墙式燃烧锅炉磨煤机启停不投或少投油运行方式

直吹式墙式燃烧锅炉运行规程规定,日常磨煤机启停过程中对应燃烧器需无条件投点芡石面燃。通过研究直吹式墙式燃烧锅炉磨煤机启停过程中煤粉气流的着火过程,分析对比启停磨煤机对应燃烧器与运行燃烧器煤粉气流着火前的吸热过程,提出在机组负荷高于某负荷点时直吹式墙式燃烧锅炉可以采用磨煤机启停不投或少投油方式。     

墙式燃烧锅炉磨煤机启停不投或少投油方式续论

通过对煤粉气流爆燃产生的条件、爆燃后所产生的压力扰动等的分析，探讨磨煤机启停不投或少投油的安全性。同时，认为现行的磨煤机启停投油及其规程已不适应目前中大型直吹式墙式锅炉的磨煤机启动，并建议尽快建立与磨煤机启停不投油或少投油方式相适应的新规程。     

锅炉磨煤机启停不投油的试验分析

针对火电厂磨煤机启停时锅炉需投油助燃,增加发电成本的问题,华能大坝电厂对现有的磨煤机启停规程进行调整,对4台锅炉的磨煤机在设定条件下进行了启停不投油试验,确定了磨煤机启停时对应的燃烧器不投助燃油的锅炉运行条件。应用结果表明:实施磨煤机启停燃烧器不投油技术后,大坝电厂4台机组2014年至少节约燃油575 t,约合人民币413万多元,经济效益非常显著。     

锅炉高负荷阶段不投油启停磨煤机的试验研究

为节约锅炉高负荷阶段启停磨煤机所耗的燃油,提出了不投油启停磨煤机的设想。经过不同磨煤机运行组合方式下炉膛温度的摸底测量,以及不同炉膛温度下煤粉气流温升的理论计算,成功完成了不同磨煤机运行组合工况下的磨煤机启停试验,即4台磨煤机运行时不投油启动第5台磨煤机、5台磨煤机运行时不投油停运1台磨煤机,有效减少了助燃用油。     

磨煤机启停不投油的研究

针对河津电厂助燃用油太多的问题 ,通过对磨煤机启停不投油的试验分析 ,证明该方法对本厂机组可行 ,实施后取得了可观的经济效益     

启停磨煤机不投油试验

1　存在问题河津电厂一期工程 2× 35 0MW机组分别于 2 0 0 0年 8月和 11月投入运行。机组锅炉采用日本三菱公司设计制造的亚临界、一次中间再热、单炉膛、平衡通风、固态排渣、强制循环汽包炉 ,型号为MBFRR。燃烧系统采用四角切圆燃烧的PM燃烧器 ,燃烧器顶部布置一层OFA和两层AA风喷口 ,配有 4台美国惠勒公司的FWD 11D型双进双出钢球磨煤机 ,正压直吹式运行 ,每台磨煤机对应一层煤粉燃烧器。另外 ,分别在A、B层和C、D层煤粉燃烧器之间设计了两层蒸汽雾化油燃烧器。机组设计时出于安全考虑 ,在启停磨煤机时要求相临层油枪投入 ,以…     

直吹式制粉系统备用磨煤机启停不投油的可行性分析

针对华能德州电厂三期锅炉运行中备用磨煤机启停助燃油消耗大的问题，分析了燃烧器的结构、性能及炉膛温度。提出了备用磨煤机不投油启停的观点。经过试验及长期运行的实践表明，在锅炉稳定运行时可以实现备用磨煤机不投油启停，减少了大量燃油的消耗，取得了可观的经济效益。对磨煤机泵启停程序中的火焰联锁作了适当调整：当机组负荷高于360MW时，备用磨煤机允许不投油启停；当低于360MW时，为确保安全仍需油枪点火助燃。这对配备旋流燃烧器及双进双出制粉系统的锅炉安全经济运行、减少备用磨煤机启停助燃油具有一定的指导意义。     

再论墙式燃烧锅炉磨煤机启停不投或少投油的可能性

通过煤粉气流着火前的温升计算,依据赛门洛夫（Semenov）热着火理论探讨磨煤机启停不投或少投油的可能性.理论计算结果表明：直吹式墙式锅炉磨煤机启动过程少投油是可行的,且至少有半数点火油枪无需投入,仅此即可将启动燃烧器所消耗的点火油节省一半.在一定条件下,可不投油,这样有望节省全部点火油.     

沙角B电厂锅炉运行不投油起停磨煤机试验研究

沙角B电厂锅炉正常运行时起停磨煤机需投油稳燃造成电厂燃油消耗大.对此,在1号炉进行了不投油起停磨煤机试验.结果表明,在锅炉现有日常运行模式下,炉膛温度大于煤粉气流在离开燃烧器出口1.0 m处稳定着火所需温度,起动磨煤机对应的燃烧器爆燃产生的压力不会对炉膛负压造成大的影响.因此,可安全实现不投油起停磨煤机,仅此每炉每年可节约磨煤机起停助燃油约300 t.     

墙式燃烧锅炉磨煤机启停过程节油技术试验研究

以某台600MW机组墙式燃烧锅炉为例,介绍了全新节油试验项目的方案设计、试验过程的重点监测项目、注意事项和节油试验的主要研究结果及实施后的效果.从中得出以下结论:(1)煤粉气流热着火计算模型和煤粉气流脱火、爆燃与炉膛负压变化模型是进行节油试验的重要依据和工具;(2)新开发的节油试验项目是墙式锅炉安全实施节油技术的必经途径与重要保证;(3)墙式锅炉日常磨煤机启停过程中的节油潜力巨大,节油率可达95%以上.     

