不锈钢表面振动冲击加速渗铝工艺研究

研究了利用喷丸加速制备涂层技术,对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢分别进行600℃×4、6和8 h渗铝处理,研究了1Cr18Ni9Ti试样的单位面积增重、Al涂层厚度、主要元素沿涂层截面的分布;并将不同温度下获得的铝化物涂层与空白试样一起进行了高温氧化测试实验(900℃×100 h)。结果表明,在较低的温度600℃和较短的时间4 h,可以在1Cr18Ni9Ti钢基体上形成35μm厚的铝化物涂层;但抗氧化性能测试结果却表明,振动渗制处理6 h获得的铝化物涂层性能优于处理4 h和8 h的涂层。     

HR-2不锈钢表面渗Al涂层的制备

为避免制备温度过高引起基体性能退化,采用了室温熔盐电镀与热处理复合技术在HR-2不锈钢卜进行了渗Al涂层制备研究,并对涂层的形貌、结构和成分进行了表征.结果表明,利用该技术制备渗Al涂层是可行的;经500℃和700℃两种温度下热处理,成功制得成分渐变,冶金结合且无缝隙和裂纹的10-15 μm厚渗Al涂层.经700℃下2 h热处理后,渗Al涂层与基体无明显界面,依次由(Fe,Cr,Mn,Ni)2Al5,(Fe,Cr,Mn,Ni)Al和(Fe,Cr,Mn,Ni)3Al3层组成;与700℃热处理后不同,经500℃下10 h热处理后,渗Al涂层与基体间界面明显,由内外两层组成.     

烧结NdFeB表面等离子喷涂Al防护涂层制备工艺及性能研究

目的 采用大气等离子喷涂工艺在烧结NdFeB磁体表面制备Al防护涂层,实现NdFeB磁体防护强化。方法 通过不同喷涂工艺制备Al涂层,采用扫描电子显微镜观测涂层表面、截面形貌和堆积厚度,利用垂直拉拔法测试最佳工艺下涂层的结合强度。喷涂不同厚度Al防护涂层,采用电化学工作站和中性盐雾腐蚀试验研究涂层的耐腐蚀性能,利用脉冲磁场磁强计对比分析喷涂Al涂层厚度对磁体磁性能的影响。结果 喷涂电流从400 A提高至600 A,当喷涂电流为500 A时,涂层表面致密,无明显溅射堆垛和未熔颗粒;喷涂30次,涂层厚度达到40 μm,结合强度达15.5 MPa。等离子喷涂Al防护涂层对NdFeB基体构成牺牲阳极保护,不同厚度涂层的自腐蚀电位无明显差异,约为–1.1 V,自腐蚀电流密度相对NdFeB基体降低了2个数量级。随着涂层厚度的增加,Al防护涂层的耐腐蚀性能逐步提高,喷涂厚度的70 mm的Al防护涂层耐中性盐雾腐蚀时间最高可达300 h以上。随着Al涂层厚度从0 μm增加至70 μm,磁体矫顽力略有提升,剩磁降低为原始样的2.0%~4.26%。结论 等离子喷涂技术可极大改善NdFeB磁体的耐腐蚀性能,为NdFeB防护的工业应用提供了新思路。     

电泳沉积制备YSZ/(Al,Ni)热障涂层的性能研究

利用电泳沉积技术在Inconel600高温合金基体表面制备热障涂层。涂层经1100℃真空烧结2 h后,利用XRD、SEM、自动划痕机和电化学工作站分析涂层的物相、表面形貌、结合强度和抗氯腐蚀能力。结果表明,YSZ/(Ni,Al)复合涂层经真空烧结后,涂层均匀,比YSZ涂层致密。Al、Ni元素的加入,在界面处形成了一定厚度的过渡区。与YSZ涂层相比,YSZ/(Ni,Al)复合涂层与基体结合强度更高。YSZ/(Ni,Al)涂层的抗氯腐蚀与Ni和Ni_3Al有关。     

PCrNi3MoVA钢表面溅射NiCrAlY涂层的高温氧化行为

用磁控溅射方法在PCrNi3 MoVA钢表面制备NiCrAlY涂层,涂层在空气中850 ℃恒温氧化100 h,借助XRD、SEM和EDAX对涂层表面氧化膜进行分析,检测其恒温抗氧化能力.结果表明,涂层大大提高了基体的抗氧化性,涂层表面主要生成了与基体粘附性好的Al2O3氧化膜,在柱状晶间隙较大处生成了NiCr2O4氧化膜与Fe2O3氧化膜;同时涂层的Ni元素与基体的Fe元素发生了明显的互扩散,而Cr元素在界面富集,Al元素主要集中在表面和界面,与氧发生反应生成Al2O3.     

Ti65合金磷酸盐涂层抗高温氧化性能研究

目的通过表面涂层提高高温钛合金Ti65的抗高温氧化性能。方法采用喷涂法在Ti65合金基体上制备以磷酸铝为粘结剂、Al和Al/SiC为填料的两种磷酸盐抗高温氧化复合涂层。研究Ti65合金和涂层样品在650℃准等温、静态空气条件下的氧化动力学行为。用XRD和SEM/EDS分别对涂层样品氧化前后的物相组成、组织形貌和微区成分进行表征分析;用电子探针(EPMA)分析涂层样品的元素分布情况。结果650℃抗高温氧化实验结果表明,磷酸盐涂层样品的准等温氧化动力学曲线均符合抛物线规律,两种涂层样品的抛物线氧化速率常数kp分别为3.922×10^-2、1.768×10^-2 mg/(cm^2·h^1/2)和2.48×10^-2、3.385×10^-4 mg/(cm^2·h^1/2),均小于Ti65合金,氧化增重显著降低。以Al/SiC为填料的磷酸铝涂层的抗氧化性能最好,氧化1000 h,质量增加0.20 mg/cm^2,约为Ti65基体氧化增重(1.13 mg/cm^2)的1/6。微观分析结果表明,两种磷酸盐涂层样品在650℃准等温氧化后,涂层与基体形成扩散层,生成TiAl3金属间化合物,涂层表面均保持完好,没有裂纹和孔隙,有效阻止了氧元素向Ti65基体的扩散,保护基体不受氧化。结论磷酸盐涂层能有效阻止650℃温度下氧向Ti65合金基体的扩散,具有优异的抗高温氧化性能。     

镁合金表面冷喷涂铝合金的界面扩散行为

采用冷喷涂技术在镁合金表面制备了快凝Al-12Si-3Fe-3Mn-2Ni合金粉末涂层,观察了涂层与基体合金界面形态,试验研究了热处理温度和保温时间对涂层与基体之间相互扩散的影响.结果表明,采用冷喷涂技术制备的快凝Al-12Si-3Fe-3Mn-2Ni合金粉末涂层,经热处理后涂层更加致密、均匀,涂层中的Al元素和基体中的Mg元素均发生互扩散;基体中的Mg元素向涂层方向的扩散量要大于涂层中的Al元素向基体方向的扩散量;随着温度的提高和时间的延长,基体和涂层之间的Mg,Al元素扩散程度均提高;但是当温度提高到300℃,时间延长到3h后,其扩散层变化微小.涂层和基体合金中的其它元素扩散量较少.     

γ-TiAl表面NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层的高温氧化行为

采用磁控溅射和电弧离子镀技术在γ-TiAl合金表面制备NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层,研究了复合涂层对提高γ-TiAl合金抗高温氧化性能的作用机理。经950℃恒温氧化100 h后,涂层表面未发现裂纹和脱落,涂层试样氧化增重值较基体大幅减小。对氧化层进行了SEM、EDS和XRD分析,结果表明无保护涂层的基体γ-TiAl合金表层疏松多孔,无法抵抗高温环境下氧气对基体合金的侵蚀。复合涂层表面的NiCrAlY镀层在氧化过程中形成了Cr2O3,α-Al2O3和β-NiAl相组成的致密防护涂层,阻隔了氧气与基体的接触,中间的Al层为表层持续生成Al2O3提供了Al源。NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层显著提高了基体在950℃下的抗高温氧化性能。     

