傅立叶变换计算完成,同时还给出了一些其他的改进措施.数值结果说明了算法的有效性.     

An IE-ODDM-MLFMA Scheme With DILU Preconditioner for Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering From Large Complex Objects

For electrically large complex electromagnetic (EM) scattering problems, huge memory is often required for most EM solvers, which is too difficult to be handled by a personal computer (PC) even a workstation. Although the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) effectively deals with electrically large problems to some extent, it is still time and memory consuming for very large objects. In order to further reduce the CPU time and the memory requirement, a hybrid algorithm, based on the overlapped domain decomposition method for integral equations (IE-ODDM), MLFMA and block-diagonal, incomplete lower and upper triangular matrices (DILU) preconditioner, is proposed for the analysis of electrically large problems. The dominant memory requirement for plane wave expansions in the three processes of aggregation, translation and disaggregation in the MLFMA is drastically reduced by the first two techniques. The iterative procedure for each overlapped subdomain solved by the MLFMA is effectively sped up by the DILU preconditioner. After integrating these techniques, the proposed hybrid algorithm is more efficient in computing time and memory requirement compared to the conventional MLFMA and is more suitable for analyzing very large EM scattering problems. Enough accurate solution can be obtained within quite a few outer iterations, where an outer iteration means a complete sweep for all the subdomains. Some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate its validity and efficiency.     

Broadband MLFMA With Plane Wave Expansions and Optimal Memory Demand

A broadband multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) in 3D is presented based on plane wave expansions and diagonal translations on all division levels. The radiation and incoming wave patterns on all levels are presented by trigonometric polynomials, and optimal sampling rates and translator degrees are found and tabulated. On the super-wavelength levels the memory need and the computational cost are lowered more than by half compared to the traditional approach. On the sub-wavelength levels also a novel saving method for the field patterns is presented which is as efficient as saving the multipole series coefficients while all translations with the proposed method can still be carried out in the fast diagonal form. Also the direction dependence of the radiation and incoming wave patterns is lowered by half. The proposed broadband MLFMA has a very good error control on all division levels which we demonstrate by numerical testing.     

电大均匀介质目标三维散射的并行多层快速多极子计算

实现了计算电大均匀介质体散射问题的高效混合并行混合场积分方程(Electric and Magnetic Current Combined-Field Integral Equation, JMCFIE)求解, 在单纯消息传递接口(Message Passing Interface, MPI)并行基础上采用共享存储并行编程(Open Multi-Processing, OpenMP)进一步提升性能.该混合MPI与OpenMP的并行多层快速多极子技术通过灵活的进程和线程策略, 提升了负载平衡和可扩展性.数值实验展示了此混合MPI与OpenMP的并行多层快速多极子技术的计算能力, 计算了不同尺寸的电大目标体(包含一个半径120 m、1.1亿未知数目的介质球).     

A FAFFA-MLFMA algorithm for electromagnetic scattering

Based on the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA), an efficient method is proposed to accelerate the solution of the combined field integral equation in electromagnetic scattering and radiation, where the fast far-field approximation (FAFFA) is combined with MLFMA. The translation between groups in MLFMA is expensive because spherical Hankel functions and Legendre polynomials are involved and the translator is defined on an Eward sphere with many k/spl circ/ directions. When two groups are in the far-field region, however, the translation can be greatly simplified by FAFFA where only a single k/spl circ/ direction is involved in the translator. The condition for using FAFFA and the way to efficiently incorporate FAFFA with MLFMA are discussed. Complexity analysis illustrates that the computational cost in FAFFA-MLFMA can be asymptotically cut by half compared to the conventional MLFMA. Numerical results are given to verify the efficiency of the algorithm.     

Block storing method for efficient storage of near group impedance in MLMFA

The block storing method (BSM) based on Morton Key ordering for the efficient storage of the near group interaction matrix in the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is presented. The proposed method is applied in a parallel MLFMA and a scattering problem with nearly 5 300 000 unknowns is solved, for which the BSM saves 6.84 GB without any extra cost.     

Parallel in-core and out-of-core solution of electrically large problems using the RWG basis functions

Currently, the problem size that can be solved in reasonable time using the Method of Moments is limited by the amount of memory installed in the computer. This paper offers a new development that not only breaks this memory constraint, but also maintains the efficiency of running the problem in-core. In this paper, highly efficient parallel matrix-filling schemes are presented for parallel in-core and parallel out-of-core integral-equation solvers with subdomain RWG basis functions. The parallel methodology for matrix filling is quite different when using a subdomain basis as opposed to using a higher-order basis. The parallel in-core solver uses memory, which is often expensive and limited in size. The parallel out-of-core solver is introduced to extend the capability of MoM to solve larger problems that can be as large as the amount of storage on the hard disk. Numerical results on several typical computer platforms show that the parallel matrix-filling schemes and matrix-equation solvers introduced here are highly efficient and achieve theoretical predictions. The implementation of these advancements with the widely used RWG basis functions creates a powerful tool for efficient computational electromagnetics solution of complex real-world problems.     

一种自适应的射线传播多层快速多极子方法

在多层快速多极子方法中,外向波向内向波的转移计算是主要的计算量.传统的转移过程需要计算众多的角谱分量,造成较多计算时间和内存的耗费.一种自适应射线传播多层快速多极子方法可用以降低转移过程计算量.数值计算结果表明,这种算法能够保持合理精度的同时大大减少计算量,适于三维电大尺寸目标RCS的快速求解.     

高阶叠层渐近相位基函数结合快速多级子分析电大物体散射特性

由入射波与面电流的关系,引出了渐近相位(AP)在高阶叠层基函数(HO-RWG)中的应用,并运用到矩量法(MOM)中,与快速多级子方法(MLFMA)结合,分析了电大尺寸复杂目标的电磁散射特性。与高阶叠层基函数和零阶相位基函数(AP-CRWG)相比,在相同的计算精度下,都可以大大减少未知量数量,从而可以节省大量内存和计算时间。计算实例表明,该方法有较高的精确性和有效性。