关于优化汽轮机起停操作的探讨

如何做到合理地起、停汽轮机是保障发电厂发电机组安全、经济运行的一个重要课题。根据实践经验和理论分析,从合理缩短起动时间、减少起、停机时的安全隐患和考虑运行经济性的角度,对优化汽轮机起动、停运操作,特别是对起动时暖管和;中转阶段的参数控制,水泵、加热器和法兰螺栓加热装置的投用．停运时的胀差控制等问题进行了较为广泛的讨论。     

水电机组开停机过渡过程的远程监测分析及诊断

从完善机组开停机过程相关信息量监测,应用网络通信技术,采用基于基础知识库的模式识别故障诊断技术等方面入手,对水电机组开停机过渡过程的远程监测分析进行阐述,对水电厂安全运行具有重要意义。     

燃油系统的安全经济运行

根据芜湖发电厂锅炉燃油系统运行和检修工作经验 ,分析了燃油系统存在的问题 ,如油中含水量多、油枪雾化不良、油枪烧损等。对照有关规程规定 ,针对存在的问题 ,提出了燃油系统的防火安全和节能措施 ,主要有加强油质监督、减少油罐顶部漏水、定期排污油、搞好设备检修、正确使用油枪等     

Optimization of the operating conditions of fuel oil combustion in the furnaces of large-capacity boilers

We describe a proposed small-size cavitator having an adjustable flow cross-section, which allows the dispersion of water-fuel oil emulsion to be varied during the operation of large-capacity boilers. It is shown that the operating conditions of the boiler must be synchronized with those of the cavitator if we wish the problem of reducing the amount of harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere during the combustion of fuel oil to be solved in a comprehensive manner.     

基于机组自启停系统的锅炉上水流程设计优化

本文通过对机组自启停系统上水方式需求的分析,提出一种设计优化方案。采用该方案,机组自启停系统可根据运行人员预先选择的电泵上水或汽泵上水方式,自动顺序运行或并行运行各功能组,从而兼顾了2种上水方式的需要,提高了对机组运行状况的适应性。     

Assessment of the potential for conversion of TP-108 boilers to firing natural gas and fuel oil

TP-108 boilers were initially designed to burn milled peat. In the 1980s, they were reconstructed for conversion to burning natural gas as well. However, operation of these boilers revealed problems due to low reheat temperature and great air inleakage in the furnace. The initial design of the boiler and its subsequent reconstruction are described in the paper. Measures are presented for further modernization of TP-108 boilers to eliminate the above-mentioned problems and enable natural gas or fuel oil only to be burned in them. Thermal design calculations made using a specially developed adapted model (AM) suggest that replacement of the existing burners with new oil/gas burners, installation of steam-to-steam heat exchangers (SSHE), and sealing of the boiler gas path to make it gas tight will allow the parameters typical of gas-and-oil fired boilers to be attained. It is demonstrated that SSHEs can yield the design secondary steam reheat temperature, although this solution is not typical for natural circulation boilers with steam reheat. The boiler equipped with SSHEs can operate on fuel oil or natural gas with flue gas recirculation or without it. Moreover, operation of the boiler with flue gas recirculation to the air duct in combination with staged combustion enables the required environmental indicators to be attained.     

Ways of solving environmental problems while transferring the boilers for burning water-bitumen mixture instead of fuel oil

Information concerning a new kind (for Russia) of liquid fuel, i.e., water-bitumen mixture (orimulsion), is presented. The application of the new fuel instead of the fuel oil at a boiler of a power unit of 350-MW capacity makes it possible to decrease sufficiently the expenditures for fuel while keeping the main environmental indices.     

采用高压缸启动方式机组OPC功能试验研究

基于南京科远自动化集团股份有限公司设计的高压缸启动方式下机组超速保护控制(OPC)功能及特点,对机组甩负荷试验中OPC功能进行了分析,提出了OPC复位时间Tr的预算方法,Tr的取值关系到机组甩负荷后汽轮机转速降至最低转速以及OPC动作次数,再热蒸汽的快速泄压可减少OPC的动作次数.某亚临界300 MW机组甩负荷试验结果表明,数字式电液控制系统(DEH)能够满足对汽轮机转速控制的要求,如果选取机组惰走至2 900 r/min的Tr进行OPC复位时,第2次汽轮机转速飞升峰值会更低,对转速的控制会更好.     

Effect of combustion catalyst on the operation efficiency of steam boilers

The state of the energy market of the Ukraine is analyzed. The priority of using local, low-grade solid fuel according to its flame combustion in power boilers of thermal power plants and heat and power plants in the short-term perspective is proven. Data of expert tests of boilers of TPP-210A, BKZ-160-100, BKZ-210-140, Ep-670-140, and TGM-84 models with the investigation of the effect of the addition of combustion catalyst into primary air duct on their operation efficiency are represented. Positive results are attained by burning the anthracite culm or its mixture with lean coal in all range of operating loads of boilers investigated. The possibility to eliminate the consumption of “backlighting” high-reactive fuel (natural gas or fuel oil) and to operate at steam loads below the technical minimum in the case of burning nonproject coal is given. Problems of the normalization of liquid slag run-out without closing the boiler taphole are solved.