双丝电弧喷涂Ni-Al复合涂层热处理组织及性能

采用双丝电弧喷涂在6061-T6铝合金基体上制备Ni-5Al（质量分数,%）为底层,Ni-20Al（质量分数,%）为面层的Ni-Al复合涂层。Ni-Al涂层经400-550℃/4-48 h热处理后,采用SEM,XRD,EDS和TEM对涂层的显微结构进行了表征,并分析了不同热处理工艺对Ni-Al涂层显微组织和相结构的影响,讨论了涂层与铝合金基体界面反应机理,以及基体和涂层之间的界面元素扩散行为。结果表明,热处理后的涂层相组成变化较小,涂层/基体界面发生扩散,形成金属间化合物NiAl3。随着热处理温度升高和时间的延长,在NiAl3相和涂层之间形成Ni2Al3相,同时界面扩散区逐渐增厚,该过程由铝原子的扩散所控制。热处理后的TEM分析表明,涂层中存在NiAl3、Ni2Al3及Ni的退火孪晶相。Ni-Al涂层随着热处理温度升高和时间的延长,涂层与基体的结合强度略有升高,同时涂层具有较强的抗氧化性能。     

扩散处理对离子镀铝TiAl合金高温氧化性能的影响

利用多弧离子镀技术在TiAl合金表面制备纯铝层,分别进行720℃×2 h、780℃×2 h和840℃×2 h高温扩散处理,采用SEM、EDS和XRD分析了扩散铝层的微观组织及其相组成,并测试了不同扩散热处理工艺对合金高温氧化性能的影响.结果表明:随着扩散温度升高,镀铝扩散层厚度不断增加,扩散层由表及里形成Al2O3/TiAl3/TiAl2的结构特征,且内部Al元素浓度呈梯度分布;镀铝经扩散处理后的TiAl合金在850℃空气中的氧化速度主要受扩散层元素与基体元素之间的热扩散过程控制.氧化动力学曲线呈对数变化规律.当扩散工艺为840℃×2 h时,镀铝扩散层具有优良的抗高温氧化性能.     

Effect of heat treatment on the intermetallic layer of cold sprayed aluminum coatings on magnesium alloy

Dense and thick pure aluminum coatings were deposited on AZ91D-T4 magnesium substrates using the cold spray process. Heat treatments of the as-sprayed samples were carried out at 400 °C using different holding times. The feedstock powder, substrate and coating microstructures were examined using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) as well as Vickers microhardness analysis. The results demonstrate that aluminum coatings having dense and uniform microstructure can be deposited successfully using a relatively large feedstock powder. It has been identified that the intermetallics Al₃Mg₂ (γ phase) and Mg₁₇Al₁₂ (β phase) were formed at the coating/substrate interface during heat treatment. The growth rate of these intermetallics follows the parabolic law and the γ phase has a higher growth rate than the β phase. The thickness of the Mg₁₇Al₁₂ and Al₃Mg₂ intermetallic layers has reached 83 μm and 149 μm, respectively. This result is almost 45% higher than what has been reported in the literature so far. This is attributed to the fact that T4 instead of as cast Mg alloy was used as substrate. In the T4 state, the Al concentration in the Mg matrix is higher, and thus intermetallic growth is faster as less enrichment is required to reach the critical level for intermetallic formation in the substrate. The AZ91D-T4 magnesium substrate contains single α phase with fine clusters/GP-zones which is considered beneficial for the intermetallic formation as well as the intimate contact between the coating/substrate interface and the deformed particles within the coating.     

Corrosion performance of Zn–Al–Mg coatings in open and confined zones in conditions simulating automotive applications

Panels coated by hot dipping with zinc (HDG), Zn–5Al (Galfan) and Zn–1.5Al–1.5Mg coatings at different thicknesses were phosphated and painted on an industrial line. Crevice panels with non‐painted bare parts modelling conditions in hem flanges, reference panels with open surfaces and formed non‐painted panels were exposed to a cyclic accelerated automotive test. Zn–Al–Mg coatings with the thickness of 10 µm provided similar or even better protection than HDG and Galfan at 20 µm in both confined and open configurations. In comparison to 10‐µm HDG, the Zn–Al–Mg coating delayed red rust appearance in crevices by a factor of 2 and the maximal depth of corrosion in the steel substrate was by 42% lower. Confined areas were more corroded than open surfaces. For HDG, the time to red rust appearance dropped by 50–75%, corrosion attack in steel was from 3.5 to 7 times deeper and mass gain was about 2.3 times higher in crevices than on open surfaces. Corrosion of Zn–Al–Mg may be more affected by local environmental conditions created by the crevice configuration than for HDG. Red rust appearance on formed panels of 20‐µm Galfan, 7‐, 10‐ and 14‐µm Zn–Al–Mg was delayed to 10‐µm HDG by a factor of 2.8, 3.5, 3.8 and >4.5, respectively. No adverse effect of forming was noticed. The results indicate that 2‐ to 3‐fold reduction of the coating thickness for Zn–Al–Mg alloy coatings in comparison to traditional HDG may be possible without compromising the corrosion performance.     

