基于Internet多机器人遥操作系统的研究

网络时延严重影响了基于Internet的多操作者多机器人(MOMR)遥操作的操作性能,不仅能造成系统的同步性和稳定性降低,还会影响到遥操作机器人之间协调运动的安全性和灵活性.基于共享控制的思想,设计一个多层次的体系结构,合理地利用人的智能干预与机器的局部自主能力,解决网络时延给MOMR遥操作系统带来的问题.通过搭建实验系统实现了基于共享控制的控制策略,并通过实验验证了此控制策略的合理性.     

基于Internet的力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统设计

力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统通信通道中存在的通信时延严重影响了操作性能,甚至使系统不稳定.当用Internet传输信号时,时延是时变或随机的,对系统的影响尤为剧烈.为了解决这个问题,文章对时变时延和数据丢失进行了处理,最后提出了一种基于虚拟模型的从手受力预测方法.实验表明对系统的设计是非常有效的.     

基于任务空间双模式结合的遥操作机器人系统

遥操作技术是空间、深海以及遥远距离等特殊环境下机器人完成作业任务的关键技术。构建了基于PHANTOM手控器及MOTOMAN机器人的遥操作机器人系统平台,能够实现对象的主从抓取、自主抓取以及两者结合抓取等几种抓取任务,并完成人性化用户界面的设计。针对遥操作机器人主从双边存在的时延问题,设计了基于任务空间检测的自主模式和主从模式相结合的遥操作机器人系统工作模式,相比于传统的遥操作机器人系统所采用的工作模式更加省时高效。实验结果表明所提出的工作模式能够满足存在通信时延情况下遥操作机器人完成任务的需要。     

存在信道噪声和随机丢包的多机器人协调控制

针对无线网络环境下存在信道噪声和Markov型随机丢包的多机器人协调控制进行研究.假设机器人之间的通信拓扑是固定不变的,将机器人之间的连接权重、网络中的信道噪声和Markov型随机丢包等不确定因素转化为不确定系统中的某些不确定参数.依据鲁棒控制理论、不确定系统理论,建立多机器人系统模型.通过对整个系统的稳定性进行分析,采用线性矩阵不等式的求解方法,得到使多个机器人能够达到状态一致的权重选择条件,并设计出保持系统稳定的一致协调控制算法.利用可模拟网络环境下系统运行的仿真软件,分析多个机器人的运动状态特性曲线,并与参考文献中的类似问题进行比较,验证了所提算法的有效性.     

基于FPGA的微创外科手术机器人运动控制系统的设计

为了提高微创手术机器人的实时性、安全性,设计了一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的微创外科手术机器人运动控制系统。采用集中计算分布控制结构,工业计算机作为主站完成主、从臂的正逆运动学、主从映射和主从控制算法。同时,提出了一种分布式的主、从操作臂同步控制算法,利用通信拓扑学理论,对主、从操作臂之间的同步误差进行定义,在约束条件下,对主、从操作臂的同步控制算法进行了详述,并利用Lyapunov函数对算法进行了稳定性分析。最后,实验结果表明:该方法能够实现机器人系统的主、从轨迹跟踪控制。     

开放式网络化机器人网络通讯模块的实现

围绕南京跃进汽车集团"网络化焊接机器人研制与汽车焊接生产线应用工程"项目,运用Java、Web、CORBA等技术,完成了远程客户操控机器人界面、客户与机器人管理服务器、机器人服务器的构建并实现了三方之间的网络通讯功能,使得远程客户不但能够利用Internet遥操作本地机器人,而且还可以通过选择现有的多种底层伺服算法之一、适度修改部分控制参数等多种方式来测试各种控制算法对机器人运行性能的影响,充分体现了开放式特点.     

基于工控机+DSP的移动机器人控制系统设计

提出了一种自主越障移动机器人控制系统,该控制系统采用嵌入式工控机+DSP运动控制卡的控制结构,较好地实现了机器人的实时控制和图像采集。介绍了机器人的机械系统结构,基于嵌入式工控机和DSP运动控制卡的开放式控制系统的硬件组成和软件设计,以及基于无线通讯网络的遥操作技术。通过爬斜坡、爬台阶等越障实验,验证了其良好的自主越障能力和环境适应能力。     

基于可编程控制器的机械手控制系统的设计

介绍了机器人的组成和机械手的工作原理,设计了基于可编程控制器主控的机械手控制系统,确定了硬件构架和软件体系.实验验证该机械手操作方便、性能稳定,可以弥补操作工效率低、成本高等缺陷,且该控制系统具有很好的开放性和可扩展性.     

