榆干离褶伞溶栓酶对脂多糖诱导的大鼠炎性肝损伤的保护作用

本实验研究榆干离褶伞溶栓酶(Lyophyllum ulmarium fibrinolytic enzyme,LUFE)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的大鼠肝损伤的保护作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。将大鼠随机分为五组,分别为对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、LUFE低剂量组、LUFE高剂量组。LUFE分别以200、400 mg/kg体质量灌胃2周。除对照组以外其余四组均以腹腔注射LPS诱导大鼠肝脏炎性损伤模型。阳性对照组在造模前腹腔注射地塞米松(5 mg/kg)。苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察肝组织病理改变;检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的水平;Western bolt方法观察肝组织Toll样受体4(Toll like receptor 4,TLR4)、p-TAK1和p-NF-κB p65蛋白水平。实验结果表明,LUFE可缓解LPS诱导的肝组织的炎性损伤,降低血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β含量和AST、ALT活性,提高ALB水平。Western bolt结果显示,LUFE下调TLR4、p-TAK1、p-NF-κBp65蛋白水平。以上结果表明LUFE抑制肝脏炎性损伤,其机制可能与其下调TLR4-NF-κB通路相关蛋白的表达有关。     

榆干离褶伞溶栓酶对酒精诱导大鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究榆干离褶伞溶栓酶（Lyophyllum ulmarium fibrinolytic enzyme，LUFE）对酒精诱导大鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法：将大鼠随机分为4 组，即正常对照组，模型组，LUFE低、高剂量组。除正常对照组以外，其余各组每日按10 mL/kg mb灌胃体积分数40%的酒精诱导肝损伤。LUFE低、高剂量组分别以100、400 mg/kg mb的剂量灌胃LUFE，正常对照组和模型组以等量生理盐水灌胃，共28 d。末次给药后次日处死大鼠，苏木精-伊红染色观察大鼠肝组织病理形态学变化，检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine transaminase，ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase，AST）、清蛋白（albumin，Alb）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（γ-glutamyltranspeptidase，γ-GT）、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）、总胆红素（total bilirubin，T-BIL)、甘油三酯（triglyceride，TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol，T-CHO）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol，LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL-C）水平。蛋白免疫印迹法检测抑制性-κBα（inhibitory kappa B-alpha，I-κBα）蛋白表达水平和核转录因子（nuclear factor，NF）-κB p65磷酸化（p-NF-κB）水平。结果：LUFE干预能减轻肝组织的病理性损伤，抑制酒精所致的血清AST、ALT、γ-GT、ALP活力及TG、T-CHO、LDL-C、T-BIL水平的升高和Alb水平的降低，其中高剂量LUFE能达到显著抑制效果（P＜0.05，P＜0.01）。Western blot结果表明，与模型组相比，LUFE干预能提高I-κBα蛋白表达水平，抑制NF-κB p65蛋白的磷酸化，其中高剂量LUFE能达到显著改善效果（P＜0.05，P＜0.01）。结论：LUFE对酒精所致大鼠肝损伤有保护作用，其机制可能与其抗氧化、抗炎作用有关。     

