《太一生水》"神明"考释

郭店楚简<太一生水>提出了一种独特的宇宙论.该文本在论述宇宙生成时提出了一系列哲学概念,其中关于"神明"概念的解释学界争议颇多:或云"神明"为神祗,或云为日月,或云为精气和精气显现出来的作用及现象.这些解释皆可商榷.考之典籍可知,"神明"应指"精气和日月星辰".     

《离骚》"凤皇受诒"考论

<离骚>中"凤皇既受诒兮,恐高辛之先我"中的"凤皇"闻一多先生认为就是玄鸟.但从古代字书的出,凤皇与玄鸟并非一物二名,二者是有明显的不同的.而且细考有关传说及其演变,也并未出现凤皇与玄鸟的融合.所以本文认为只能理解为受诗人之诒.     

《离骚》小解

屈原是我国署名的爱国主义诗人,他的<离骚>长这三百七十三句,约有二千四百七十三字,是我国最早的一首长诗,诗中包含了许多信息,成为今天我们了解屈原所处时代的社会状况以及屈原生平、思想的重要历史资料,文章从分段、屈原的生平以及思想几个方面分析认识<离骚>.     

解读《城堡》中的伊甸园神话

犹太作家卡夫卡深受<圣经>中的伊甸园神话影响,他在<城堡>中重构了一个现代版的伊甸园神话,本文通过细读文本入手,解读<城堡>中的伊甸园神话,揭示卡夫卡对人类生存困境的思考.     

《简爱》与女性尊严

女性作家夏洛蒂.勃朗特的<简.爱>是现代女性的必读物和精神食粮.<简·爱>之所以成为女性必读的经典之作,正是因为人们特别是女性从主人公简的身上看见了一种坚强、自尊、自立的生活态度.书中简曾发出过这样的申诉:"你以为我贫穷,卑微,不美,你就以为我没有灵魂没有心了吗……"这是简自己对女性尊严的认识,是对自己独立人格的捍卫.这对于同时代的女性来说这种思想是超前先进的.在同期文学作品中也是很少有的女性先进思想.     

试论《白虎通义》中的"孝"观念

以孔子为代表的儒家学说经历历史潮流沉浮后,终于在汉武帝"罢黜百家,独尊儒术"之后,登上汉代政治舞台,成为两汉的统治思想和主流文化.以仁学为核心的儒家思想认为,"孝"是仁的基础,是一切德行的根本,是教化的源泉.汉代独尊儒术,也是首次公开倡导孝治的朝代,且"以孝治天下"著称.那么,<白虎通义>作为由汉章帝亲自主持会议而编纂整理而成的一部书,以最权威的形式对儒家思想作了官方总结,并有汉代"法典"的美称.所以书中对"孝"的论述,既是因为"孝"是儒家思想的不可或缺的一部分,也是为了迎合统治者的需要.以下将浅论<白虎通义>中"孝"的内容、"孝"观念的延伸--尊师和忠君.参考资料: [1]杨伯峻:<论语译注>,中华书局2009年版.[2]陈立:<白虎通疏证>,中华书局2007年版.[3]汪受宽:<孝经译注>,上海古籍出版社2004年版.     

《论语》中的"礼"

春秋时代是一个礼崩乐坏的时代,孔子面对这种时境,坚持依礼而行,以礼救世,<论语>中就具体的记述了孔子对"礼"的一些观点.在对<论语>中"礼"的集注的基础上采用整体结构分析的符号方法与具体文化语境分析的方法,按照<论语>中对"礼"的源起、发展这一流动过程来进行分类,在集注的基础上对"礼"加以解读,以期望接近孔子的原意.按照<论语>中对这一流程的记载,大致可分为五个方面:一是礼之因革;二是礼之本;三是礼-乐-仁;四是礼之规定;五是礼之实践.     

