基于GRNN和时间窗方差滤波的海杂波抑制

为实现对海杂波的抑制,根据海杂波混沌动态特性,利用广义回归神经网络(GRNN)进行海杂波预测再对消,最后引入时间窗方差滤波。分析对McMaster大学IPIX雷达含目标实测数据的处理结果,原始数据信杂比小于等于0 dB,只采用GRNN预测对消后信杂比提高但仍有短时海杂波尖峰的影响,经过方差滤波后短时尖峰基本消失,最终信杂比提高到约11.67 dB。故所提方法对海杂波有很好的抑制效果,能够检测出湮没在海杂波中的小目标。     

海杂波背景下的低空小目标检测

海面上低空小目标通常具有RCS（雷达散射截面）小、速度快的特点,并且容易湮没在海杂波背景中,很难被雷达系统检测到。文中首先分析了海杂波数据的统计特性;然后在此基础上,利用海杂波和目标在相关特性上的差异,提出了一种熵加权非相参积累方法,该方法能够抑制海杂波,并且积累目标能量;为了进一步降低检测门限,采用了TBD（检测前跟踪）技术。某S波段雷达搜索模式下低分辨实测数据的处理结果表明,熵加权非相参积累和TBD方法能够有效降低海杂波背景下低空小目标信号的最小可检测信杂比。     

复杂海杂波背景下分数低阶匹配滤波检测方法

针对在复杂海杂波背景下,雷达目标检测中动目标检测(Moving Target Detection,MTD)技术的检测性能显著下降的问题,以及局部最优检测器(Locally Optimum Detector,LOD)仅适用于低信杂比背景下弱目标检测的问题,基于分数低阶统计量理论,提出了一种分数低阶匹配滤波检测方法.该方法通过幂变换抑制杂波的非高斯特性,通过应用杂波分数低阶协方差矩阵特征值分解的方法白化相关杂波,在此基础上应用匹配滤波进行目标积累,以提高信杂比.通过仿真和实测数据,对所提出方法的检测性能进行了验证,并且与MTD和LOD进行了比较.结果表明,本文所提出方法能较好地解决非高斯相关杂波背景下的目标检测问题,检测性能明显优于MTD和LOD方法.     

非高斯相关杂波背景下雷达目标检测方法研究

在非高斯相关杂波背景下,基于MTD(Moving Target Detection)的雷达目标检测性能严重下降。针对该问题,根据Alpha稳定分布杂波模型、分数低阶统计量理论,以输出信杂比最大为准则,提出了一种适用于非高斯相关杂波背景的雷达目标检测方法。该方法通过分解信号分数低阶协方差矩阵,计算等效杂波分数低阶协方差矩阵特征向量,得到最佳滤波器系数。通过仿真和实测数据,对所提出方法的检测性能进行了验证,并且与基于MTD的检测方法进行了比较,结果表明,在非高斯相关杂波背景下,所提方法的检测性能明显优于传统的MTD。      

采用改进型时频滤波的海杂波抑制方法

海洋环境下，海杂波具有明显的非平稳、非高斯特性，海杂波谱中心频率不固定、谱宽较宽，严重影响了雷达对海面目标的检测。传统的频域滤波器难以对复杂多变的海杂波进行有效抑制。本文通过分析海杂波的时频谱频率变化特征，定量计算各距离单元时频谱的中心频率平滑度，提出了采用基于时频谱能量分布的改进型时频滤波方法进行海杂波抑制。通过实测海杂波数据对杂波抑制效果进行分析，验证了该算法能够有效滤除海杂波信号和保护低速目标信号能量，提高目标信杂噪比，对提升雷达检测能力具有重要的作用。      

