高速钢丝和弹簧钢丝的温拔

经过感应加热后，对高速钢丝和弹簧钢丝进行了温拔，为了分析钢丝的温拔工艺过程，测定了拉拔温度和拉拔力，拉拔速度恒定不张，研制了一种新型润滑剂，它允许有更大的减面率，得到较好的表面质量，测定了加热后拉拔钢丝的机械性能，应用了统计分析的方法估算拉丝模型角度，道次减面率和拉拔温度对钢丝机械性能以及整个拉拔工艺过程的影响。由于温拔增加了道次减面率和总减面率，使高速钢丝的拉拔工艺得到了很大改进，也减少了中间热     

冷拔工艺对0Cr13铁素体不锈钢Φ2.51mm冷拔材组织和性能的影响

Φ5.50 mm 0Cr13铁素体不锈钢(/%:0.03C,0.43Si,0.65Mn,≤0.030P,≤0.030S,12.80Cr)热轧盘条860℃2 h退火,并经5和7道次冷拔至Φ2.51 mm材。试验研究了冷拔变形量、减面率分配,冷拔道次数量等因素对钢的组织和性能的影响。结果表明,当总减面率大于61.3%时钢中出现明显纤维状组织;在冷拔过程钢的抗拉强度随减面率增加呈现快速-缓慢-快速增加3个阶段;头两道次冷拔,均匀分配减面率时钢的加工硬化严重;总减面率79.2%,5道次冷拔钢丝比7道次拉拔的钢丝抗拉强度高20 MPa;头两道次合适的减面率为第1道次35.1%,第2道次10.5%;从具体生产条件综合考虑,5道次比7道次更适合Φ2.51 mm 0Cr13钢材的生产。     

大应变变形珠光体钢丝微观组织结构的研究

  采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了以不同应变量拉拔变形后SWRH72A钢丝的显微组织变化,并测量了钢丝力学性能、磁学性能随应变量增大的变化趋势。试验结果表明,随着拉拔变形应变量的增大,珠光体片层间距逐渐减小,钢丝强度随之升高。由于变形应变量的增大,微缺陷密度升高,钢丝矫顽力Hc和剩余磁化强度Mr都随之变大。而应变量较小时,钢丝比饱和磁化强度基本不变,为227.87 emu/g。当应变量增大到2.60时,样品的比饱和磁化强度升高到233.55 emu/g,计算得知钢丝中渗碳体的质量分数由未变形状态的10.8%降至8.6%。     

钢丝拉拔过程损伤模型及模拟计算

  为研究材料拉拔成型过程中的损伤问题,以1860MPa级PC钢绞线为研究对象,运用损伤力学理论分析了钢丝拉拔成形过程,采用ABAQUS软件建立了钢丝拉拔成形过程的材料损伤有限元模型,并利用该有限元模型计算了拉拔形变过程中材料损伤的演化规律。计算结果表明,钢丝经单道次拉拔形变后,材料损伤值呈周期性分布,其损伤最大值始终出现在某几个节点上。随着形变量增加,钢丝损伤值也逐渐增加,从第1道次的0.0034逐渐增加到第8道次的0.0136,但增加的幅度逐渐减小。对于模具顶角为8°钢丝拉拔,单道次压缩率为16%～18%,损伤分布也较均匀,最大损伤值也较小。     

PL冷镦钢试制5.8级螺栓的研究

本文研究用PL冷镦钢试制5.8级螺栓,采用拉拔+拉拔、取消中间退火和把两道次拉拔合为一道次拉拔两种新工艺。试验结果表明:将拉拔的总减面率控制在25～35％范围内,试制的螺栓各项性能指标均达到GB3098中5.8级螺栓的技术要求,新工艺与原工艺相比,对模具的寿命没有明显影响。螺栓强度的提高主要是材料拉拔时加工硬化机制的贡献。     

关于弹簧钢丝热处理的探讨

盘条或钢丝半成品经过冷加工变形后,机械性能有很大的变化:抗张强度、硬度和弹性极限提高,表现为伸长率和面缩率的延展性和韧性相应地降低。冷加工造成钢丝机械性能变化的根本原因在于金属內部组织的变化。为了提高钢丝的塑性,以满足大减面率的拉拔变形,对于碳素弹簧钢丝一般都采用铅淬火处理。本文试就铅淬火的最优工艺及新的强化钢丝热处理的途径进行初浅探讨。     