海兔素对酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝脏保护作用及机制（英文）

本实验旨在观察海兔素对酒精性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用,并从内毒素介导的Kupffer细胞toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)信号通路角度探讨海兔素可能的保肝机制。雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,包括正常对照组、酒精模型组和海兔素干预组。其中,酒精模型组和海兔素干预组大鼠分别灌胃给予8 g/(kg mb·d)乙醇2周后,再给予12 g/(kg mb·d)乙醇6周。海兔素干预组在给予乙醇前1h,灌胃给予海兔素150 mg/(kg mb·d),持续8周。末次灌胃后,禁食不禁水12 h,处死大鼠。采用苏木精-伊红染色进行肝组织病理学观察,采用透射电子显微镜进行肝组织超微结构观察,采用酶学实验检测肝脏损伤血清生物标志物水平,采用显色底物鲎试剂盒检测血清内毒素水平;采用门静脉胶原酶Ⅳ原位灌注及密度梯度离心获得大鼠原代Kupffer细胞。采用墨汁吞噬试验评价Kupffer细胞吞噬活性;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应测定Kupffer细胞中CD14、TLR4和NF-κB的mRNA表达水平;采用蛋白印迹实验测定Kupffer细胞中TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB p65和肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的蛋白表达水平;采用酶联免疫吸附实验测定Kupffer细胞上清液中TNF-α和白细胞介素(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)含量。结果显示,海兔素补充可减轻乙醇引起的肝组织损伤,降低肝脏损伤血清生物标志物水平(P0.05)。进一步研究发现,海兔素补充可减少血浆内毒素含量(P0.05),有效恢复Kupffer细胞吞噬活性,显著降低Kupffer细胞中TLR4及其下游CD14、TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB p65等相关蛋白表达水平(P0.05),并使TNF-α和IL-1β等炎性因子释放受到抑制(P0.05)。结果表明,海兔素对酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝组织具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与海兔素抑制内毒素介导的MyD88依赖性TLR4信号通路活化有关。     

榆干离褶伞溶栓酶对脂多糖诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨榆干离褶伞溶栓酶对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）诱导的血管内皮细胞炎性损伤的保护作用。方法：以LPS诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞（human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVEC）炎性损伤。将HUVEC分为空白对照组、模型组和榆干离褶伞溶栓酶（Lyophyllum ulmarium fibrinolytic enzyme,LUFE）低、中、高剂量组。采用噻唑蓝法测定HUVEC存活率,通过酶联免疫吸附测试法检测细胞上清液乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）、肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α）、白介素6（interleukin 6,IL-6）、E-选择素和单核细胞趋化因子1（monocyte chemoattractant protein 1,MCP-1）水平。流式细胞术检测细胞间黏附分子1（intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1,ICAM-1）表达水平,采用Hoechst染色法观察HUVEC与人急性单核细胞白血病细胞系（human acute monocytic leukemia cell line-1,THP-1）的黏附作用。用蛋白印迹实验检测HUVEC的Toll样受体4（toll-like receptor 4,TLR4）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK）以及核因子-κB（nuclear factor κB,NF-κB）通路中主要蛋白（髓样分化因子88（myeloid differentiation factor 88,MyD88）、转化生长因子β激活激酶1（transforming growth factor β activated kinase 1,TAK1）、磷酸化TAK1（phosphorylated TAK1,p-TAK1））的表达和活化情况。结果：LUFE能够抑制LPS所诱导的HUVEC培养上清液LDH、TNF-α、IL-6、E-选择素和MCP-1水平的升高,降低细胞ICAM-1表达水平并减弱HUVEC与THP-1的黏附作用。与模型组比较,LUFE各剂量组TLR4、MyD88、p-TAK1/TAK1、磷酸化c-Jun氨基末端激酶（phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase,p-JNK）/JNK、p-p38/p38、p-NF-κB/NF-κB水平显著降低（P＜0.05）。结论：LUFE对血管内皮细胞的炎性损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能是通过抑制TLR4/MyD88/TAK1/NF-κB信号通路及MAPK通路,进而降低炎症因子水平,从而保护血管内皮细胞。     

n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对小鼠糖脂代谢影响及机制

目的:基于Toll样受体4(TLR4)/髓样分化因子(MyD88)/NF-κB通路探讨n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFAs)改善小鼠糖脂代谢的机制。方法:40只SPF级C57BL/6雄性小鼠适应性喂养1周,随机分为4组:正常对照组、高脂猪油组(富含饱和脂肪酸)、高脂大豆油组(富含n-6多不饱和脂肪酸)和高脂亚麻籽油组(富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸),持续饲喂9周后进行葡萄糖耐量实验,全自动生化分析仪测定血脂血糖相关指标,ELISA试剂盒测定相关炎症因子,RT-PCR检测各组小鼠脂肪组织中TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路相关基因表达水平。结果:与其他高脂组相比,高脂亚麻籽油组能显著降低血糖水平,提高血清胰岛素水平,降低血清甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平(P0.05);同时能下调TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路相关基因及炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8的表达量。结论:n-3 PUFAs能够抑制高脂引起的小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱,抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路所介导的炎症反应可能是其作用机制。     

基于TLR4/NF-κB信号通路探讨黔产刺梨根干预溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制

目的:基于TLR4/NF-κB信号通路探讨黔产刺梨根治疗溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的作用机制。方法:采用2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）/乙醇溶液灌肠建立溃疡性结肠炎模型,灌胃刺梨根水煎液高、中、低剂量组（8、4、2 g/kg）,柳氮磺嘧啶组（0.3 g/kg）。观察大鼠外观、动作行为以及血便;采集大鼠血清与大鼠结肠,利用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察各组大鼠结肠病理学改变;酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测大鼠血清白细胞介素（IL）-1β,IL-6,TNF-α水平;逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）检测大鼠结肠Myd88、NF-κB p50、NF-κB p65、TLR4 mRNA表达;蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测大鼠结肠Myd88、NF-κB p50、NF-κB p65、TLR4蛋白表达。结果:刺梨根水煎液可明显改善溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠炎症损伤,特别是刺梨根水煎液高剂量组。与模型组比较,刺梨根水煎液高剂量组结肠病理损伤得到显著改善,刺梨根水煎液高剂量组血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均极显著下降（P<0.01）;结肠Myd88、NF-κB p50、TLR4 mRNA表达量显著下降（P<0.05）;结肠Myd88、NF-κB p50、NF-κB p65、TLR4蛋白表达量极显著下降（P<0.01）。结论:刺梨根水煎液可有效缓解TNBS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎并改善炎症损伤,刺梨根水煎液干预溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制可能与抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路相关。     

DHA单酰基甘油酯型藻油对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

研究DHA单酰基甘油酯对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保肝作用及机制。将雄性小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、实验组(DHA单酰基甘油酯组)、阳性对照组(DHA三酰基甘油酯组和DHA乙酯组)5组。给药15 d后,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量,肝组织Toll样受体4(TLR₄)、髓样分化因子(MyD88)、核转录因子κB(NF-κB)基因表达水平。观察肝组织病理性改变;分析小鼠粪便细菌多样性。DHA单酰基甘油酯能显著降低急性酒精肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP、TG、TC和LDL浓度,而显著增加HDL浓度,改善酒精引起的肝组织病理性改变,而且DHA单酰基甘油酯对小鼠肝损伤改善效果优于DHA三酰基甘油酯和DHA乙酯。此外,DHA单酰基甘油酯能显著抑制酒精肝损伤小鼠肝组织TLR₄、MyD88、NF-κB基因表达,对酒精引起的肠道菌群紊乱具有一定恢复作用。DHA单酰基甘油酯对酒精诱导小鼠肝损伤具有一定保护作用,其机制...     

黄皮果果核挥发油对小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

探讨黄皮果果核挥发油(essential oil of kernel,EOK)对诱导小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10增殖和凋亡的影响。3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐[3-(4,5-dimethl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide,MTT]法检测不同浓度的EOK处理B16-F10细胞24、48、72 h后的细胞存活率,并用不同浓度EOK处理B16-F10细胞24 h,荧光法检测线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential,MMP)的变化、磷脂酰丝氨酸蛋白抗体/碘化丙啶(Annexin V-FITC/propidiun iodide,Annexin V-FITC/PI)染色检测细胞凋亡、蛋白免疫印迹法检测核转录因子-кB(nuclear factor-кB,NF-кB P65)及其磷酸化的蛋白(phosphorylate nuclear factor-кB,NF-кB P-P65)、Cleavedcaspase 3、Bax及Bcl-2蛋白表达的水平。结果显示,EOK各处理组均能明显抑制B16-F10细胞的增殖(P 0.05或P 0.01),其趋势呈浓度和时间依赖性。Annexin V-FITC/PI检测发现EOK可诱导B16-F10细胞凋亡,免疫印迹法也显示EOK可使B16-F10细胞NF-кB P65及其磷酸化的蛋白表达量明显降低,Cleaved-caspase 3的蛋白表达量增加,Bax/Bcl-2比值增大。结果表明,EOK可诱导B16-F10细胞凋亡,其机制与抑制胞内NF-кB P65蛋白表达,降低其磷酸化水平,激活Bcl-2/Bax/caspase 3信号通路有关。     

