多孔羟基磷灰石微球的原位转化制备研究

利用锂钙硼(LCB)玻璃在磷酸盐溶液中的原位转化反应制备多孔的羟基磷灰石(HAP)微球,通过XRD、SEM和FTIR对微球的物相组成、形貌等进行了表征。结果表明,微球具有良好的多孔结构,表现为非晶态特性,600℃热处理后,转变成HAP晶体,同时HAP部分分解转变为Ca3(PO4)2。此外,对多孔HAP微球的形成机理进行了分析。在磷酸盐溶液中,玻璃表面原位生成Ca-P-OH水化物,并在玻璃表面原来Ca2+的位置沉积下来,形成微球壳,而由Li+和B3+占据的位置,因其溶出形成孔隙。这样的结构将使之成为良好的药物载体。     

硼酸盐玻璃转化制备中空羟基磷灰石微球的研究

利用锂钙硼玻璃在磷酸盐溶液中的原位转化反应制备表面多孔且中空的羟基磷灰石(HAP)微球,通过XRD、SEM和BET对微球的物相组成、形貌和球壳的孔结构进行了表征.结果表明,微球具有良好的中空结构,600℃热处理后,微球球壳完全由HAP晶体组成,并显示出一定的机械强度(单个微球的抗压强度达到(2.1±0.6)MPa),球壳的气孔率为85%,平均孔径60nm.此外,对中空HAP微球的形成机理进行了分析.在磷酸盐溶液中,玻璃表面原位生成Ca-P-OH水化物,并在玻璃表面原来Ca2+的位置沉积下来,形成微球壳,而由Li+和B3+占据的位置,因其溶出形成孔隙.这样的结构将使之成为贮库型药物释放系统的载体.     

多孔羟基磷灰石微球的药物缓释性能

用锂钙硼（LCB）玻璃在磷酸盐溶液中的原位转化反应制备多孔羟基磷灰石（HA）微球,表征微球的物相组成、孔结构和形貌,以溶菌酶为药物模型研究了药物的缓释性能。结果表明,所制备的HA微球具有较好的孔结构。当溶菌酶溶液的浓度较低时,HA微球将溶菌酶吸附在微球的外表面;当浓度较高时,更多的溶菌酶扩散进入HA微球的微孔中,使缓释...     

生物可降解高分子多孔微球制备与应用的研究进展

生物可降解高分子多孔微球可以在体内降解并且无毒副作用,已经被广泛应用于药物控制释放、组织工程等领域,它们的制备及应用是近年来的研究热点。概述了生物可降解高分子多孔微球的几种制备方法及其应用领域,并对生物可降解高分子多孔微球的未来发展前景进行了展望。     

微米级多孔聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯微球的制备、改性及应用综述

微米级多孔聚合物微球作为一种新型功能材料,是目前高分子材料领域的一大研究热点。微球粒径通常在1μm至数百微米,干燥状态下内部有几埃甚至几千埃的孔隙,具有球形度好、比表面积大、骨架密度低、吸附性强、力学强度高、与不同极性的有机溶剂兼容性好等诸多优点,在生物医学、分析化学、环境保护、催化剂载体以及电子产品等领域中有十分广阔的应用前景。其中多孔聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯微球除了具有高分子微球的一般特点外,还有物理及化学稳定性好、热稳定性好、生产成本低、工业应用前景广等优点,同时微球的苯环反应活性高,易于进行一系列的功能化反应,从而扩大其应用领域。基于上述优点,多孔聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯微球是目前应用最多的多孔聚合物微球。广阔的应用前景和市场,使得多孔聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯微球的制备和功能化成为国内外学者研究的热点,并取得了令人瞩目的发展。在过去的几十年中逐渐出现了多种微球制备方法。悬浮聚合法是制备多孔聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯微球的传统方法,其操作简单,产物后处理方便,但是得到的微球粒径呈多分散性。种子溶胀法被普遍认为是制备单分散多孔聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯微球较好的方法,该方法在制备表面功能化、单分散大粒径的聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯微球方面具有明显优势。沉淀聚合法也可以用来制备单分散的微球,但是该方法制备的微球交联度低、产量低,而且不易制备具有多孔结构的功能性微球。近几年利用微工程乳化技术制备微球的报道越来越多,包括微孔膜/微通道乳化法和微流控技术。这类方法制备的聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯微球单分散性良好,粒径、孔径等重现性好,为制备多孔聚合物微球开辟了新的方向。与此同时很多研究者致力于功能性多孔聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯微球的开发,通过在微球上引入各种功能基团改善微球的疏水性、溶解性和生物亲和性等,制得的不同特性的微球可应用于高效色谱填料、催化剂载体、生物医学、吸附剂等领域。本文首次详尽地分析和综述了微米级多孔聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯微球的制备方法和改性方法,讨论了影响微球孔径及孔分布的重要因素,并总结了该类微球近几年的应用研究状况,最后对多孔聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯微球的发展前景进行了展望。     

