百万吨级乙烯冷箱的设计

分析了百万吨级乙烯冷箱的设计难点和采取的对策,介绍杭氧设计、制造的乙烯冷箱的技术参数和设计方案,与国外公司设计方案的比较,说明杭氧乙烯冷箱的设计、制造技术与世界先进水平的差距大大缩小。     

齐鲁石化72万吨/年乙烯改扩建工程一次投料成功

2004年10月10日，杭氧股份公司为齐鲁石化设计制造的72万吨／年乙烯改扩建工程一次投料成功!它标志着杭氧在乙烯冷箱的设计、制造水平方面又越上新的平台。同时也证明杭氧的乙烯冷箱已具有了参与国际市场竞争的能力。     

杭氧100万t/a乙烯冷箱顺利制造完工

2005年12月27日,杭氧为茂名石化100万t/a乙烯二轮改造项目设计制造的乙烯冷箱胜利完工。茂名石化100万t/a乙烯改扩建项目冷箱是杭氧自主开发研制乙烯冷箱以来所承接设计制造的最大乙烯冷箱。该冷箱设计采用美国鲁姆斯公司技术,最高设计压力达3·96MPa。由于受运输限制,该项目冷     

杭氧成功实现大型乙烯冷箱国产化

20 0 2年 1月 30日 ,从北京燕山石化总公司传来喜讯 ,71万吨 /年乙烯改造成功 ,运行正常 ,杭氧为之设计改造的冷箱各指标值均达到或超过原设计水平。至此 ,杭氧成功实现了大型乙烯冷箱国产化。乙烯是石油化工的重要基础原料 ,其生产能力已成为国际上衡量一个国家化工能力的重要标志。一直以来 ,我国的乙烯冷箱全部由国外进口 ,因此 ,国家把“乙烯冷箱国产化”作为“九五”重大技术装备研制项目 ,并列为重要课题———“大型乙烯成套设备”。在通过专家论证、实地考察的基础上 ,经国家经贸委审批 ,确定杭氧为大型乙烯冷箱专项国产化承担单位…     

扬子两相流乙烯冷箱EA-331C的设计

介绍杭氧集团为扬子石化 4 0万吨 /年乙烯改造而设计的EA 331C冷箱 ,这是我国自行设计、制造的首台两相流乙烯换热器 ,它的成功投产为大型乙烯冷箱国产化提供了可靠保证。并指出了国外公司原设计存在的问题。图 2表 2。     

乙烯冷箱国产化形势喜人

1999年11月5日,燕山石化66万吨乙烯装置二期扩容改造的乙烯冷箱与杭州制氧机集团公司合同的签订,标志乙烯冷箱国产化从此正式拉开了序幕。 自燕山石化拉开乙烯冷箱国产化的序幕以后,天津联化、中原石化也分别于2000年3月27日和4月10日与杭氧集团公司签订了20万吨和18万吨乙烯装置冷箱合同。三套冷箱的板翅式换热器总重量约140吨,最高设计压力为5．2MPa,最多的流体总股数为15股。 进入2000年下半后,随着扬子石化45万吨乙烯装置中位号为EA-331的换热器在短时间内改造的成功,用户更加强了乙烯冷箱国产化的信心。因此,2000年8月5日、9月6日和9月26日杭氧集团公司又分别与辽阳石化、扬子石化、上海石化等三家公司签订20万吨、70万吨、70万吨三 套乙烯装置改造项目中配套乙烯冷箱供货合同,换热器总重量达200吨。在上述三套冷箱合同谈判的同时,北京天然气集团在西气东输的陕京工程中需要配套天然气液化用设计压力为7．6MPa的高压冷箱,要求在三个月内供货,以保证在2000年11月21日前北京段天然气的正常输送,杭氧以雄厚的技术和制造能力,在10月份如期完成了首套天然气冷箱,实现了产品向天然气行业的突破。 一年来,杭氧先后为石化行业提供8套高中压冷箱,铝制板翅式换热器约350吨,共计人民币约5000万元。如果这些设备全部进口,按目前国际价格计算约需1470万美元(加快费不计内)。冷箱国产化,价格仅为进口设备的40％,既确保了供货时间,还使用户在短时间内增加效益。 (杭氧公司钣式换热器厂阎振贵)     

杭氧板翅式换热器在乙烯装置中的新进展

自 1992年杭氧引进大型真空钎接炉开始 ,已为 6家公司生产冷箱备件 10台 ,按ASME规范设计制造 10多台高、中压换热器出口到美国和加拿大。提出了我国乙烯冷箱的发展前景和需要进一步开展的工作     

杭氧石化工程公司不断推出适合市场的新品

<正>烷烃脱氢装置、LNG装置、一氧化碳/氢气分离装置、MTO冷箱和焦炉尾气回收装置等冷箱是近年杭氧石化工程公司研制而成的一份"菜单"。加上之前研制生产的乙烯冷箱、液氮洗冷箱等石化装备,杭氧石化工程公司在国内石化装备领域实现着一次次的突破。2013年,杭氧石化工程公司新订合同6个多亿。在完     

镇海炼化100万t/a乙烯冷箱开工

2007年11月20日，杭州杭氧股份有限公司（以下简称：杭氧）举行了中石化镇海炼化100万t／a乙烯冷箱开工仪式。来自中石化镇海炼化分公司、中国石化工程建设公司以及杭氧的代表参加了此次会议。杭氧总经理赵大为出席会议并讲话。     

配套市场

正杭氧四套83000m~3/h空分冷箱完成吊装6月5日,杭氧股份为浙江石化炼化一体化项目设计、制造的国内最大四套83000m3/h空分设备的最后一套空分冷箱完成吊装,标志着四套空分冷箱已全部吊装就位。据了解,冷箱是空分设备的最大核心装置,单套83000m~3/h空分冷     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...