β-葡萄糖苷酶产生菌的选育

对β－葡萄糖苷酶活力为０．４９７μｍｏｌ／（ｓ·ｇ）的无花果曲霉１０１菌株进行Ｃｏ６０及ＵＶ和ＮＴＧ诱变，得到一株产酶提高１．７２倍的Ｌ２菌株；再经发酵培养基及培养条件，包括碳源、氮源、有机酸、表面活性剂、金属离子、产酶诱导剂、培养温度、水分、初始ｐＨ值、通风量、接种形式及接种量等的优化，以优化得到的最佳条件固态发酵６ｄ，产酶稳定在４．１７～４．６７μｍｏｌ／（ｓ·ｇ）．     

β—葡聚糖酶高产菌株的选育及发酵条件的研究

从土样中筛选到一株产β－聚精酶的曲霉ＦＳ６８野生菌株,经ＵＶ,ＮＴＧ等五代诱变,获得变株ＦＳＵＮ－５１。对该菌株产酶条件优化实验结果表明：最佳培养基配方（％）：大麦粉５,黄豆饼粉 ２, ＦｅＳＯ_４· ７Ｈ_２Ｏ ０． ０１, Ｎａ_２ＨＰＯ_４ ０． １, ＣａＣＯ_３ ０． ５, ＭｇＳＯ_４ ０． ０３, ＮａＮＯ_３ ０． ４;最适的发酵条件为产酶ｐＨ为６．５,温度为３１℃,在２５０ｍｌ三角瓶中装量为２５ｍｌ,发酵周期为７２ｈ,摇瓶相对酶活比野生菌株提高６９％。     

高活力糖化酶发酵技术的研究

本文对糖化酶产生菌ＡＮ１４９的诱变育种方法、发酵产酶工艺、摇瓶培养基配方及小型自动发酵罐条件等进行了系统的研究。实验结果表明，菌种自然分离、紫外线诱变以及ＮＴＧ处理等的配合作用可显著提高产酶量和转化率，出发菌株的产酶活力从８５００ｕ／ｍｌ提高到１５０００ｕ／ｍｌ。按最佳的培养基配方和发酵工艺条件，采用ＷＮＣ－１５突变菌株发酵１６０ｈ，酶活力可达３００００ｕ／ｍｌ加以上，对提高我国的糖化酶活力具有重要的现实意义。     

L-苹果酸产生菌黄曲霉Aspergillus flavus H-98发酵特性的研究

报道了Ｈ－９８菌株发酵Ｌ－苹果酸的特点,研究了碳源、氮源、温度、ＣａＣＯ３、金属离子、促进剂和抑制剂等因素对Ｈ－９８菌株苹果酸发酵的影响,并综合考察培养基配方对产酸的影响,确定了Ｈ－９８菌株的最佳发酵条件,其中最适碳源为１０％葡萄糖,最适氮源为０．２５％（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４,ＣａＣＯ３浓度为７％。生物素、丙氨酸和Ｍｎ２＋在一定浓度范围内能显著提高Ｈ－９８菌株的产酸水平,使该菌株的产酸超过５０ｇ／Ｌ。     

黑曲霉固态培养生产纤维素酶的研究

黑曲霉突变株ＤＭ－１是一株产纤维素酶菌株，其中β葡萄糖苷酶活性特别高。采用粗纤维原料固体培养，发酵９６小时（培养温度３１℃），其滤纸酶活和β葡萄糖苷酶活分别为９５和１２００ｍｇ葡萄糖／ｇＤＭｈ。本试验系统研究了各种营养成份和培养条件对ＤＭ－１菌株产纤维素酶的影响。最适发酵培养基为：稻草杆（或麦杆）∶麦麸为６０∶４０、硫酸铵３．０、硫酸镁０．３、玉米浆３．０，加水２００％，自然ｐＨ；环境湿度８５％－９０％。酶反应最适温度和ｐＨ分别为５５℃－６０℃和ｐＨ５．０。酶ｐＨ稳定性较好，在ｐＨ３．０－８．０范围内处理１小时，残余酶活力在８５％以上，该酶经５５℃处理３０ｍｉｎ，剩余酶活力为８６．０％。     

L－脯氨酸产生菌的选育

以嗜乙酰乙酸棒杆菌ＡＴＣＣｌ３８７０为出发菌株，经硫酸二乙酯（ＤＥＳ）和亚硝基胍（ＮＴＧ）逐级诱变处理，结构类似物定向选育，获得一株Ｌ－脯氨酸高产菌ＺＱ－３（ＳＧｒ、Ｓｕｃｇ、ＤＨＰｒ）。在含１６％葡萄糖的培养基中，摇瓶发酵７２ｈ，产酸率为５．３％～５．５％。     

黑曲霉液体发酵纤维素酶的研究

在黑曲霉ＤＭ—１液体深层发酵所产纤维素酶系中，β－葡萄糖苷酶活性特别高。系统研究了ＤＭ—１菌株的摇瓶产酶条件及２５Ｌ发酵罐发酵工艺。２５Ｌ发酵罐试验结果表明，在通风量０．４～１．０ｖｖｍ、搅拌转速２５０～５００ｒ／ｍ、发酵温度３１℃及控制发酵液ｐＨ在４．０左右的条件下，发酵１０４小时，其β－葡萄糖苷酶活和ＣＭＣ分别为３３０和２４１ｍｇ葡萄糖／ｍｌ。发酵滤液经硫铵盐析沉淀、过滤或离心及干燥等过程得固体纤维素干酶粉。其中β－葡萄糖苷酶活为１３５００ｍｇ葡萄糖／ｇ，平均收率８０．２％。     

α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶高产菌株的选育及产酶条件的研究

以从土壤中分离出的9株地衣芽孢杆菌株，通过产酶实验发现BL－4的产酶活性最好，通过UV和NTC对BL－4进行复合诱变，获得了一株产酶活性比出发菌株BL－4高1．22倍的α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶高产菌株，并研究了该菌株的最佳发酵产酶条件：培养温度30℃，发酵时间36h，发酵液起始pH6.5.     

植酸酶产生菌的选育研究

以无花果曲霉２１２３－１５＾＃为出发菌株，用ＣＯ＾６０照射诱变，获得Ｃ２１２３－１５－７＾＃和Ｃ２１２３－１５－６４＾＃两株产酶活力较高菌株，在最适发酵条件下，酶活最高可达１１．２８ｕ／ｍｌ，比原菌株提高１６８．５％，发酵时间也从９天缩短为５天。     

α－葡萄糖苷酶的初步研究及其在异麦芽低聚糖浆生产中的应用

从７种霉菌中筛选出１株产α－糖苷酶的曲霉Ｂ－１菌株Ｃｏ６０照射两次．进行诱变处理．得曲霉Ｂ－１ＣＯ２菌株，３７℃固体培养４８ｈ最高酶活７２０ｕ／ｇ（曲干基），酶作用最适ｐＨ５．３，最适温度为５５℃。对Ｃａ＋＋、Ｍｇ＋＋激活酶，对固体培养基组成、水分、培养时间、培养温度等进行了初步试验。通过纸上层析法检出酶作用产物的异构糖组分，在实验室中制备异麦芽低聚糖浆并叙述了它的生理性质及在食品工业上的应用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the