牛蒡子苷元对四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的：探究牛蒡子苷元（arctigenin,ATG）对于糖尿病小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法：通过四氧嘧啶诱导雄性ICR小鼠建立糖尿病模型,设置对照组、模型组、阳性二甲双胍（metformin,Met）组以及ATG高、中、低剂量组（120、90、60 mg/kg mb）,测定小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）和谷草转氨酶（asparate aminotransferase,AST）活力以及炎症因子白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）质量浓度;分析肝脏内谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）水平;对比肝脏染色切片组织形态、组织Toll样受体4（toll-like receptors 4,TLR4）、髓样分化因子88（myeloid differentiation factor 88,MyD88）、核因子κB p65（nuclear factor κB p65,NF-κB p65）信号通路中相关蛋白表达情况。结果：与模型组相比,ATG高剂量干预极显著降低了糖尿病小鼠血清中ALT活力和AST活力（P＜0.01）;ATG高、中剂量极显著降低了炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α质量浓度（P＜0.01）;ATG高剂量极显著提高了糖尿病小鼠肝脏内CAT、SOD活力（P＜0.01）,显著提高GSH含量（P＜0.05）;ATG高、中剂量明显改善了肝脏组织细胞形态,使苏木精-伊红染色切片中细胞内染红面积增大,细胞空泡和出血区域减少;ATG高剂量显著降低了肝脏内TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB p65蛋白表达量（P＜0.05、P＜0.01）。ATG保护糖尿病肝损伤作用机理可能是通过降低TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB p65炎性通路中关键蛋白的表达水平,抑制下游的TNF-α、IL-6等炎症因子表达,进而降低氧化应激水平,改善肝脏组织损伤程度。结论：ATG对糖尿病性肝损伤具有保护作用,本研究可为ATG用于糖尿病性肝损伤的防治提供参考依据。     

榆干离褶伞溶栓酶对高脂血症大鼠血管内皮的保护作用

研究榆干离褶伞溶栓酶(Lyophyllum ulmarium fibrinolytic enzyme,LUFE)对高脂血症大鼠血管内皮损伤的保护作用。将SD大鼠分为正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、LUFE组,正常对照组喂养普通饲料,其余组给予高脂饲料,其中LUFE组同时灌胃LUFE (400mg·kg-1·d-1),阳性对照组于饮食诱导第5周开始灌胃阿托伐他汀钙片(5mg·kg-1·d-1),分别于诱导4、8周后进行指标检测。采用苏木精-伊红染色观察主动脉组织病理学形态变化,油红O染色观察主动脉内膜脂质斑块的分布情况。检测血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶2(SOD2)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、6-酮前列腺素F1α(6-keta-PGF1α)水平,并计算动脉粥样硬化指数。采用Western blot法检测主动脉核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、沉默信息调节因子3(Sirt3)、乙酰化超氧化物歧化酶2(Ac-SOD2)、血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)的表达水平。结果表明:LUFE可减轻高脂血症大鼠主动脉病理性损伤,减少主动脉内膜脂质斑块分布的相对面积,降低血浆TC、TG、LDL-C、ET-1、MDA水平,增加6-keta-PGF1α、CAT和SOD2的水平,上调主动脉组织Nrf2、HO-1、Sirt3蛋白表达,降低主动脉组织Ac-SOD2的相对蛋白表达。研究结果证实,LUFE可减轻高脂血症所致的大鼠血管内皮损伤,其机制可能与降低血脂、减轻氧化应激损伤有关。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press