一种舰载雷达海面目标检测处理方法

在复杂海杂波中检测出海面目标并实现稳定跟踪一直是舰载雷达进行海面目标处理时面临的难题。文中在分析雷达常规杂波抑制方法的基础上,分别从雷达调度控制、点航迹处理等方面,给出了圈间变频、基于宽度的幅度加权点迹凝聚、海面目标的机动加速度突变跟踪模型等数据处理方法,针对性地降低海杂波影响,提高海面目标的点迹质量及跟踪性能。通过对某导航雷达实录数据进行处理,文中所提方法能有效地抑制海杂波,显著提高海面目标跟踪的稳定性。     

小孔径天波超视距雷达多径模糊污染消除及海杂波抑制

由于电离层的结构分层性及厚度的不均匀,在超视距探测中会出现多径模糊的现象,使同一个目标出现在多个距离单元上,造成目标识别的不准确。针对传统天波超视距雷达( OTHR)接收阵列不具备俯仰分辨能力的不足,利用小孔径OTHR在俯仰方向的分辨能力,将几何估计结果与测向结果相结合,在俯仰方向自适应波束形成,消除了多径模糊带来的影响。同时改进了基于奇异值分解( SVD)的海杂波抑制算法抑制海杂波,提高了目标信杂比以便于后续检测。仿真实验结果显示所提方法能够很好地消除多径模糊带来的影响,同时抑制了海杂波,信杂比提高了9 dB。     

海杂波背景下目标的联合特征差异检测

针对低信噪比海情下的小目标检测效果不理想的问题,利用消除趋势波动分析法提取海杂波分形参数,分析了海杂波的功率谱及其熵特征,提出了海杂波背景下的联合特征目标检测方法.在雷达回波中提取海杂波的分形参数和功率谱熵特征组成二维向量,利用凸包训练算法获得纯海杂波判别区域,同样对先验知识下的待测海杂波提取这两个特征参量,以此特征参量所对应的点是否在此判别区域内来判别是否存在目标.利用加拿大IPIX雷达数据,证明了所提算法优于用单个特征差异作为统计量的方法,在相同虚警概率下检测效果明显提高,为雷达目标检测提供了新的检测方案.     

机载火控雷达杂波分区抑制方法研究

在实际工程中,机载火控雷达杂波多普勒谱通常可分为主杂波区和清洁区两部分。常规杂波抑制算法多是对全部数据进行处理,易造成清洁区目标的信杂噪比损失。文中针对和差双通道机载火控雷达的特点,基于杂波分区抑制思想提出了一种杂波分区方法,通过多普勒频心估计和杂波平均功率幅度增量搜索,实现了对杂波的分区,然后在主瓣杂波区采用自适应算法抑制杂波,在清洁区采用恒虚警算法直接进行动目标检测。对实测数据的处理结果显示,该方法不但具有与常规杂波抑制算法相近的动目标检测效果,而且降低了清洁区目标的信杂噪比损失,具有运算量小、易于工程实现等优点。     

分布式机场异物检测雷达处理算法研究

微弱目标检测是机场异物监测系统面临的关键问题。小尺寸异物回波弱、信杂比低,传统异物检测雷达对其探测能力有限。本文从实测数据出发对机场环境地杂波展开分析,并由此提出杂波空间去相关约束条件。在此基础上,本文提出分布式机场异物检测雷达的设想,其核心是利用目标与道面杂波不同的空间相关特性,通过多站回波相参积累提高微弱目标信杂比,并由此改善机场异物检测雷达的探测能力。考虑到非理想正交信号带来的性能恶化问题以及结合机场跑道异物的目标特性,本文针对机场特定环境提出“乒乓”相参模型。相参参数估计问题是分布式体制的共性问题之一,本文针对传统峰值法在低信杂比条件下估计精度差的问题提出引导信息预估计方法,并且在“乒乓”相参模型中定量分析了时延参数估计误差与相位参数估计误差引起信杂比增益损失的边界条件。最后,本文基于实测杂波数据开展仿真实验,仿真结果表明,本文所提及的分布式机场异物检测信号处理方法可以有效提高弱型异物的信杂比。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks