纯电动汽车高速斜齿轮传动振动特性分析

为研究高转速情况下时变啮合刚度和啮合冲击对斜齿轮传动振动特性的影响,以某纯电动汽车高速斜齿轮传动为研究对象,建立了弯-扭-轴动力学模型;采用改进的基于承载接触分析的计算方法获得时变啮合刚度曲线,并计算了啮合冲击时间及啮合冲击力幅值;分析了时变啮合刚度、啮合冲击以及两者综合3种激励条件下高速斜齿轮传动系统的振动特性。结果表明:时变啮合刚度激励下,在过共振区,转速变化对系统振动的影响不显著;啮合冲击激励以及综合激励条件下,系统振动随转速的升高而增大,与啮合冲击激励相比,综合激励下振动加速度增幅较缓。研究结果可为纯电动汽车高速斜齿轮传动的设计和工程应用提供参考依据。     

粉末冶金温压斜齿轮系统传动性能

使用温压成形技术制造的粉末冶金斜齿轮耐磨性好,成本低.利用有限元法建立了包含齿轮副、传动轴、轴承和箱体的齿轮系统完整的动力学模型.计算了在动态激励下粉末冶金斜齿轮系统的振动响应,通过试验验证了有限元分析模型;研究了粉末冶金斜齿轮传动效率特性.分析了材料因素对齿轮传动效率的影响.结果表明:粉末冶金斜齿轮传动效率比38CrMoAI斜齿轮高,传动更平稳,磨损小,因而具有广阔的应用前景.     

基于传动误差反馈的齿形设计方法

基于渐开线斜齿轮系统动力学、几何性质,利用ABAQUS软件进行了斜齿轮传动误差分析,提出了根据齿轮副传动误差反馈调整齿廓修形的修形曲线和修形量的方法。该方法能够有效减小齿轮副的传动误差,为降低齿轮系统的振动、噪声提供了一个重要的研究方法。     

基于GISFD的斜齿轮轴系减振实验研究

齿轮是机械传动装置中的重要元件，但是，齿轮传动产生的振动和噪声会危害到传动设备的正常运行，严重时甚至会造成设备损坏。为了减小和隔离斜齿轮轴系的振动，提出了一种结构新颖的G型整体式挤压油膜阻尼器（G-type Integral Squeeze Film Damper,GISFD），探究了GISFD对斜齿轮的振动特性影响。搭建基于GISFD的一级斜齿轮试验台，开展了GISFD对斜齿轮轴系的减振实验。此外，还进行了GISFD对齿面磨损斜齿轮的振动抑制实验。结果表明，GISFD对不同转速下斜齿轮轴系有较好的减振效果，在1 200 r/min时，GISFD对斜齿轮主从动轴的振动降幅最高可以达到59.61%；同时，GISFD可以抑制斜齿轮啮合频率及其2倍频处的振动，振动降幅最高可以达到85.71%;GISFD对磨损斜齿轮也有较好的振动抑制效果，主动轴水平方向振动降幅在1 200 r/min时可以达到83.99%。     

铣床主传动箱齿轮副断齿的分析及对策

运用改变传动路线的斜齿轮—电磁离合器变速方案,以提高主轴计算转速,降低其计算扭矩,获得齿轮节圆处计算接触应力的减小;增加齿轮副的重合度,提高传动平衡性,消除齿轮疲劳裂纹断齿现象     

直升机斜齿轮传动的动力学特性分析

多轴斜齿轮传动广泛运用于直升机并车级中。通过建立直升机并车级斜齿轮传动动力学模型,分析系统的固有特性,获得系统的动态响应,并分析不对称载荷对斜齿轮动力学特性的影响。分析表明,由于系统结构对称性,其固有特性表现出良好的规律性。当输入载荷相同时,输入端齿轮运动对称,某些模态响应被抑制,输出端齿轮只存在扭转振动和轴向振动;当输入载荷不对称时,被抑制的振动会重新产生,且不对称度越大,该振动越显著。     

含裂纹故障齿轮系统的非线性动力学研究

考虑时变啮合刚度、间隙非线性及传动误差的影响,针对试验齿轮箱中的单对齿轮传动建立齿轮副扭转振动的参数化动力学模型,对裂纹故障的非线性动力学机理进行研究。采用平均法分析齿轮裂纹模型的主共振及1/2亚谐共振的动力学响应;给出裂纹演化过程对齿轮系统啮合刚度及动力学行为的影响;通过幅频特性曲线、时域图、相轨迹图、Poincaré截面图及频谱图综合分析含有裂纹故障齿轮的振动特征;通过奇异性理论分析裂纹程度及传动误差所产生的内部激励与系统动力学分岔的关系,从而揭示了不同裂纹程度和传动误差所引起的不同分岔模式;最后通过试验提取含有裂纹故障齿轮的振动特征,试验结果验证了理论分析的结果,从而为齿轮系统裂纹故障的识别提供理论依据。     

齿轮综合啮合误差计算方法及对系统振动的影响

通过将轮齿变形分为线性宏观变形和非线性局部接触变形两部分,建立齿轮承载接触分析修正模型,并利用两层迭代将非线性接触问题转化为多个线性代数方程组进行求解。根据各接触点变形关系,提出已知齿面误差分布时啮合刚度和综合啮合误差的确定方法。通过引入刚度激振力将参变的运动微分方程组化为定常微分方程组,并利用傅里叶级数法求解其稳态解。以一对斜齿轮副为例,分析了齿轮误差在不同扭矩和转速下对系统振动的影响规律。研究发现,由于轮齿误差的存在,齿轮副啮合刚度在轻载时会减小,从而导致系统共振转速降低;受重合度和轮齿变形的影响,综合啮合误差的幅值远小于齿面原始制造误差幅值。此方法可用于分析不同误差类型及分布形式对系统振动的影响规律,为进一步建立齿轮误差控制原则提供了有效手段。     

塑料行星齿轮系统振动与噪声特性的研究

为了进一步了解塑料行星齿轮传动系统的传动特性,建立了塑料行星齿轮传动系统的物理模型和实验模型.对塑料行星齿轮传动在不同工况下的振动特性及噪声特性进行了研究.研究结果表明:塑料行星齿轮传动的振动主要分布在齿轮啮合基频带及各次倍频、谐频带和转子不平衡频带等;转速和负载的增大加剧了塑料行星齿轮在啮合基频处和谐频处的振动强度;负载的增加会抑制塑料行星齿轮在啮合2倍频处的振动强度;负载和转速的增加会明显的抑制转子不平衡的影响;噪声随着转速的增大而增大,负载的增大会抑制噪声的强度,噪声的峰值与各频带的共振峰值有着对应的关系.     

粉末冶金斜齿轮振动特性实验研究

齿轮传动是一种应用非常广泛的机械传动形式,在传动过程中会产生振动、噪声,其振动特性是齿轮装置动力性能的重要指标.粉末冶金齿轮是一种新型工艺制作的齿轮,具有良好的力学性能,其振动特性的研究,对于指导设计高性能的齿轮装置,具有重大意义.设计了基于Labview的齿轮振动信号虚拟仪器系统,分析了粉末冶金斜齿轮和38CrMoAl斜齿轮振动信号特征,结果表明:粉末冶金温压斜齿轮比38CrMoAl斜齿轮振动峰值小,传动更稳定,具有广阔应用前景.     

内啮合斜齿轮高精度三维有限元自动建模方法

为提高内啮合斜齿轮有限元接触分析的建模速度和模型精度,提出了一种齿轮高精度三维有限元模型的自动建模方法。基于齿轮插刀齿廓方程,利用齿廓法线法,得到包括齿根过渡曲线的内、外斜齿轮端面齿廓,建立了内、外齿轮参数化粗网格有限元模型。开发了表层六面体网格剖分方法,自动识别齿面接触带单元,进行分级剖分细化,保证了有限元模型的建模精度和网格密度。进行了齿面接触分析,得到了内啮合斜齿轮的弯曲应力、接触应力、接触印痕、传动误差、时变啮合刚度和载荷分配率。粗细网格有限元模型计算结果对比分析表明,该方法提高了内啮合斜齿轮有限元建模效率和计算精度,缩短了计算时间,为快速准确的齿轮接触分析奠定了基础。     

Effects of dynamic transmission errors and vibration stability in helical gears

Transmission error is an important reason for instability in helical gears. A six-degree-of-freedom dynamic model coupled flexional, torsional and axial motion of a helical gear transmission system, which includes time varying mesh stiffness, bearing supporting stiffness, mesh damping and backlash, is developed, after taking into account the dynamic characteristics and vibration responses of helical gear in three dimensions. Influences of involute contact ratio, bearing supporting stiffness, mesh damping and backlash on the dynamic transmission errors and vibration stability of the helical gear system are investigated using numerical simulation technique. The effects on dynamic transmission errors and stabilities by contact ratio, supporting stiffness and mesh damping as well as gear backlash are analyzed. The intrinsic relationship between above parameters and dynamic transmission errors and stabilities for helical gear system are presented. The stable and unstable regions under different parameters are given. The results in this paper can be helpful to the dynamic and stable design of a helical gear transmission system.     

斜齿圆柱齿轮传动系统的耦合振动分析

建立了斜齿轮传动系统（斜齿轮、轴与轴承）的弯曲-扭转-轴向-扭摆耦合振动的动力学模型，推导了其振动微分方程，计算了风力发电机组增速箱FH660的传动系统的振动响应，并进行了三维有限元模态分析。对斜齿轮传动系统进行了很好的数值模拟，为斜齿轮传动系统的动态设计提供了有效的方法。     

功率二分支齿轮传动系统动载特性与模态分析

为了分析功率二分支齿轮传动系统的动力学特性,构建由斜齿分扭传动级与人字齿并车传动级构成的分扭 并车纯扭转动力学模型;通过高斯消元去除状态方程中的冗余变量,解决了系统动力学方程的奇异性并采用 4 阶 Runge-Kutta 法数值求解;分析了无量纲时间下不同齿型构成的 2 级传动动载特性,采用模态分析法,确定该系统的固有频率与固有振型,并结合三维瀑布图分析激振频率对系统共振特性的影响。研究结果表明:该齿轮传动系统由人字齿构成的并车传动级动力学特性优于由斜齿构成的分扭传动级;系统啮合位移与动态啮合力响应瀑布图表明,在该系统激振频率为 1820 Hz 时,系统出现超谐波共振。     

泵源与机体共同激励下液压管路振动特性

车辆液压系统在工作过程中会受到车体振动与泵源液压脉动双重激励的影响,对压力波的传递及管网的振动产生重要影响.针对车辆液压系统泵源激励和车辆机体激励产生的振动进行分析,研究多源激励下管路的振动规律及压力波的传递规律.首先对泵源与机体共同激励下管路振动的计算方法进行了分析,将流体域动力学方程与固体域动力学方程进行组合,建立...     

含间隙的斜齿轮副扭振分析与试验研究

建立了科齿轮副的间隙型非线性扭振模型，其中考虑了斜齿轮副的啮合综合误差，齿侧间隙和时变啮合刚度。采用三维有限元法计算了斜齿轮副啮合刚度，用三次样条插值拟合得到时变啮合刚度函数。用数值积分方法对系统的非线性动力学微分方程进行了求解，获得了斜齿轮副在外转矩作用下受静态传动误差激励的非线性稳态强迫响应，并对系统的动态响应进行了测试，试验和理论计算结果了一致性证实了本文所提出模型和解法的正确性。     

Effects of macro-parameters on vibration and radiation noise for high speed wheel gear transmission in electric vehicles

Considering flexible shafts, a coupled dynamic model for the gear transmission system of wheel reducer used in electric vehicle was developed. By combining the acoustics finite element modal for housing in Virtual Lab and the coupled dynamic model for gear transmission system, a simulation method was proposed for the prediction of the radiation noise for the wheel reducer. Then, the effects of different macro geometry gear parameters including pressure angle and helical angle on the dynamic response and radiation noise were investigated under the rated working condition. Results show that the peak-peak value of the transmission error dramatically falls in the starting zone, followed by an upward trend with the increase of the pressure angle for the low speed stage gear pair. The minimum transmission error and vibration acceleration occur when the pressure angle is 17°. The increase of the pressure angle does not affect the sound pressure level at the field point obviously. The design case with 17° pressure angle shows the optimum radiation noise level, which is 4.41dB less than the original model. Compared to the pressure angle, the helix angle has a major influence on the transmission error, vibration acceleration and acoustic radiation noise. With the increase of the helix angle, the time-varying transmission error curve becomes more smooth with a lower peak-peak value. Besides, the increase of helix angle results in lowering the varying and fluctuating trend of both vibration acceleration and acoustic radiation noise. The design case with 24° helix angle shows the prime radiation noise level, which is 7 dB less than the original scheme.     

粉末冶金斜齿轮系统振动频率响应分析

利用有限元法建立包含齿轮副、传动轴、轴承和箱体的齿轮系统完整的动力学模型。使用有限元分析软件 MSC.Nastran计算了在齿轮动态激励下粉末冶金斜齿轮系统的振动响应,并与38CrMoAl刚性齿轮系统进行比较。     

Quasi-Static and Dynamic Behaviors of Helical Gear System with Manufacturing Errors

Time?varying mesh stiffness(TVMS) and gear errors include short?term and long?term components are the two main internal dynamic excitations for gear transmission. The coupling relationship between the two factors is usually neglected in the traditional quasi-static and dynamic behaviors analysis of gear system. This paper investigates the influence of short?term and long?term components of manufacturing errors on quasi?static and dynamic behaviors of helical gear system considering the coupling relationship between TVMS and gear errors. The TVMS, loaded static transmission error(LSTE) and loaded composite mesh error(LCMS) are determined using an improved loaded tooth contact analysis(LTCA) model. Considering the structure of shaft, as well as the direction of power flow and bearing location, a precise generalized finite element dynamic model of helical gear system is developed, and the dynamic responses of the system are obtained by numerical integration method. The results suggest that lighter loading conditions result in smaller mesh stiffness and stronger vibration, and the corresponding resonance speeds of the system become lower. Long?term components of manufacturing errors lead to the appearance of sideband frequency components in frequency spectrum of dynamic responses. The sideband frequency components are predominant under light loading conditions. With the increase of output torque, the mesh frequency and its harmonics components tend to be enhanced relative to sideband frequency components. This study can provide effective reference for low noise design of gear transmission.     

A new fault diagnosis algorithm for helical gears rotating at low speed using an optical encoder

Helical gears are widely used in gearboxes due to its low noise and high load carrying capacity, but it is difficult to diagnose their early faults based on the signals produced by condition monitoring systems, particularly when the gears rotate at low speed. In this paper, a new concept of Root Mean Square (RMS) value calculation using angle domain signals within small angular ranges is proposed. With this concept, a new diagnosis algorithm based on the time pulses of an encoder is developed to overcome the difficulty of fault diagnosis for helical gears at low rotational speeds. In this proposed algorithm, both acceleration signals and encoder impulse signal are acquired at the same time. The sampling rate and data length in angular domain are determined based on the rotational speed and size of the gear. The vibration signals in angular domain are obtained by re-sampling the vibration signal of the gear in the time domain according to the encoder pulse signal. The fault features of the helical gear at low rotational speed are then obtained with reference to the RMS values in small angular ranges and the order tracking spectrum following the Angular Domain Synchronous Average processing (ADSA). The new algorithm is not only able to reduce the noise and improves the signal to noise ratio by the ADSA method, but also extracts the features of helical gear fault from the meshing position of the faulty gear teeth, hence overcoming the difficulty of fault diagnosis of helical gears rotating at low speed. The experimental results have shown that the new algorithm is more effective than traditional diagnosis methods. The paper concludes that the proposed helical gear fault diagnosis method based on time pulses of encoder algorithm provides a new means of helical gear fault detection and diagnosis.