热处理对冷喷涂Fe涂层组织与性能影响研究

冷喷涂作为一种新型的涂层技术,在制备大部分金属涂层、金属陶瓷复合涂层方面有着巨大的潜力。本文采用冷喷涂在Al基体上制备了Fe涂层,并结合喷涂后热处理研究了涂层组织与性能特点。结果表明,所得Fe涂层的内部组织比较致密;受到喷涂过程中空气的影响,喷涂射流呈现亮流,所制备涂层表面有较大、较深气孔。在较低温度下热处理后Fe涂层的显微组织变化不明显,显微硬度明显降低;Fe涂层与Al基体之间形成约10μm厚度的金属间化合物层。     

Corrosion Behavior of Fe–Al Coatings Fabricated by Pack Aluminizing Method

In this study,the two kinds of Fe–Al coatings were fabricated by pack aluminizing on low-carbon steel at different temperatures.The corrosion behavior of the Fe–Al coatings in artificial seawater was investigated by the electrochemical and weight loss techniques.Results show that the thickness of coating layer increases with increasing aluminizing temperature.The coatings exhibit high micro-hardness and good metallurgical bonding with the substrate.In comparison with the steel substrate,the corrosion current density Icorrof the Fe–Al coatings is always lower than that of substrate,about 1/38 or 1/33 after 2 h immersion,and 1/3 or 1/6 for 720 h immersion.As can be seen from the weight loss curve,the Fe–Al coatings show less loss than that of the substrate within 30-day immersion.The corrosion products formed on the surface of the coatings include oxides of Al,Mg,Fe and Ca,and pitting defect has also been found.The Fe–Al coating with higher content of Fe_2Al_5 has better corrosion resistance.     

Structure and tensile／wear properties of microarc oxidation ceramic coatings on aluminium alloy

Thick and hard ceramic coatings were prepared on the Al-Cu-Mg alloy by microarc oxidation in alkali-silicate electrolytic solution. The thickness and microhardness of the oxide coatings were measured. The influence of current density on the growth rate of the coating was examined. The rnicrostructure and phase composition of the coatings were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the tensile strength of the AI alloy before and after microarc oxidation treatment were tested, and the fractography and morphology of the oxide coatings were observed using scanning electron microscope. It is found that the current density considerably influences the growth rate of the microarc oxidation coatings. The oxide coating is mainly composed of α-Al2 O3 and γ-Al2O3, while high content of Si is observed in the superficial layer of the coating. The cross-section microhardness of 120μm thick coating reaches the maximum at distance of 35μm from the substrate/coating interface. The tensile strength and elongation of the coated AI alloy significantly decrease with increasing coating thickness. The rnicroarc oxidation coatings greatly improve the wear resistance of AI alloy, but have high friction coefficient which changes in the range of 0.7-0.8. Under grease lubricating, friction coefficient is only 0. 15 and wear loss is less than 1/10 of the loss under dry friction.     

Schutzschichten für Ti3Al gegen Hochtemperaturoxidation

Protective coatings for Ti₃Al against high temperature oxidation As protection against high temperature oxidation the titanium-aluminide Ti₃Al was coated with aluminium and aluminium-oxide by magnetron-sputtering. To investigate the transferability of its efficiency the most effective coating was also deposited on the titanium alloy TiAl6V4. The influence of the coatings on the oxidation rate was determined by isothermly annealing the specimens in air at temperatures between 650°C and 900°C and coincident recording of the weight change. Coating Ti₃Al with 0,2 μm aluminium appreciably reduced the oxidation rate in comparison with the oxidation rate of the uncoated base material. It was even lower than the corresponding value for an uncoated specimen of the higher aluminium-containing titanium-aluminide TiAl. By raising the thickness of the coating to 0,6 μm the effect could be increased. The lowest oxidation rate however was determined after coating Ti₃Al with 0,6 μm aluminium-oxide. A raising of the coating thickness to 1,0 μm did not result in a further reduction. For a short test period the efficiency of the aluminium-oxide coating could be transferred to TiAl6V4: For 30 h a coating with a thickness of 0,6 μm reduced the oxidation rate at 700°C to a value near the corresponding value of uncoated Ti₃Al.     

