MBR中好氧颗粒污泥的培养与研究

以实际生活污水接种絮状活性污泥在膜生物反应器中培养好氧颗粒污泥．通过对三个培养阶段污泥生长情况的考察,研究了颗粒污泥的变化规律及特性。并对好氧颗粒污泥的处理效果进行了分析。该系统连续运行4个月的结果表明,在MBR反应器中成功培养出了运行比较稳定的好氧颗粒污泥,且系统处于稳态时好氧颗粒污泥对COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的平均去除率达到95％、80％、70％和65％。     

通沟污泥湿式分级处理技术及装备的应用

对漯河市通沟污泥进行取样分析,确定了湿法处理工艺的分离等级,对污泥进行分级分离并进行强力清洗、脱水处理后,实现了污泥处理的减量化、无害化,并对污泥中的细砂实现了资源化利用,处理后尾水排入污水管网。分析了通沟污泥处理站投资、运行中的各项费用构成,并进行了简要的技术经济分析,可为后期处理城市同类污泥提供借鉴。     

污水处理厂污泥资源化利用技术分析

生活及工业中产生的污水量不断增加,污水处理厂处理后产生的污泥量也随之增大。目前,我国污泥的主要主要处理方法为填埋和焚烧。本文介绍了污水处理厂污泥组成、传统污泥处理方法、污泥资源化处理方法,并对污泥资源化处理案例进行分析,发现未来的污泥处理应侧重于资源回收、减少影响环境及节约经济成本等方向。     

污泥固态好氧发酵成套设备的开发

采用自行研发的好氧动态发酵系统对城市污水处理厂的脱水污泥进行处理,研究了污泥好氧发酵处理过程中温度、含水率、供氧量等参数的变化规律。结果表明,污泥好氧发酵过程可以实现顺利升温并在55℃以上维持48h,有效地降低了物料的含水率,去除了病原菌、寄生虫卵和大肠杆菌,达到了污泥减量化、稳定化、无害化、资源化的目的。     

脱水污泥堆肥的生产性试验研究

通过对脱水污泥进行堆肥的生产性试验研究，总结了堆肥过程中温度、通风量、有机成分和含水率的变化规律和控制方法，对污泥堆肥的水分调节也进行了分析。     

城市污水处理厂污泥的好氧处理研究

为了实现污泥的稳定化、减量化和无害化,对城市污水处理厂的浓缩污泥和厌氧消化污泥进行了好氧处理试验研究.试验结果表明,污泥好氧处理使污泥中有机物质含量降低,臭味减小.厌氧污泥经好氧消化处理后,一方面使污泥得到稳定化和减量化;另一方面,可以把污泥中的致病菌杀死.污泥经好氧消化后沉降性能有明显提高,絮凝剂的加入使其脱水性能也得到一定的改善.     

绍兴污水处理厂污泥处理工程改扩建设计

介绍了绍兴污水处理厂污泥处理工程的改扩建设计,设计中对现有污泥处理脱水构筑物及设备进行了改造,解决了其污泥脱水性能较差的问题,充分发挥了现有设施的处理能力,污泥预处理能力达到350 tDS/d(83%含水率污泥为2 059t/d),新建处理能力为370 tDS/d(80%含水率污泥为1 850t/d)的污泥处理设施,全厂污泥全部处理后外运处置.     

城市污泥深度脱水处理处置和资源化利用

一、立项背景 目前,国内外污泥脱水研究主要集中在污泥预处理、污泥脱水性能改善、脱水药剂遴选和提高污泥脱水效率等方面.目前,污泥脱水主要采用离心沉降、带式压滤和板框压滤三种机械形式.前二者在污泥脱水处理中仍占据较大比例,而板框压滤的应用则起步较晚,但优点是污泥含水率可降至60％以下(污泥须经一定的预处理). 项目针对上述研究现状,综合应用多项技术,建立了一种污泥脱水处理的创新技术,并形成了全套的处理工艺:以三氯化铁和石灰为调理剂对污泥进行预处理,采用隔膜压滤工艺对污泥进行脱水处理,并将滤液回流至进水泵房,处理后的污泥泥饼能达到污泥后续处理的要求.     