拉拔管材道次延伸系数的近似计算方法

拉拔管材时道次延伸系数的取值范围,在有关手册或专业教材中都能找到。可是在落实具体的拉管配模(含衬芯)工艺时,常常使人为难。因为延伸系数λ,是管子外径D和壁厚S的函数。缺少经验的工艺人员往往掌握不好减径量ΔD和减壁量ΔS的搭配关系。为此,作者设计了一种近似计算方法,可以迅速掌握设计拉拔管材的工艺流程。设外径减缩系数K_D和壁厚减缩系数K_S分别定义为:K_D=D_0/D_H和K_S=S_0/S_H,式中D_O、S_O和D_H、S_H分别为拉拔前和拉拔后的管子外径、壁厚。道次延伸系数λ与K_D和     

82B高速线材拉拔过程中显微组织的演变分析

借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察分析研究了82B线材在拉拔过程中显微组织和芯部马氏体的演变规律。分析认为:由于索氏体属于细片状珠光体,拉拔变形时,承受滑移的铁素体相不易引起应力集中;渗碳体相为细薄片层形态,也能够发生塑性变形,经过多道次的拉拔,索氏体基体变形量较大,没有出现任何裂纹。而芯部由偏析形成的马氏体,其塑性变形能力明显低于索氏体,基本无变形,在基本拉应力和附加拉应力的共同作用下,在早期拉拔时就在芯部出现裂纹,在后期拉拔过程中,裂纹沿着拉拔方向不断扩展。为减少断丝,可采用加大吹风量、扩大连铸坯、控制钢水过热度、增加电磁搅拌等工艺,来提高索氏体含量和细化渗碳体片层及预防马氏体的形成,以提高拉拔性能。     

Ni-Mn-Ga磁控形状记忆合金中的马氏体相变

文章采用电弧熔炼法熔炼Ni48Mn31Ga21和Ni2MnGa两种合金,并对这两种合金进行了热处理,借助交流磁化率测定、金相显微镜观察、X射线以及磁化曲线等手段研究了Ni-Mn-Ga磁控形状记忆合金中的马氏体相变。结果表明：（1）Ni48Mn3lGa21合金在室温下发生了马氏体转变,而Ni2MnGa合金在室温下则未发生马氏体转变;（2）室温下Ni2MnGa合金的饱和磁化强度比Ni48Mn3lGa21合金高;对于Ni48Mn31Ga2l合金,其马氏体态的饱和磁化强度要高于奥氏体态。     

胎圈钢丝中间热处理的工艺参数优化

为减少胎圈钢丝拉拔生产过程中的断丝现象,提高加工性能和最终产品质量,研究了加热温度、铅浴温度和淬火速度等工艺参数对胎圈钢丝性能的影响。结果表明,当φ3.5 mm钢丝的热处理线速度为18 m/min、钢丝出线温度为940 ℃左右时,可得到均匀一致的奥氏体组织,并能在铅槽处理中进一步分解获得要求的索氏体组织,使中间道次钢丝达到最大抗拉强度,有利于减少后续道次的拉拔断丝现象。此工艺下的钢丝在拉拔后,在完成奥氏体均匀化后晶粒没有继续长大,既保证了钢丝组织的均匀,也防止了钢丝抗拉强度的降低。     

Modelling and experimental study of multi‐pass wire drawing of hypo‐eutectoid steels

The paper presents the results of extensive experimental research focused on the analysis of deformation conditions in multi‐pass drawing process. The wire rod of medium and high‐carbon steel manufactured with application of controlled cooling rate after hot rolling was chosen as the material to be drawn. Suitability of the wire rod for the multi‐pass drawing process was assessed by means of detailed analysis of mechanical properties of a material before drawing, after each pass as well as of the final product. The drawing process was realised without intermediate heat treatment, assuming maximum possible reduction to be attained. The effect of history of deformation (distribution and number of unit reductions, die geometry) on the mechanical properties of drawn wires was analysed. The force parameters of the drawing process were also evaluated in detail, which allowed for an attempt to determine the optimum drawing conditions. The separate part of work was the upper‐bound process modelling which included calculations of the components of power of deformation as well as the analysis of state of strain by means of strain redundancy factor evaluation. Finally, conclusions were formulated concerning suitability of the investigated wire rod for deep cold working as well as the influence of history of deformation on the product quality.     

拉丝断面压缩率对10B30钢球化退火组织及力学性能的影响

研究了拉丝断面压缩率(5%～35%)对Φ9.67～11.69 mm 10B30钢丝(/%:0.28～0.34C, 0.0005～0.0030B)球化退火组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着球化退火前拉丝断面压缩率的增加,球化退火组织级别提高,抗拉强度降低,断面收缩率提高,这是因为拉丝促进了球化退火过程中的自发球化和碳化物的ostwald熟化;当拉丝断面压缩率达到25%以上,球化组织和相应的抗拉强度和断面收缩率趋于稳定;实际生产中,退火前拉丝断面压缩率不应低于25%。     