铀表面Al/Ti复合镀层热应力的有限元分析

对铀表面Al/Ti复合镀层的热应力进行了热弹塑性有限元分析,表明Ti镀层内为压应力,Al镀层内为拉应力,并达到铝的屈服强度,靠近试样侧边,存在边缘效应引起的应力分布不均匀性,离试样侧边2倍镀层厚度处,不均匀性逐渐消失,试样侧边U-Al界面剪切应力大于中部区域.对沉积温度、镀层厚度及镀层力学性能对镀层热应力和塑性应变的研究表明,随着沉积温度升高,镀层内热应力和塑性应变明显增大,减薄Al镀层和增厚Ti镀层可降低镀层内热应力和塑性应变,Al镀层屈服强度及Ti镀层弹性模量对镀层热应力和塑性应变有重要影响.     

Corrosion and wear resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy treated by duplex process of magnetron sputtering and plasma electrolytic oxidation

In order to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy, a magnetron-sputtered Al layer with a thickness of 11 μm was firstly applied on the alloy, and then treated by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in an aluminate and silicate electrolytes, respectively. The performance of PEO coatings was investigated by dry sliding wear and electrochemical corrosion tests. The aluminate coating exhibits excellent wear resistance under both 10 and 20 N loads. The silicate coating only shows low wear rate under 10 N, but it was destroyed under 20 N. Corrosion tests show that the Al layer after magnetron sputtering treatment alone cannot afford good protection to the Mg substrate. However, the duplex layer of PEO/Al can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of AZ31 alloy. Electrochemical tests show that the aluminate and silicate coatings have corrosion current densities of ∼1.6×10⁻⁶ and ∼1.1×10⁻⁶ A/cm², respectively, which are two orders lower than that of the un-coated AZ31 alloy. However, immersion tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) show that the aluminate coating exhibits better long-term corrosion protection than silicate coating.     

Effect on Corrosion Resistance of Ce-Rich-Sealed Ni-P Coatings on Cf/Al Composite Surface

In this study, Ni-P coatings and sealing of the coatings by Ce-rich solution on Cf/Al composite surface for enhanced corrosion resistance are investigated. The corrosion resistance of uncoating sample in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was investigated and a comparison with Ni-P and Ce-sealed Ni-P coatings is given. Effect of Ce-sealing on Ni-P coating is discussed. The results of electrochemical measurements of corrosion performance of Cf/Al composites show that sealing of Ni-P coatings with Ce-rich solution can improve the corrosion resistance. The Ce-rich-sealed Ni-P coating has higher corrosion resistance than the coating without Ce, and the electroless plated Ni-P coating on composite surface has higher corrosion resistance than the bare sample, as evidenced by EIS and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The microstructure of the Cf/Al composites and the two kinds of coatings (i.e., Ni-P coating and Ce-sealed Ni-P coating) were examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The Ce-sealed Ni-P coatings on Cf/Al composite surface have a total thickness of ~11 μm of which 10 μm is the thickness of the Ni-P coating and ~1 μm is the thickness of the Ce-rich sealing. It shows that the selected area electron diffraction ring pattern of Ce-rich sealing on Ni-P plated composite is consistent with Ce₆O₁₁ or CeO₂. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that Ce⁴⁺ was the dominant oxidation state for Ce-rich sealing on Ni-P plated composite. The Ce-sealing treatment on Ni-P coating has improved the corrosion resistance over and above the corrosion resistance offered by the Ni-P mono-coating to the bare substrate.     

CuCrZr合金表面等离子喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr及NiAl/Cr3C2-NiCr涂层的结合性能

在CuCrZr合金表面等离子喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层、NiAl/Cr3C2-NiCr复合涂层.测试涂层与基体间的结合强度及涂层的热震性能,结合SEM,EDS和XRD等分析涂层物相变化,探讨涂层的结合机理.结果表明,涂层的结合强度均较高;Ni-Al发生放热反应,生成Al4Ni3,Al3Ni2,AlNi3,剩余的铝与铜反应生成Cu3Al2,CuAl2,CuAl,局部区域形成微冶金结合;二种涂层均以机械锚合为主,在参数适合且基体相同的情况下,涂层结合强度取决于涂层材料的力学性能;相同试验条件下,NiAl/Cr3C2-NiCr复合涂层的热震性能优于Cr3C2-NiCr涂层.