螺旋升流式反应器处理污水的活性污泥特性分析

对螺旋升流反应器在污水脱氮除磷处理中的污泥特性进行了分析,发现MLVSS/MLSS在厌氧单元中呈现出递增变化趋势,在缺氧和好氧单元呈现递减变化趋势,这种变化趋势在脱氮除磷效果好时明显,不好时变化不明显。镜检发现反应器中微生物丰富多样,颗粒污泥紧密、结实。污泥的SV在13%~18%,SVI在40~70之间。污泥的耗氧呼吸速率SOUR随厌氧过程逐渐升高,好氧过程逐渐降低;脱氢酶活性却表现出与之相反的变化规律。     

污泥石灰处理工程中的物料优化管理

介绍了污泥石灰处理的物料优化管理,涉及原始污泥、石灰粉料、处理后出泥以及废气的收集。在此基础上介绍了相关案例,得出以下几个结论值得在工程设计实施中参考:原始污泥含水量过高会增加石灰消耗;污泥石灰处理宜选用粒度小、活性高的粉料;污泥出泥及废气收集方案需根据原始污泥的特点和处理目标的具体情况进行优化设计。     

SBR工艺中污泥负荷对丝状菌污泥膨胀的影响

在严格控制ＳＢＲ工艺试验运行条件下,就污泥负荷对丝状菌污泥膨胀的影响规律进行了研究。结果表明,高污泥负荷不仅不是导致污泥膨胀的因素,而且对污泥膨胀有抑制作用;在污泥负荷降低到一定程度（“临界负荷”）后,ＳＶＩ迅速升高,加速污泥膨胀的发生。还发现,进水底物浓度与“临界负荷”及低于“临界负荷”后污泥膨胀的最大程度ＳＶＩｍａｘ之间呈负相关关系,且都可用微生物的选择性理论来解释。     

EFOR程序的仿真模拟功能应用研究

对国际水质协会（ＩＡＷＱ）的活性污泥数学模型进行了应用性研究。即利用ＥＦＯＲ程序对某城市污水处理厂工艺设计进行动态模拟。结果表明，该模型作为开展污水处理新技术开发、工艺设计计算方法研究和计算机模拟软件开发的通用平台，适合我国的国情，具有实用价值，值得推广。     

DAT—IAT工艺处理城市污水

本文首次对利用该工艺处理城市污水进行了和设计介绍了该工艺的特点,工作过程和工艺设计。     

奥贝尔氧化沟的工程应用性能研究

通过对奥贝尔氧化沟工程实际运行工况的测试，分析研究了脱氮功能、抗冲击负荷能力、去除难降解有机物能力以及污泥性能等特征，并就其三沟ＤＯ呈０－１－２的梯度分布与氮的去除机理进行了探讨。     

城市污水厂污泥处理与处置技术的新思路

分析了目前污泥处理、处置中存在的问题,通过对污泥特性的再认识和对原有技术路线的反思,提出以无害化为主导、在坚持“安全、环保”的原则下实现污泥的资源化是我国今后污泥处理与处置的新思路。在此基础上介绍了污泥焚烧技术,分析了污泥焚烧需解决的问题,指出污泥混合焚烧是其合理的处置途径。     

污泥脱水、输送及储存系统的设计探讨与总结

污泥脱水、输送及储存系统是污泥处理处置工程的重要组成部分,以南宁某项目为例,介绍了污泥脱水工艺、进泥设备、加药系统及泥水分离阀的设计及优化建议;介绍了污泥输送螺旋、缓存料斗及料位检测的工程应用特点,提出一体化破拱装置,详述污泥输送泵及其故障处理方式;介绍了污泥储存系统的管道、入料口的设计要点,滑架破拱装置的设计优化及其液压系统热平衡分析等。该项目投入运营后,脱水污泥含水率降至80%,污泥的日输送量达到66.85 m³/d,污泥储存系统储存量达到200 m³,实现了污泥的减量化生产。最后对该工程进行技术经济分析,为同类项目提供参考。     

Feasibility of using a chlorination step to reduce excess sludge in activated sludge process