利用多孔微球发泡法制备泡沫玻璃及其烧成工艺研究

本工作以废玻璃粉为主要原材料制备多孔微球，利用多孔微球发泡法制备高气孔率的泡沫玻璃，研究了烧成温度、升温速率和保温时间对泡沫玻璃孔结构特征参数的影响，提出了利用多孔微球制备泡沫玻璃的最佳烧成工艺参数。结果表明：当玻璃粉球磨至D50为4μm左右时，可以制备高气孔率的泡沫玻璃。随着烧成温度的升高，泡沫玻璃的孔径增大，气孔率增加；适当提高升温速率可增加泡沫玻璃的气孔率，降低其体积吸水率；延长保温时间，泡沫玻璃的体积吸水率增加，析晶增多，主要晶相包括SiO₂(石英)、SiO₂(鳞石英)和Na₂Ca₃Si₆O₁₆(失透石)。利用多孔微球制备泡沫玻璃的最佳烧成温度为700～750℃,升温速率为3～5℃/min,保温时间为1～2 h。本实验制备的泡沫玻璃具有较高的抗压强度(0.8～2.9 MPa),可用作建筑保温材料。     

多孔聚合物微球成孔技术的最新研究进展

综述了多孔聚合物微球的制备方法及成孔机理。种子溶胀法和微膜乳化法用于制备具有微孔、中孔结构的单分散聚合物微球;而大孔聚合物微球的制备通常采用传统的悬浮聚合,并通过后交联法改善其孔性能,提高其比表面积。     

荔枝状CaCO3@HA/Fe3O4磁性介孔多级微球的制备

为了克服常规的生物陶瓷微球缺乏靶向功能的缺点, 本研究制备了内核为CaCO₃, 外壳为磁性可调控羟基磷灰石(HA)的新型荔枝状多孔微球。结果表明: 抗肿瘤药物阿霉素(DOX)能有效地负载于磁性HA微球上, 并具备磁性靶向功能。此外, HA外壳具有良好的生物相容性和pH响应特性, 可在模拟酸性肿瘤细胞环境中控制DOX的释放, 有效杀死肿瘤细胞, 并在模拟正常细胞培养环境中减少对正常细胞的毒副作用。这种新型的微球材料具有超顺磁性能, 且微结构可控, 是一种智能化药物控释微球载体, 可以灵敏地释放DOX, 从而有效地实现抗肿瘤活性。     

SiO_2微球的制备及药物溶出性能研究

采用模板法制备出分散的球形介孔SiO2微球,以红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热失重差热(TG-DTA)、氮气吸附-脱附(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等方法对SiO2微球的结构及微观形貌进行了表征,结果表明,SiO2微球为无定形介孔单分散型,粒径在200~500nm。将制备的SiO2微球用于盐酸金霉素载体,考察SiO2微球负载盐酸金霉素的溶出度,结果表明:SiO2微球提高了药物的溶出度,在1h左右累计溶出80%,表明制备的介孔SiO2微球可以作为水难溶性药物的优良载体。     

碳酸钙纳米结构多孔空心微球的制备及其药物缓释性能研究

以CaCl2和Na2CO3为反应物,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,在室温水溶液中制备了纳米结构碳酸钙空心球.用TEM和SEM对其进行形貌观察发现,所制备的碳酸钙空心球的球壁由纳米粒子组成,具有多孔形貌特征.分别在模拟胃液(pH＝1.2)以及模拟肠液(pH＝7.4)中对制备的纳米结构碳酸钙空心球进行了药物装载和缓释性能的研究,选用的药物为布洛芬(IBU).研究结果表明,IBU/CaCO3多孔空心微球药物传输体系具有较高的药物装载量和良好的药物缓释性能,纳米结构碳酸钙空心球中IBU的装载量可以达到195mg/g,且连续释药时间能持续53h以上;除去表面活性剂后,载体中IBU的装载量可达到130mg/g,药物释放率为100%时,持续释药时间可达到40h.纳米结构碳酸钙多孔空心球作为药物载体材料在药物缓释体系中具有潜在的应用前景.     

Preparation of open porous polycaprolactone microspheres and their applications as effective cell carriers in hydrogel system

Common hydrogel, composed of synthetic polymers or natural polysaccharides could not support the adhesion of anchorage-dependent cells due to the lack of cell affinitive interface and high cell constraint. The use of porous polyester microspheres as cell-carriers and introduction of cell-loaded microspheres into the hydrogel system might overcome the problem. However, the preparation of the open porous microsphere especially using polycaprolactone (PCL) has been rarely reported. Here, the open porous PCL microspheres were fabricated via the combined emulsion/solvent evaporation and particle leaching method. The microspheres exhibited porous surface and inter-connective pore structure. Additionally, the pore structure could be easily controlled by adjusting the processing parameters. The surface pore size could be altered from 20 μm to 80 μm and the internal porosities were varied from 30% to 70%. The obtained microspheres were evaluated to delivery mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and showed the improved cell adhesion and growth when compared with the non-porous microspheres. Then, the MSCs loaded microspheres were introduced into agarose hydrogel. MSCs remained alive and sustained proliferation in microsphere/agarose composite in 5-day incubation while a decrement of MSCs viabilities was found in agarose hydrogel without microspheres. The results indicated that the microsphere/hydrogel composite had a great potential in cell therapy and injectable system for tissue regeneration.     

Soybean Lecithin‐Mediated Nanoporous PLGA Microspheres with Highly Entrapped and Controlled Released BMP‐2 as a Stem Cell Platform

Injectable polymer microsphere‐based stem cell delivery systems have a severe problem that they do not offer a desirable environment for stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation because it is difficult to entrap a large number of hydrophilic functional protein molecules into the core of hydrophobic polymer microspheres. In this work, soybean lecithin (SL) is applied to entrap hydrophilic bone morphogenic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) into nanoporous poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA)‐based microspheres by a two‐step method: SL/BMP‐2 complexes preparation and PLGA/SL/BMP‐2 microsphere preparation. The measurements of their physicochemical properties show that PLGA/SL/BMP‐2 microspheres had significantly higher BMP‐2 entrapment efficiency and controlled triphasic BMP‐2 release behavior compared with PLGA/BMP‐2 microspheres. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo stem cell behaviors on PLGA/SL/BMP‐2 microspheres are analyzed. Compared with PLGA/BMP‐2 microspheres, PLGA/SL/BMP‐2 microspheres have significantly higher in vitro and in vivo stem cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and matrix mineralization abilities. Therefore, injectable nanoporous PLGA/SL/BMP‐2 microspheres can be potentially used as a stem cell platform for bone tissue regeneration. In addition, SL can be potentially used to prepare hydrophilic protein‐loaded hydrophobic polymer microspheres with highly entrapped and controlled release of proteins.     

PLA-PEG-PLA的微波合成工艺及其在鬼臼毒素载药微球中的应用

采用微波法合成PLA和PLA-PEG-PLA,以PLA和PLA-PEG-PLA的粘均分子量和得率为评价指标,对微波功率和微波反应时间进行了单因素实验。以合成的PLA-PEG-PLA为药物载体,采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备了(Po-dophyllotoxin,PPT)/PLA-PEG-PLA载药微球,考察了载药微球的药物缓释性能。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对微波法合成的PLA和PLA-PEG-PLA以及制备的载药微球的微观结构进行了表征分析。结果表明,最佳微波功率为200W,最佳反应时间为30min时,合成的三元嵌段共聚物PLA-PEG-PLA的粘均分子量为5.2×103。体外释药研究表明,PPT/PLA-PEG-PLA-MS具有明显的药物缓释性。     

Preparation and characterization of fenofibrate-loaded PLA–PEG microspheres

A series of biodegradable block copolymer of poly(lactide)(PLA)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were prepared by Ring-Opening polymerization of D, L-lactide, using stannous octoate as a catalyst. By nanoprecipitation method, the PLA-PEG can be made into microspheres containing fenofibrate, which is a kind of important cholesterol-lowering drugs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the copolymer composition on the size, the entrapment and the release behavior of the fenofibrate loaded microspheres. The microspheres can be achieved with small size below 100 nm, better encapsulation efficiencies of more than 55.3% and slower release rates. The release of fenofibrate from microsphere would reach the balance first, when the microsphere prepared by high proportion of hydrophilic PEG block. And the release property of fenofibrate/PLA-PEG microsphere was better than Lipanthyl (a commercial capsule of fenofibrate). It was observed that the composition of PLA-PEG copolymer played a major role in encapsulation efficiency of microspheres and release rates.     

