基于物联网的智能疏散指示标志应用探讨

分析目前消防疏散指示标志管理中存在的问题,将基于物联网的ZigBee技术引入疏散指示标志消防管理中,可以实现统一控制、智能巡检,解决了人员的定位、疏散指示标志维修等问题,使疏散指示标志能准确、及时地发挥作用,减少疏散时间,降低火灾事故造成的损失,在消防管理中起到积极的作用。     

火灾应急照明与疏散指示标志的控制装置问题探讨

火灾应急照明与疏散指示标志的控制装置 ,关系着火灾事故发生时能否可靠地提供应急照明与指示疏散     

火灾应急照明与疏散指示标志的控制装置问题探讨

火灾应急照明与疏散指示标志的控制装置,关系着火灾事故发生时能否可靠地提供应急照明与指示疏散。     

浅谈疏散指示标志和应急电源装置等问题

通过对疏散走道的灯光疏散指示标志和地面上增加需要保持视觉连续的灯光疏散指示标志的安装是否可以取代的问题进行分析,讨论了两种灯光疏散指示标志的共性及区别,并讨论了EPS应急电源装置在工程中的使用问题。     

智能疏散诱导系统中动态标志对人群疏散的影响

介绍动态标志的工作原理及光源的选择原则,建立动态标志对人群疏散影响的表达式,研究动态标志的控制策略。在"黑屋"实验平台上,借助烟气发生装置混入6%的醋酸模拟烟气环境,用CFAST计算火灾危险来临时间,通过不同特征人群的疏散实验,分析从众度、偏向度对人群疏散行为的作用机制,研究照度、人群密度与疏散时间的关系,得到人群必需疏散时间。结果表明:动态标志能够改变人员选择出口的概率,达到人群均衡疏散的目的。     

浅谈智能疏散指示系统软件的设计原则

介绍智能疏散指示系统的研究意义,分析总结人员安全疏散原则,包括疏散路线、双向优化、均衡快速疏散等。通过计算两个安全出口及疏散通道宽度对疏散指示标志设置的影响,归纳总结疏散指示标志设置条件,并对在此基础上设计的智能疏散指示工程检测与辅助设计软件做简要介绍。     

基于触觉的消防应急疏散技术研究

分析利用触觉疏散的可行性,利用人体触觉技术,提出基于触觉的消防应急疏散技术。设计了一款基于触觉的消防应急疏散标志,利用触觉感知方向模组的指示方向,进而获取疏散方向。介绍该疏散标志的触摸形状设计、结构设计、电气设计、工作原理及通信协议。该标志对于抵抗火灾现场的浓烟具有很好的效果,可广泛用于大型建筑中的人员疏散。     

HYG3000集中电源集中控制型消防应急照明疏散指示系统

1概述HYG3000集中电源集中控制型消防应急照明疏散指示系统是沈阳宏宇光电子科技有限公司针对传统疏散指示标志存在的缺陷而研发的一种高科技的智能疏散指示系统。该系统将独立的消防应急标志灯和应急照明灯整合在一起,可实时监控应急标志灯和应急照明灯的工作状态,并可实现与火灾自动报警系统的通讯与联动,自动获取火灾报警位置信息,并通过其内嵌的自适应蚁群算法软件自动生成最佳疏散路径,     

室外应急导向标志版面信息设计

总结应急导向标志的设计原则。针对室外疏散环境特点,将室外应急导向标志分为疏散起点、途中、终点三类,并基于不同环境下公众的不同心理需求,对每类标志应提供哪些主要导向信息进行理论分析和归纳,同时给出设计示例,并对其信息量进行度量。研究成果可用于指导室外应急导向标志版面信息的标准化设计,对提高应急疏散效率有一定意义。     

疏散通道交叉口诱导标志设计

针对复杂建筑空间内疏散通道的特点,提出了一种基于组合灯光的消防应急疏散技术,并设计了一款疏散通道交叉口的诱导标志,利用组合灯光指示通道通堵信息和安全疏散方向。介绍标志灯的结构设计、电控设计和通信协议。该标志灯对复杂环境具有良好的指示效果,可广泛用于大型综合体和地下空间的人员疏散。     

城市地下空间声信号对人员疏散效率的影响

地下空间作为解决城市核心区域土地资源不足的空间形式,其数量与日俱增。火灾时人员安全疏散是对各类建筑空间的基本要求,然而地下空间由于其“封闭”的环境特征,在防火疏散方面存在安全隐患。本文分析了不同类型地下空间的声学特征,并选取重庆市某地下防空洞作为模拟火灾烟雾环境的实验场地,旨在探讨声信号对疏散效率的影响,从而为地下空间的疏散设计提供新思路。62位受试者被随机分为3组,分别在无声信号、有警报声和语音声的环境下进行疏散实验。通过分析实验数据、疏散人员心理与性别,结果显示声信号的引导能显著提高地下长空间的疏散效率,有警报声组和语音声组分别比无声信号组的疏散成功率提高了25.5%和35.0%。     

建筑火灾中智能疏散诱导系统的仿真研究

采用改进型元胞自动机模型．模拟不同人员在混合行为模式下的疏散过程：研究智能疏散诱导系统的视觉诱导、听觉诱导及双重诱导对疏散过程的影响,给出一种动态标识疏散路径的方法：在不同行为模式下,动态标识疏散路径的结果可缩短疏散时间,提高安全疏散效率;该仿真研究可为研制新型智能疏散诱导系统提供科学依据。     

Optimum location for fire alarms in apartment buildings

Measurements on the alarm sound distribution in nine apartment buildings showed that if adequate awakening potential is to be provided for sleeping residents, an alarm sounding device must be located within each apartment. Information on the minimum sound level necessary to awaken such a sleeping person is also given. A procedure that can be used to determine sound attenuation within apartment buildings is presented. Examples to demonstrate such a procedure are provided.     