The ultimate disposal of excess sludge generated from activated sludge processes has been one of the most challenging problems for wastewater treatment utilities. Previous work has shown that excess sludge can be minimized successfully by using sludge ozonation to dissolve it into substrates to be oxidized in the aeration tank. However, this approach is a costly option. Therefore, as an alternative solution, we propose to use chlorination to replace ozonation in excess sludge minimization in the light of operational cost. To investigate the feasibility of this low cost approach, this paper mainly focuses on the effect of chlorination on sludge reduction rate, formation of trihalomethanes, sludge settleability, and effluent quality. Two identical activated sludge membrane bioreactors were continuously operated with synthetic wastewater under the same operation conditions for several months. During this period, one pilot unit was used as the reference system without chlorination of excess sludge, while another served as a testing unit, where excess sludge was taken out for conducting chlorination at a dose of 133mg/g MLSS every day and the chlorinated liquor was then returned to the aeration tank. The sludge production rate and the water quality of both the units were analyzed daily. It was observed that the sludge production could readily be reduced by 65% once the chlorination treatment was involved. However, the chlorination treatment also resulted in poor sludge settleability as well as significant increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand in the effluent, which creates potential difficulties in the operation of a conventional treatment plant with gravity clarifiers. However, it has been demonstrated that by integrating the immersed membrane into the activated sludge process these difficulties can be overcome effectively.     

Comparison of humification processes occurring during sewage purification in treatment plants with different technological processes

The course of the humification process of sewage sludge collected from three biologic-mechanical treatment plants with different treatment technologies was studied. The maturity of sewage sludge and its usefulness for agricultural purposes was also discussed. The physical-chemical properties of humic acids extracted from sewage sludge received from comparable stages of sludge purification were described. Changes of the sludge properties during sewage purification and the progress of the humification process were investigated with EPR, IR and UV/VIS spectroscopic methods. The content of the elements and the carboxylic groups in humic acids extracted from each stage of the sewage treatment were also determined. It was found that the humification processes take place in all three treatment plants but with different intensities resulting from the differences in the individual cleaning processes in these plants. The most intensive changes of physical-chemical parameters in the extracted humic acids were observed in the anaerobic digester where mesophilic fermentation occurs. The sludge oxygenation processes also significantly affect the course of the humification process during sewage treatment.     

Stability and maturity of thickened wastewater sludge treated in pilot-scale sludge treatment wetlands

Thickened wastewater activated sludge was treated in 13 pilot-scale sludge treatment wetlands of various configurations that operated continuously for three years in North Greece. Sludge was loaded for approximately 2.5 years, and the beds were left to rest for the remaining period. Three different sludge loading rates were used that represented three different population equivalents. Residual sludge stability and maturity were monitored for the last year. Sludge was regularly sampled and microbial respiration activity indices were measured via a static respiration assay. The phytotoxicity of sludge was quantified via a seed germination bioassay. Measurements of total solids, organic matter, total coliforms, pH and electrical conductivity were also made. According to microbial respiration activity measurements, the sludge end-product was classified as stable. The germination index of the final product exceeded 100% in most wetland units, while final pH values were approximately 6.5. The presence of plants positively affected the stability and maturity of the residual sludge end-product. Passive aeration did not significantly affect the quality of the residual sludge, while the addition of chromium at high concentrations hindered the sludge decomposition process. Conclusively, sludge treatment wetlands can be successfully used, not only to dewater, but also to stabilize and mature wastewater sludge after approximately a four-month resting phase.     

Removal of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate at a sewage treatment plant

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) concentrations were measured at different stages in a full-scale sewage treatment plant (STP) and mass balances were calculated. The DEHP load to treatment process coming from the sewer system and the internal load comprising returned supernatants and filtrate from sludge treatment and excess secondary sludge were at the same level. The DEHP removal efficiency from the water phase at the STP was on average 94% of sewage DEHP, the main removal process being sorption to primary and secondary sludges. On average 29% of DEHP was calculated to be removed in the biological nitrifying-denitrifying activated sludge process, which was much less than expected from laboratory biodegradation studies described in literature. Monoethylhexyl phthalate, the primary biotransformation product of DEHP, was not detected at any treatment stage. Approximately 32% of DEHP in sewage was removed during anaerobic digestion of the sludge, while 32% remained in the digested and dewatered sludge.