助熔剂对固相微波法合成MgAl2O4∶Eu发光性能的影响

采用固相微波法研究了助熔剂对MgAl2O4∶ Eu3+荧光粉发光性能的影响.利用XRD和荧光光谱仪对合成产物的物相和发光光谱进行研究,分别探讨了助熔剂的类型及含量对发光性能影响.结果表明,加入NaF,CaF2,B2O3和GeO2为助熔剂时可得到红色发光材料;MgAl2O4∶Eu3+荧光粉主发射峰位于612 nm处,对应Eu3+的5D0→7 F2电偶极跃迁,次强发射峰位于589 nm处,为Eu3+的5D0→7F0的跃迁,Eu3+离子处于非对称中心格位.相对于氟化物,氧化物助熔剂有助于提高样品的发光强度,其中,以B2O3为助熔剂时荧光粉的发光强度最高,其最佳掺杂量为4.5wt％.     

MgAl2O4催化正丁醛羟醛缩合反应性能的稳定性研究

采用共沉淀法制备了MgAl_2O_4催化剂,分别在高压釜和固定床反应器上评价了其催化正丁醛羟醛缩合反应的性能。考察了MgAl_2O_4催化剂的稳定性,采用XRD、FT-IR、能谱仪(EDS)和电感耦合等离子体光对光谱仪(ICP-OES)对使用前后的MgAl_2O_4催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,MgAl_2O_4对正丁醛羟醛缩合反应具有较好的催化活性,并且不存在与副产物水发生水合副反应的问题,但MgAl_2O_4催化剂表面容易发生积碳而导致失活。     

氮气气氛下MgAl2O4/SiC材料的反应性能研究

为了研究氮气气氛下MgAl2O4/SiC材料的反应性能及硅粉的影响,将添加硅粉前后的MgAl2O4-SiC材料在流动氮气中经1600℃保温3h烧成,对烧结后的试样进行XRD、SEM和EDS分析.研究发现:两者材料的主要物相均为镁铝尖晶石、碳化硅、氮化硅.不添加硅粉的试样中生成的氮化硅呈长径比较大的纤维状,其生长过程符合VS生长机制;添加硅粉后的试样中生成的氮化硅根部呈柱状,顶部呈锥状,其生长是LS和VS生长机制共同作用的结果.另外,氮化烧成时MgAl2O4/SiC反应界面层中会发生离子互扩散,可能生成少量堇青石,并且C4-、Al3+、Mg2+较O2-、Si4+具有更大的扩散速度.     

MgAl2O4透明陶瓷粉体的研究进展

透明镁铝尖晶石陶瓷的制备,对粉体有特殊的要求.高纯、超细、分散性好、高活性的粉体是制备镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷的首要条件.本文以制备镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷为目标,从粉体的纯度和粉体颗粒特征两方面分析了粉体的性能对制备透明镁铝尖晶石陶瓷的影响,介绍了几种可用于制备镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷粉体的方法,分析比较了每种方法的优缺点.     

AlON的氧化行为及其与MgO和MgAl2O4的作用

利用TG DTA和XRD研究了氧氮化铝(AlON )在高温下的氧化行为及其与MgO和MgAl2 O4 的作用。结果表明 :AlON在 85 0℃左右开始氧化 ,1170℃左右氧化最为剧烈 ;MgO和MgAl2 O4 在 12 0 0℃都能与AlON形成固溶体 ,且后者更易形成 ;形成固溶体对AlON的氧化有一定的抑制作用。     

铝镁双醇盐制备MgAl2O4尖晶石陶瓷超滤膜

Spinel (MgAl2O4) ultrafiltration membranes were prepared on porous α-Al2O3 plates via the sol-gel route. Mg-Al double alkoxide [MgAl2(iprO)s] was first synthesized as the precursor, then hydrolyzed and peptized in aqueous solution. The gel layer was coated from the colloidal sol on the intermediate layer (α-Al2O3), which was formerly prepared to modify the porous substrate, and then thermally treated at 900℃. The processing parameters such as pH, temperature and sol composition during the sol preparation were optimized for controlling particle size. The pore size of the 2μm thick top layer is about 13 nm as estimated by both the BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin)retention test and an empirical equation.The water permeability of the obtained spinel membrane is 55～143 kg/(min.cm2.Pa).     

共沉淀-真空冷冻干燥法制备纳米MgAl2O4粉体

以硝酸镁和硝酸铝为主要原料,NH3·H2O为沉淀剂,用均相混合物共沉淀法制得镁铝混合均匀的溶胶,再用真空冷冻干燥(VFD)方法在-50℃,13.3 Pa的真空度下制得MgAl2O4的前驱体粉体.用TG-DSC、XRD、TEM及Autosorb-1-M等仪器研究了热处理温度及反应体系的pH值对镁铝均匀混合纳米粉体材料的物相转变、显微形貌、表面性能等的影响.研究表明控制溶液的pH值在9.0附近,采用共沉淀-真空冷冻干燥方法,可制得粒径小、比表面积大的MgO-Al2O3二元混合纳米粉体,且其起始尖晶石化温度在600℃,经过1000℃2 h处理后,已全部转变成粒径为50 nm左右的纳米尖晶石,比传统制备镁铝尖晶石的温度低500～600℃.     

奶粉的喷雾冷冻干燥研究

研究开发了实现喷雾冷冻干燥工艺的装置,并以奶粉为物料,进行了试验研究。结果表明,料液可以在-40～-30℃实现快速冷冻,且采用该喷雾冷冻干燥装置可将干燥时间从原来真空冷冻干燥的48h缩短为10h。最后,对获得的干燥产品进行了粉体形态的测试和分析。     

Characterization of MgAl2O4 Precursor Powders Prepared by Aqueous Route

MgAl₂O₄ spinel precursors have been prepared by two different aqueous synthesis routes: spray drying and citrate complexing. The spinel precursors exhibit different morphology and crystallization behavior. ²⁷Al high-resolution magic-angle spinning (MAS), multiple quantum MAS, and ²⁷Al-{¹H} rational echo double resonance (REDOR) nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, show that the spinel precursors have different aluminum local structures. ²⁷Al-{¹H} REDOR experiments detect Al_IV- and Al_V-bearing proton-free domains, possibly stabilized by residual carbonates, characteristic of the complexed precursor.     

Effect of Selected Additives on Microencapsulation of Anthocyanin by Spray Drying

Microencapsulation of anthocyanin pigment present in Garcinia indica Choisy was carried out with maltodextrin of various dextrose equivalents (DE 06, 19, 21, and 33) and other additives such as gum acacia and tricalcium phosphate to enhance the stability of the pigment. The microencapsulated pigment containing 5.0% maltodextrin DE 21, 0.25% gum acacia, and 0.25% tricalcium phosphate was found to have lowest hygroscopic moisture content (4.38%), highest antioxidant activity (69.90%), and highest anthocyanin content (485 mg/100 g). The glass transition temperature was 44.59°C. The sorption isotherms for microencapsulated powder showed that the samples were stable up to water activity less than 0.43. The scanning electron microscope structures depicted that the particle size ranged from 5 to 50 μm with smooth spheres. Storage at 4°C increased the half-life twofold compared to that of the spray-dried product kept at ambient temperature (25°C).     

超低温喷射冻干法制备纳米硝酸铵及其热分解和感度特性研究

为了减小AN的粒径,采用超低温喷射冻干法制备了纳米AN;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)和X光电子能谱(XPS)对样品进行了表征;采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重-质谱(TG-MS)分析了其热分解性能;测试了纳米AN的机械感度和热感度,并与原料AN进行了对比。结果表明,制备出的纳米AN微观形貌呈类球形,粒径小于100nm;其分子结构、表面元素和晶相与原料AN一致;纳米AN的热分解活化能为92.11kJ/mol,较原料AN仅下降了5.43kJ/mol,说明纳米化后其热稳定性基本不变;纳米AN热分解的产物为NH₃、H₂O和N₂O,与原料AN基本一致;纳米AN对机械作用非常钝感,10kg落球下特性落高(H50)大于110cm,摩擦感度爆炸百分比(P)为16%;但纳米AN热感度低于原料AN,其5s爆发点(T5s)为277℃,而原料AN的T5s为266℃。     

Characteristics of Milk Powders Produced by Spray Freeze Drying

Skim and whole milk powders were manufactured at lab scale by spray freeze drying (SFD), using liquid nitrogen as the cryogen. The polydispersity of droplet/particle sizes was limited using an encapsulator nozzle to atomize the feed. Particle morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Samples were compared with equivalent spray-dried powders in tests of wettability and dissolution in water. The spray freeze-dried powders were found to be highly porous, with a uniform structure of pores throughout the entire particles. When tested in water, SFD skim milk powders wetted roughly three times as fast as industrially spray-dried agglomerated skim milk powders and were observed to dissolve rapidly by breaking down into smaller particles.     