可降解自乳化聚氨酯微球的合成及性能研究

将预聚-扩链-中和-乳化法联合运用,一步合成出自乳化聚氨酯微球。研究了自乳化聚氨酯微球的合成条件。包括二异氰酸酯单体种类对微球形态的影响;异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）和聚丙二醇（PPG）单体配比对乳化效果的影响;乳化时间对微球形态的影响;反应温度、聚合时间和搅拌速度等对微球合成的影响。并以可降解的聚乳酸（PLA）取代部分PPG合成出可降解的自乳化聚氨酯微球,对其在磷酸缓冲液中的降解性进行了研究。通过IR及SEM对自乳化聚氨酯微球进行了表征,找出了合成稳定、均匀和形态好的自乳化聚氨酯微球的最佳条件。     

Erratum

In this study, we developed novel microspheres comprised of an apatite-gelatin nanocomposite. This microsphere formulation is considered to be useful as a bone regenerative filler, either directly or combined with polymeric matrices. Using the water-in-oil emulsion technique, the apatite-gelatin viscous nanocomposite solution was successfully formulated into microspheres with an average diameter of ∼110 μm. The microspheres were constituted of apatite nanocrystallines precipitated within the gelatin matrix, revealing a typical nanocomposite internal structure. This nanocomposite structure contrasted markedly with that of the conventional composite microspheres which were obtained by directly mixing gelatin with apatite powder. Initial cellular assays showed that the microspheres maintained the adhesion and proliferation of the osteoblastic cells, suggesting the usefulness of the apatite-gelatin nanocomposite microspheres in the bone regeneration field. The online version of the original article can be found at     

Preparation and characterization of collagen-modified polylactide microparticles

To improve cytocompatibility of polylactide (PLA) and to obtain an injectable scaffold for tissue engineering, collagen-modified PLA (CPLA) microparticles were prepared. Poly-(α-methacrylic acid)-grafted PLA (PMAA-PLA) was obtained by photooxidization and UV induced polymerization. Suspension of PMAA-PLA microspheres with an average size of 172.8 ± 3.6 nm was prepared with solvent evaporation technique. CPLA microparticles were prepared by adding collagen acetic acid solution into PMAA-PLA microsphere suspension prepared above. FTIR spectrum of PMAA-PLA confirmed that PMAA had been grafted on PLA surface. Analytical results of FTIR, XPS, SEM, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained and zeta potential measurement showed that the CPLA microparticles obtained by modifying PMAA-PLA microspheres with collagen molecules uniformly have a microporous structure and a particle size of less than 100 μm. The CPLA microparticles were expected to be used as an injectable scaffold for tissue regeneration.     

Microsphere of apatite-gelatin nanocomposite as bone regenerative filler

In this study, we developed novel microspheres comprised of an apatite-gelatin nanocomposite. This microsphere formulation is considered to be useful as a bone regenerative filler, either directly or combined with polymeric matrices. Using the water-in-oil emulsion technique, the apatite-gelatin viscous nanocomposite solution was successfully formulated into microspheres with an average diameter of ∼110 μm. The microspheres were composed of apatite nanocrystallines precipitated within the gelatin matrix, revealing a typical nanocomposite internal structure. This nanocomposite structure contrasted markedly with that of the conventional composite microspheres which were obtained by directly mixing gelatin with apatite powder. Initial cellular assays showed that the microspheres maintained the adhesion and proliferation of the osteoblastic cells, suggesting the usefulness of the apatite-gelatin nanocomposite microspheres in the bone regeneration field. An erratum to this article is available at .     

壳聚糖涂层聚乳酸细胞微载体的制备和性能

采用氨解技术在聚乳酸微球表面引入自由氨基,再利用戊二醛将氨基转化为醛基,最后采用接枝涂层技术将壳聚糖固定到聚乳酸微球表面,制备了壳聚糖表面改性的聚乳酸细胞微载体.分别采用茚三酮法和乙酰丙酮-对二甲氨基苯甲醛法测定了聚乳酸微球表面的氨基和壳聚糖含量.发现氨基的量初始随氨解时间的延长而增大,达到最大(2.94×10-7mol/mg)后保持不变.与空白聚乳酸微球相比,软骨细胞在壳聚糖改性聚乳酸微球表面能够更有效地粘附和生长,分布更为均匀.     

可生物降解聚乳酸载青风藤总碱微球的制备工艺

探索青风藤总生物碱微球(CSA-MS)的制备方法并优化制备工艺.采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备CSA-MS,紫外分光光度法测定MS的包封率和栽药量,扫描电镜观察MS的形貌,粒径测定仪测MS粒径分布情况,并测试药物的体外释放情况.结果显示,MS外观圆整,平均粒径为(21.5±1.22)μm.正交实验优化了MS的制备工艺,其优化...