控制冷却对SWRH82B-1V高碳钢盘条组织和性能的影响

用Gleeble-2000热模拟机测定了V微合金化SWRH82B-1V钢(%:0.79C、0.23Si、0.63Mn、0.18Cr、0.05V、0.004 ON)热变形奥氏体连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,并研究了冷却速度(1～15℃/s)对钢中索氏体和马氏体面积分数和HV硬度值的影响。通过改变斯泰摩尔生产线的冷却风量模式研究了冷却风量对SWRH82B-1V钢Φ12.5 mm盘条组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,盘条吐丝温度880℃50%风量冷却可使该钢中索氏体组织≥90%,马氏体组织≤0.05%,盘条抗拉强度≥1130 MPa,断面收缩率≥30%。     

铅浴淬火工艺对70钢丝组织和性能的影响

研究了900℃均热+500℃铅浴54 s空冷处理对70钢(0.67%～0.75%C)Φ5.5 mm热轧钢丝经38.9%压缩率拉拔的冷拔钢丝组织和性能的影响。结果表明,500℃铅浴等温处理,该钢过冷奥氏体转变的孕育和转变时间最短,该钢丝抗拉强度提高了21.4%,伸长率提高9.5%,为随后通过细拉工艺进一步提高钢丝的综合力学性能建立了基础。     

大规格高碳硬线82B拉拔脆断原因分析

采用金相组织检验分析等方法,分析了大规格82B拉拔劈裂脆断问题.结果表明:劈裂断口试样的中心处,由于锰、铬偏析而出现异常的马氏体组织,导致其变形与基体不一致,在拉拔过程中中心马氏体断裂成为裂纹源.断口附近表面存在结疤和擦伤等表面缺陷,中心马氏体和表面缺陷共同导致大规格82B拉拔劈裂脆断.通过优化合金元素锰、铬的成分含量...     

Microstructure-mechanical property relationships of dual-phase steel wire

The high strain hardening rate and formability of dual-phase steels makes them promising choices for drawing into high strength wire. As the fundamental part of an alloy design project, dual-phase steels with several different martensite volume fractions, particle shapes, particle sizes, compositions, and crystallographic relations with the ferrite matrix were studied. They were wire drawn with true strains of up to 6.1. The initial microstructure, void formation tendency, drawability, and mechanical properties of the various steels were compared and correlated. The Fe-2Si-0.1C alloy was found to be the most promising with a suggested reduction in the carbon level to 0.06 to 0.08 pct. The double heat treatment which consists of quenching from austenite to martensite followed by intercritical annealing and quenching produced the best microstructure for drawing into wire. The annealing temperature should be adjusted to yield 25 to 30 vol pct martensite in the final microstructure. Stress relief after drawing provided a substantial increase in ductility without significant loss in strength.     

汽车螺旋悬架弹簧用钢55SiCrA组织和性能研究

采用热膨胀法结合显微金相与硬度法,在LINSEIS L78 RITA相变仪上测定了55Si Cr A弹簧钢的临界点温度和连续冷却转变曲线,研究了冷却速度对组织和硬度的影响规律。在此基础上,进行了控轧控冷工业试验。结果表明,当冷速≤2℃/s时,转变产物为少量铁素体、珠光体,珠光体硬度随冷速增大而增大;当冷速≥5℃/s时,转变产物为珠光体、马氏体;当冷速≥20℃/s时,转变产物为马氏体,硬度随冷速增大而增大;现场控轧控冷的试验钢抗拉强度达到1 163 MPa,伸长率为13%,面缩率为49%,综合力学性能良好,满足了用户的使用要求。     

Low cycle fatigue of a high strength metastable austenitic steel

The low cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of a high strength, metastable austenitic steel called TRIP steel has been studied. High strain LCF experiments on cylindrical, well-polished specimens under diametral strain control were carried out. To study the effect of a mixed austenite-martensite matrix, LCF tests were also done on the TRIP steel after inducing significant amounts of martensite in the austenite matrix by means of a very high unidirectional prestrain. To establish the role played by the martensite transformation, tests were also run above the M_D. The amount of martensite induced was magnetically measured by means of a “permeameter” built specifically for this purpose. It was found that the LCF life of the TRIP steel, both at room temperature (in the presence of martensitic transformation) and at 200°C (in the absence of the transformation), was related to the plastic strain range, ε_PR, by the Manson-Coffin law. Either cyclic hardening or softening occurred at room temperature, depending primarily upon the plastic strain range used in cycling. Hardening was observed below 3 pct plastic strain range. For LCF tests at 200°C, cyclic softening was observed in all cases. The hardening and softening behavior has been found to depend on the martensitic transformation taking place in these steels during cycling. However, the LCF life correlated best to the percent reduction in area, independent of the extent of the martensite transformation.