Characteristics of Milk Powders Produced by Spray Freeze Drying

Skim and whole milk powders were manufactured at lab scale by spray freeze drying (SFD), using liquid nitrogen as the cryogen. The polydispersity of droplet/particle sizes was limited using an encapsulator nozzle to atomize the feed. Particle morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Samples were compared with equivalent spray-dried powders in tests of wettability and dissolution in water. The spray freeze-dried powders were found to be highly porous, with a uniform structure of pores throughout the entire particles. When tested in water, SFD skim milk powders wetted roughly three times as fast as industrially spray-dried agglomerated skim milk powders and were observed to dissolve rapidly by breaking down into smaller particles.     

TiO2含量对镁铝尖晶石烧结性能的影响

以分析纯氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化钛为原料,按氧化镁与氧化铝质量比28.33∶71.67配料,在合成体系中分别引入质量分数为0、0.5％、1％、2％、4％、6％、8％和10％的氧化钛,在钼丝炉中1600℃保温2h,烧结法合成镁铝尖晶石.用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和能谱对烧后试样进行分析.结果表明:引入适量的TiO2可显著提高镁铝尖晶石的烧结性能;当TiO2含量低于4％时,随着TiO2的含量增加,试样的线变化率减小,显气孔率下降,体积密度增大,常温耐压强度增大.TiO2的引入提高了镁铝尖晶石晶体空位浓度,活化了晶格,促进镁铝尖晶石的烧结.当TiO2含量高于4％时,试样的线变化率、显气孔率和体积密度没有显著变化,常温耐压强度有所下降;尖晶石晶粒尺寸没有明显变化,且生成了一定量的Mg0.6Al0.8Ti1.6O5,阻碍了镁铝尖晶石之间的接触,影响镁铝尖晶石烧结性能的提高.     

TiO2加入量对富铝尖晶石烧结性能的影响

以α-Al2O3、分析纯的MgO及分析纯的TiO2为原料,研究了在1400℃、1500℃、1600℃保温3 h下,TiO2加入量(分别为0、1%、2%、4%)对Al2O3与MgO物质的量比为21的富铝尖晶石烧结性能的影响,并利用XRD进行物相组成分析,利用SEM和EDAX进行显微结构分析.结果表明由于TiO2与MgAl2O4的固溶作用,加入TiO2可显著改善富铝尖晶石的烧结性能;随着TiO2加入量的增加,试样的体积密度增加,显气孔率降低,特别是在1600℃烧结后的试样尤为显著.     

Solid Solution Effects on the Thermal Properties in the MgAl2O4–MgGa2O4 System

Solid solution effects on thermal conductivity within the MgO–Al₂O₃–Ga₂O₃ system were studied. Samples with systematically varied additions of MgGa₂O₄–MgAl₂O₄ were prepared and the laser flash technique was used to determine thermal diffusivity at temperatures between 200°C and 1300°C. Heat capacity as a function of temperature from room temperature to 800°C was also determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Solid solution in the MgAl₂O₄–MgGa₂O₄ system decreases the thermal conductivity up to 1000°C. At 200°C thermal conductivity decreased 24% with a 5 mol% addition of MgGa₂O₄ to the system. At 1000°C, the thermal conductivity decreased 13% with a 5 mol% addition. Steady‐state calculations showed a 12.5% decrease in heat flux with 5 mol% MgGa₂O₄ considered across a 12 inch thickness.     

喷雾干燥制备球状LiFePO_4/C正极材料

以抗坏血酸为催化剂,通过水热法制备出梭形颗粒的LiFePO4/C正极材料,并采用喷雾干燥工艺使得单个的梭状颗粒堆积成球状的LiFePO4/C正极材料。研究了不同喷雾浓度对样品球形化后的形貌和电学性能的影响。结果表明:合成的LiFePO4/C正极材料的单个颗粒呈规整的梭形结构,并且梭形结构是由细小的板状结构组合而成,在梭形结构的表面包覆有一层均匀的碳膜。采用喷雾工艺后可有效的进行颗粒的球形化处理,当喷雾浓度为0.296mol/L时,材料团聚的球状形貌较为均匀一致,并具有较大的扩散系数(9.38×10-13cm2/s)。在0.1C倍率放电下的首次充电比容量为133.6mA·h/g,放电比容量为122.6mA·h/g,Coulomb效率为91.8%,说明具有良好的可逆性能;经过50周循环后容量保持率仍为98.2%,具有优异的循环性能和容量保持率。