工业机器人离线编程系统全解析

<正>数控编程是一种乐趣工业机器人是一个可编程的机械装置,其功能的灵活性和智能性很大程度上决定于机器人的编程能力。由于工业机器人应用范围的扩大和所完成任务复杂程度不断增加,工业机器人工作任务的编制已经成为一个重要问题。机器人离线编程系统是利用计算机图形学的成果,建立起机器人及其工作环境的几何模型,再利用一些规划算法,通过对图形的控制和操作,在离线的情况下进行轨迹规划。通过     

变电站巡检机器人激光建图系统设计

基于环境地图的机器人导航系统已经得到了越来越多的应用,针对传统变电站巡检机器人导航方式存在的不足,设计了变电站巡检机器人激光建图系统。首先介绍了系统的组成结构,之后着重对地图创建算法进行了详细描述,并搭建了原型系统。最后,为验证系统性能,在500kV变电站现场对系统功能进行了测试。测试结果表明,所设计系统可以成功建立变电站现场环境电子地图,同时所建地图也与现场环境具有较好的一致性。     

Motion of control of a multijoint robot based on a robust velocity controller

This paper proposes a simple and robust robot motion control method using a robust velocity controller. The robust velocity controller is based on H^∞ control theory, and is called H^∞ velocity controller. The H^∞ velocity controller based motion control method is completely equivalent to the robust acceleration control method using the H^∞ acceleration controller, but it has simpler structure. Therefore, the proposed system can realize a fine robot motion control easily. To confirm the validity of the proposed method, this paper realizes the hybrid control of position and force for a multijoint robot manipulator. Further, the simple realization of hybrid control is proposed considering the attitude of the robot manipulator. This system achieves hybrid control of position and force of the robot manipulator while maintaining a perpendicular attitude to the target environment. The experimental results in this paper show that the proposed system has the desired force and position response to the target environment. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (4): 58–69, 1997     

不确定刚性机械臂的鲁棒输出控制

针对不确定刚性机械臂系统的鲁棒控制和抖振问题,在仅有精确关节位置反馈的情况下,通过引入速度滤波器生成伪速度信号,并利用反推补偿设计滤波增益,提出了一种基于速度估计的鲁棒输出反馈控制策略。滤波器-控制器设计中不合有开关控制项,有效避免了控制抖振现象。该算法对采样频率无严格限制,最终可确保系统闭环半全局一致有界收敛。通过两关节机械臂的仿真实例验证了所提算法的有效性。     

Control of a 6DOF Mobile Manipulator with Object Detection and Tracking Using Stereo Vision

A supportive mobile robot for assisting the elderly is an emerging requirement mainly in countries like Japan where population ageing become relevant in near future. Falls related injuries are considered as a critical issue when taking into account the physical health of older people. A personal assistive robot with the capability of picking up and carrying objects for long/short distances can be used to overcome or lessen this problem. Here, we design and introduce a 3D dynamic simulation of such an assistive robot to perform pick and place of objects through visual recognition. The robot consists of two major components; a robotic arm or manipulator to do the pick and place, and an omnidirectional wheeled robotic platform to support mobility. Both components are designed and operated according to their kinematics and dynamics and the controllers are integrated for the combined performance. The objective was to improve the ac-curacy of the robot at a considerably high speed. Designed mobile manipulator has been successfully tested and sim-ulated with a stereo vision system to perform object recognition and tracking in a virtual environment resembling aroom of an elderly care. The tracking accuracy of the mobile manipulator at an average speed of 0.5m/s is 90% and is well suited for the proposed application.     

无轨道式水轮机叶片坑内修复机器人

介绍了一种多功能的水轮机叶片坑内修复机器人方案和研究进展。机器人本体由可全位置行走的无导轨磁吸附移动平台和多自由度作业机械臂组成,移动平台吸附于待修复的叶片表面,机械臂安装在移动平台上,机械臂可携带检测及各类可更换的作业工具,机器人可以直接在机坑内对叶片受损情况进行自主检测和修复作业（如气刨清理、焊接、打磨等）,操作人员也可通过远端监控系统时机器人的运行状况进行监控,在出现紧急情况时可以直接对机器人进行手动控制。对水轮机叶片坑内修复机器人系统涉及的关键技术进行了研究,仿真及试验结果表明本文提出的水轮机叶片坑内修复机器人方案是可行的,且利用本文研究的关键技术及究成果,可组成水轮机叶片坑内修复机器人系统,为最终实现水轮机叶片坑内修复的自动化提供了技术条件和基础。     

基于ARM-Linux的爬壁机器人控制器研究

针对人工船舶除锈的效率低、危险性高、成本高等问题,研制出爬壁机器人进行船舶除锈。采用了上、下位机的分布式控制方案,对基于ARM-Linux的爬壁机器人控制器进行研究,包括遥感器、比较器及其组成电路。通过引用强化学习算法Q-Leaning算法,实现了爬壁机器人的强化学习循迹,改进了传统PID等算法无法针对环境进行最优化动作策略选择的缺点,提高爬壁机器人在不同环境下循迹的准确性。实验结果表明,基于ARM-Linux的爬壁机器人控制系统性能较好,可以满足控制器要求。     

500kV四分裂输电线路防震锤检修机器人机型设计与优化

高压电力线缆是电能传输的重要通道,多分裂输电导线是电力传输的主力,而防震锤是四分裂输电导线上的重要金具,由于恶劣的服役环境,经常会出现防震锤钢绞线变形、锤头及螺栓丢失等故障发生,严重影响输电线路的正常运行。国内外研究表明利用机器人代替人工进行输电线路检修作业是一种行之有效的手段,基于此,面向四分裂超高压导线防震锤检修作业,提出了相应的防震锤检修机器人基本构型和检修作业运动规划,建立了机器人的三维实体模型,为精简机器人连杆结构和关节参数,剔除机器人冗余机构,基于机器人运动学模型,利用蒙特卡洛法对末端作业空间进行了仿真分析,通过点云图和末端可达空间分析,机器人的连杆长度存在一定冗余,通过缩短机器人的连杆参数,优化精简机器人的结构,一定程度上可以节省机器人开发成本。最后,开发了结构紧凑型机器人虚拟样机,并提出了泛在电力物联网背景下的电力机器人新型控制体系架构,为电力系统运维管理一体化技术奠定了坚实的理论基础。     

Development of a robotic device for facilitating learning by children who have severe disabilities

This paper presents technical aspects of a robot manipulator developed to facilitate learning by young children who are generally unable to grasp objects or speak. The severity of these physical disabilities also limits assessment of their cognitive and language skills and abilities. The CRS robot manipulator was adapted for use by children who have disabilities. Our emphasis is on the technical control aspects of the development of an interface and communication environment between the child and the robot arm. The system is designed so that each child has user control and control procedures that are individually adapted. Control interfaces include large push buttons, keyboards, laser pointer, and head-controlled switches. Preliminary results have shown that young children who have severe disabilities can use the robotic arm system to complete functional play-related tasks. Developed software allows the child to accomplish a series of multistep tasks by activating one or more single switches. Through a single switch press the child can replay a series of preprogrammed movements that have a development sequence. Children using this system engaged in three-step sequential activities and were highly responsive to the robotic tasks. This was in marked contrast to other interventions using toys and computer games.     

A laboratory experiment to teach some concepts on sensor-basedrobot assembly systems

A laboratory experiment is described that can be performed by electrical engineering graduate students and senior undergraduates. The experiment involves the assembly of a diesel-engine oil pump with an IBM RS-1 robot. The robot is instrumented with a force-sensing gripper and an optical binary sensor to detect parts in the gripper. A GE Optomation binary vision system is also used to monitor the manipulator workspace through a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera mounted on the robot arm. The students are required to program the manipulator and to process the information from the various sensors, which are used to recognize assembly components and to verify assembly operations in real-time. This assembly experiment is designed to familiarize electrical engineering students with the problems which dominate robot-based assembly systems and to demonstrate a number of practical sensor-based motion strategies which can overcome part and robot positional uncertainty found in typical manufacturing environments. These sensor-based motion strategies improve the reliability of a robot assembly system. The sensor-based assembly experiment, the laboratory setup, and the sensor-based motion strategies are discussed in detail     

Localization and control of a rehabilitation mobile robot by closehuman-machine cooperation

In the field of rehabilitation robotics, a mobile personal robot represents an attractive solution, especially in economic terms in comparison with a desktop workstation. A manipulator arm mounted on a mobile robot can facilitate the restoration of the disabled user's manipulative function. In order both to encourage the person to participate in the task at hand and to be cost effective, close human-machine cooperation is essential. The person controls the robot via a remote station and develops strategies to successfully carry out a mission. The main problems encountered by the person during the execution of a mission are electing to change modes, and the mode transition itself. The authors have examined two aspects of this cooperation: 1) information exchange between human and machine for decision-making and 2) giving to operators complementary and redundant modes to command the system. An experiment has been conducted to study these two aspects. This paper focuses on the control of robot movements in an indoor environment and especially on localization parameters, human-like robot behavior, and the value of proposing complementary control modes to the operator     

基于Android的小型移动机器人远程控制系统设计

针对传统机器人控制终端灵活性不足的问题,结合飞速发展中的Android移动平台,设计了一种基于Android的小型移动机器人远程控制系统。该系统由小型移动机器人、无线通信模块和Android平台3部分组成,通过无线局域网实现下位机与上位机之间的视频传输以及数据通信。给出了控制系统的总体架构,并具体阐述了系统硬件及软件两方面的实现。最后对系统进行了实验测试,测试结果表明,Android移动终端可远程控制移动机器人的运动状态,并实时获取机器人传回的视频,视频播放流畅,整个系统有着较好的稳定性和可靠性。