古"中医"的本义是"合理医疗"——再论《汉书·艺文志》"中医"的本义

古今"中医"含义不同,古"中医"首见于<<汉书·艺文志>序及方技略>,今"中医"出于国民政府<中医条例>.古"中医"非地域化的"中国医学",晚清以前历代医学著作无一贯以"中"字.从古代医生的等级划分方法否定"中医"是等级低下技术平庸的中等医生.而从"中"具"合""适当""合理"之义,到儒家"中庸"对医学的渗透,医生在医疗活动中应时时事事坚持以中为用,以中为本合理诊治."得中"病愈,"失中"病剧.从"得中"与"失中"治疗效果对比,依文定义"中医"是合理医疗.     

从存在主义角度透视《无命运的人生》——集中营生活中的"自由"和"幸福"

存在主义主要关注的是人的生存状态,它肯定"人的存在先于本质"这一首要原则,表现人在荒谬、绝望的境遇中的自由选择和精神自由.2002年诺贝尔文学奖获得者凯尔泰斯·伊姆雷,他的长篇自传体小说<无命运的人生>以冷静客观的视角描绘了二战时法西斯集中营中专制残酷的生活,与此同时,他阐释了集中营中的"自由"与"幸福",因此受到好评的同时也存在着反时的声音.本文试图从存在主义视角探讨作品当中处处渗透的存在主义精神自由、自由选择的色彩,以及加缪论述的<西西弗的神话>中的"幸福",这种"自由"和"幸福"最终又将矛头指向奥斯维辛留给人们的灾难性回忆和精神创伤.     

胡润来南宁发布《财富报告》李宁成为"桂商首富"

4月16日,由骋望集团主办的胡润报告会在南宁举行,胡润百富创始人兼首席调研员胡润亲临南宁发布<胡润财富报告--南宁>,报告显示,广西有25位资产达10亿元人民币的富豪,而前"体操王子"李宁更以120亿元的身家、登上了<胡润财富报告--南宁>"桂商首富"的耀眼位置.这是胡润研究院今年发布的第一个地区性财富报告.对于南宁版<财富报告>,胡润认为,广西的财富榜单与全国财富榜的不同之处在于财富榜单中从事实业(例如糖厂、食品、矿产等)的富豪明显比全国财富榜中的比例高,堪称"广西特色".     

Activation of the uncoupling protein by fatty acids is modulated by mutations in the C-terminal region of the protein

The transport properties of the uncoupling protein (UCP) from brown adipose tissue have been studied in mutants where Cys304 has been replaced by either Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Ile or Trp. This position is only two residues away from the C-terminus of the protein, a region that faces the cytosolic side of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Mutant proteins have been expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their activity determined in situ by comparing yeast growth rates in the presence and absence of 2-bromopalmitate. Their bioenergetic properties have been studied in isolated mitochondria by determining the effects of fatty acids and nucleotides on the proton permeability and NADH oxidation rate. It is revealed that substitution of Cys304 by non-charged residues alters the response of UCP to fatty acids. The most effective substitution is Cys for Gly since it greatly enhances the sensitivity to palmitate, decreasing threefold the concentration required for half-maximal stimulation of respiration. The opposite extreme is the substitution by Ala which increases twofold the half-maximal concentration. We conclude that the C-terminal region participates in the fatty acid regulation of UCP activity. The observed correlation between yeast growth rates in the presence of bromopalmitate and the calculated activation constants for respiration in isolated mitochondria validates growth analysis as a method to screen the in situ activity of UCP mutants.     

Specificity in the recognition of crystals by antibodies

We show that IgG molecules isolated from the serum of rabbits injected with crystals of monosodium urate monohydrate, magnesium urate octahydrate and allopurinol, can each catalyze the nucleation of the same type of crystal to which they were exposed. These results generalize previous findings related to monosodium urate monohydrate and assess the idea that the invasion of a foreign crystal into an organism may amplify a population of antibodies which bear in their binding sites an imprint of the crystal surface structure. Such antibodies can further act as nucleating templates which accelerate crystal formation in vitro. Antibodies isolated from rabbits injected with sodium urate crystals do not cross-react or cross-react only to a low extent with antibodies isolated from rabbits injected with crystals of either magnesium urate or allopurinol. These results indicate a high specificity of the elicited antibodies, as these can distinguish between nuclei of crystals having similar molecular and structural characteristics.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定焦炭中的磷