Influences of intelligent evacuation guidance system on crowd evacuation in building fire

The intelligent evacuation guidance system (IEGS) is a new concept and product in China, using an intelligent inducing algorithm to get dynamic evacuation routes and improving evacuation efficiency. This paper analyzes IEGS's influences on crowd evacuation by simulating a fire scene on the experimental platform of the “black house”, and some important conclusions are obtained. These conclusions including layout of exit position, settings of evacuation channel number and width, determining of installation distance and installation position mode of the intelligent acousto-optic evacuation indicator (IAEI), and choice of sound and visual inducing, can be a guidance in practical engineering and provide a reference for national standard ‘fire emergency evacuation lighting indication system (EELIS)’ modification.     

楼梯及转向平台的人流疏散问题研究

以经典社会力模型为基础,考虑楼梯间行人的各种相互作用力,引入转向概率进行修正,研究人群在楼梯内疏散的运动行为。进一步考虑人流率与时间的关系,提出非匀速下行人运动疏散时间模型,并基于AnyLogic平台模拟仿真,验证了模型的合理性,得到楼梯内行人运动存在的瓶颈现象,并给出相应的措施,为建筑物楼梯的规划与应急疏散引导提供参考。     

Study of announced evacuation drill from a retail store

Study of evacuation from fire is always focused on evacuation models, but rarely on evacuation experiments. This paper presents the results acquired from an announced evacuation drill of XIN LIAN XIN Store in China. There are two floors and five emergency exits in the building. Most of the customers knew there would be an evacuation drill before they entered the store, but they did not know the exact beginning time. The video of the whole evacuation process was recorded using television cameras installed in the store. The customers who evacuated from the store were asked to complete a questionnaire by researchers positioned outside the five exits. Analysis of the videotapes provided information on total evacuation time and actual number of customers who evacuated from the store. Questionnaires present the information on customer characteristics, primary behavior at alarm, pre-movement time and exit choice. The analysis results show that pre-movement time is an important part of evacuation process. Strengthening detector, alarm equipments and staff training are very effective and necessary for fire safety in China. These data can also be used as input parameters for evacuation models in performance-based fire protection design or validating the evacuation models' accuracy.     

基于BIM 技术的高层火灾应急疏散研究

为减少拥堵发生概率,合理配置逃生出口利用率,提升高层公共建筑应急管理信息化与现代化能力,采用 BIM 技术构建参数化信息模型,应用火灾动力学软件（Pyrosim、Pathfinder）对某教学楼的火灾场景、人员疏散情况进行数值模拟,并对疏散方案重新规划。模拟结果表明：基于信息整合与可视化分析后的疏散引导策略将疏散时长缩短 48.04 s,将整体疏散效率提高9.72%。BIM 技术的路径重规划能够进一步满足火灾疏散安全性与科学性要求。     

基于听觉交互的应急疏散智能系统

本文提出了基于听觉交互的应急疏散智能系统,介绍了基本的听觉交互技术,如可听化、虚拟声频技术,对系统体系结构、基本实现方法及设计原则作了深入研究,并就其国外研究进展和今后方向等作了论述。     

Evacuation experiment in a road tunnel: A study of human behaviour and technical installations

An evacuation experiment was performed in a road tunnel in order to investigate how motorists behave and emotionally respond when exposed to a fire emergency, how information and wayfinding systems are perceived and whether green flashing lights can influence exit choice. The participants believed that they were taking part in a study about driving behaviour. Approximately 1 km inside the tunnel participants encountered an accident, i.e., cars and smoke. The fire alarm, which consists of a pre-recorded alarm and information signs, was also activated and green flashing lights at emergency exits were started. The results show that it was difficult to make out what was said in the pre-recorded alarm. However, an acoustic signal was positive since it alerted motorists and made them look for additional information. The information signs were also important for the decision to leave the vehicle. Social influence was found to be essential, both with regards to the decision to leave the vehicle and the choice of exit. The results also suggest that arousal level influences the amount of information noticed by motorists, which implies that technical installations, e.g., wayfinding systems, should be tested under stressful conditions before they can be relied upon in a real tunnel fire.     

建筑火灾中基于人群行为特征的智能疏散诱导

提出人员逃生从众度、疏散路径选择度等基本概念,通过建立“黑屋”实验平台,用多组人群进行多次疏散实验,研究人群疏散行为参数对疏散时间的影响。把建筑结构参数、火灾中的烟气、温度等参变量通过数据融合处理形成统一的知识表征。用人群密度、人员逃生从众度、疏散路径选择度等参数来表征火灾中人群的行为特征。首次构建智能疏散诱导的机理模型,形成基于人群特征的智能疏散诱导系统。通过智能疏散诱导系统对疏散指示灯的PWM控制,实现疏散路径的动态调整与优化,给出人群疏散的动态标识路径。实验结果表明该系统能够缩短疏散时间,提高疏散效率。