用HNO3和HF溶解样品,加HClO4冒烟,采用ICP-AES直接测定焦炭中的磷。分析谱线为213.618nm,通过同步背景扣除消除背景干扰及光源噪音,选定了仪器的最佳工作条件。结果表明,该方法简单快捷,检出限为0.010μg/mL,RSD(n=8)为1.034%,加标回收率在98.7%～101.4%,用于实际样品分析,测定结果与标准值和其他方法的测定值相符。     

Role of lipopolysaccharide in colonization of the mouse intestine by Salmonella typhimurium studied by in situ hybridization

An avirulent, streptomycin-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strain, SL5319, and its lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-deficient mutant strain, SL5325, differ in their ability to colonize the large intestines of streptomycin-treated mice. When fed to mice independently, the strains colonize equally well, but when fed together, the LPS-deficient mutant is outcompeted by the wild-type strain during establishment in the gut (J.J. Nevola, B.A.D. Stocker, D.C. Laux, and P.S. Cohen, Infect. Immun. 50:152-159, 1985). In the present study, the spatial distribution in the intestinal mucosal layer of the two strains was visualized by specific hybridization to bacterial rRNA in histological sections of mouse colon and cecum. The first day after infection, 9.8% of the smooth SL5319 cells observed in mucus were found to be associated with the mouse epithelial cells, but three days after infection, the corresponding fraction of adhering bacteria was reduced to 2.1%. The LPS-deficient S. typhimurium strain was confined to the part of the mucosal layer closest to the colonic lumen and was not observed to adhere to the epithelium either at day 1 or 3 after infection. Quantitative determinations of the distance from the S. typhimurium cells to the epithelial wall confirmed that the average distance for the rough S. typhimurium SL5325 was much larger than for its smooth counterpart, S. typhimurium SL5319. Quantification of the hybridization signal from bacteria isolated from the cecal mucus revealed that the two strains had the same ribosome concentration, indicating that they have the same potential for growth in the intestinal environment. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that the better colonization ability of the strain carrying wild-type LPS is due to the better abilities to penetrate the intestinal mucosal layer and to subsequently bind to the epithelial cells in vivo.     

Effects caused by convection in the capillary and by stirring of the reservoir in the capillary-reservoir technique for measuring diffusion coeffients in liquid metals

Abstract

Causes of inaccuracy in determining diffusion coefficients in liquid metals by the capillary-reservoir technique have been investigated. Diffusion of silver in alloys of silver in liquid tin was chosen as a typical system. Examination was made of effects caused by stirring the reservoir, negative temperature gradients, and density gradients set up by differences in solute concentration between the liquid in the capillary tube and that in the reservoir. The results show that all three should be avoided if accurate data is to be obtained.

Réesumé

Léauteur a recherché les causes du manque de précision dans la détermination des coefficients de diffusion dans les métaux liquides par la méthode du réservoir capillaire. Le système type choisi a été pour la diffusion de l'argent dans des alliages d'argent dans de l' étain liquide. Ont été examinés les effets causés par une agitation du réservoir, par des gradients négatifs de tempétature, et par des gradients de densité dus à des différences de concentration des solutés entre le liquide contenu dans le capillaire et celui contenu dans le réservoir. Pour obtenir de bonnes mesures, ces trois effets doivent étré évités.     

Localization of the peritoneal reflection in the pelvis by endorectal ultrasound

BACKGROUND: Large adenomas and low-risk rectal carcinomas (T1) that are localized distal of the pelvic peritoneal reflection (PPR) are treated by transanal excision. However, the location of the PPR varies widely and cannot be detected reliably by preoperative methods. Therefore, we evaluated the value of endorectal ultrasound (EUS) for the prediction of an intraperitoneal location of rectal tumors. METHODS: Fourteen patients with rectal tumors measuring 相似文献