Thermoelectric properties of Yb x Co_4 Sb_（12） system

Yb x Co 4 Sb 12 polycrystals were fabricated by vacuum melting combined with hot-press sintering.The effect of Yb-filling on thermoelectric property of unfilled skutterudite CoSb 3 was investigated,which indicated the enhancement of the power factor of the material.Transport properties of materials changed from semi-conductor to semi-metal during the measurement of electrical conductivity,which indicated the change of electronic band structure.The maximum value of electrical conductivity was about 190000 S/m at 300 K for all samples.On the basis of Yb-filling,power factor of Yb 0.2 Co 4 Sb 12 reached 5-6 mW/(m·K) during the measurement temperature.Thermal conductivity decreased with increase of Yb content,and the thermal conductivity of Yb 0.2 Co 4 Sb 12 reached 3.2 W/(m·K) at 600 K.The ZT value of Yb 0.2 Co 4 Sb 12 reached 1.16 at 700 K due to positive contribution from high power factor and low thermal conductivity.     

Effect of samarium filling on the lattice thermal conductivity of skutterudite materials

Sm-filled skutterudites SmxCo4Sb12 (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.5) were synthesized via high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) technique. The temperature dependences of electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity were measured on these compounds in the range of 300-723 K. All samples showed n-type conduction. The thermal conductivity of SmxCo4Sb12 was significantly depressed as com-pared to unfilled CoSb3. It was believed that Sm atoms "rattled" in the voids of structure and substantially affected the phonon propagation through the lattice. The dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, increased with increasing temperature and reached a maximum value of 0.81 for Sm0.5Co4Sb12 at 723 K.     

Thermoelectric properties of LaFe_3CoSb_(12) skutterudite materials with different nanostructures

Nanostructures with different morphologies could profoundly influence the electron and phonon transport in thermoelectric materials and thus their properties could be improved by tuning the nanostructures.The LaFe3CoSb12 skutterudite nano powders with differentmorphologies were fabricated via a hydro/solvo thermal route.The microstructures of the hot-pressed LaFe3CoSb12 bulks were characterizedthrough X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the effects of the nanostructures on the thermoelectric properties were investigated by measuring the electrical conductivity,the Seebeck coefficient and the thermal conductivity.The results suggestedthat the mixed morphology of nanorods and nanospheres could enhance the electrical conductivity largely although the Seebeck coefficientwas decreased and the thermal conductivity was increased slightly.Differently,a higher Seebeck coefficient,a lower thermal conductivity anda lower electrical conductivity could be obtained for the LaFe3CoSb12 bulk with a single morphology of nanospheres.Consequently,the figure of merit of LaFe3CoSb12 bulk with a mixed morphology of nanorods and nanospheres could be increased by about 59% as compared tothat with a single morphology of nanospheres.     

Thermal chemistry and short-range order in Co-Sb melts

The enthalpies of mixing for the liquid Co-Sb alloys are measured by isoperibolic calorimetry at 1600 K over the whole concentration range relative to liquid Sb and undercooled liquid Co. The minimal integral enthalpy of mixing is −6.3 ± 0.6 kJ/ mole at x_Co = 0.50. Activity of components, Gibbs energy, and the entropy of mixing are calculated using a short-range ordering model considering CoSb associates formed in molten Co-Sb alloys. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Vol. 46, No. 5–6 (455), pp. 96–101, 2007.     

Crystal Structures and Thermoelectric Properties of Sm-Filled Skutterudite Compounds Smy Fex Co4 - x Sb12

Polycrystalline samples of Sm partially filled skutterudites SmyFexCo4-xSb12 were prepared by melting and Spark Plasma Sintering technique. The results of Rietveld refinement showed that the obtained SmyFexCo4-xSb12 samples possessed filled skutterudite structures. The thermal parameter （B） of Sm is larger than that of Sb, Fe, and Co, indicating that Sm ＂rattled＂ in Sb-icosahedron voids. The effects of filling atom Sm on thermoelectric properties of these compounds were investigated. With the increase of Sm filling fraction （y）, electrical conductivity decreased, Seebeck coefficient increased and had a maximum value when y was 0.38; thermal conductivity reduced and had a minimum value when y was 0. 32. At 750 K, the highest figure of merit of 0.68 was obtained for Sm0.32Fe1.47Co2.53Sb12.     

Synthesis and characterization of yttrium and antimony codoped SnO₂ conductive nanoparticles

Y was used as a dopant in preparing conductive powder to improve its performance. Y and Sb co-doped SnO2 conductive nanoparticles were prepared by the complexation-coprecipitation method with Sn,Sb2O3 and Y2O3 as the raw materials. Crystal phase,thermal behavior and structure of the prepared conductive nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) ,thermal analysis(TG-DSC) ,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) techniques,respectively. The Y and Sb co-doped SnO2 conductive nanoparticles with a structure of tetragonal rutile had intense absorption in 4000-2500 cm-1,and the diameter ranged from 10 to 30 nm. The resistivity of Y and Sb co-doped SnO2 conductive nanoparticles was as low as 0.09 Ω·cm which was 4.6 times lower than that of Sb doped SnO2 conductive nanoparticles.     

Thermoelectric Properties of CexCo4Sb12 Prepared by MA-SPS

Starting with elementary powders, thermoelectric materials CexCo4Sb12 were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (MA-SPS). XRD analyses reveal that the expected major phase, named skutterudite was formed in MA process and was kept after SPS. The thermoelectric properties of MA-SPS samples including resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, power factor, thermal conductivity and the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) were studied by varying Ce content and temperature. Depending on Ce levels, both P and N types of thermoelectric semiconductors were obtained. MA-SPS sintered Ce1.0Co4Sb12 exhibits the highest ZT in the range of 100-500℃ and the maximum ZT is found at x=1.0 and 400℃.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定煤飞灰中14种金属元素

使用HNO₃-HF混合酸体系微波消解煤飞灰样品,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定煤飞灰中14种痕量元素含量的分析方法。样品微波消解的程序为:0.2 g样品中加入10 mL HNO₃和5 mL HF,5 min加热到110 ℃保持5 min、5 min升温到150 ℃保持5 min、5 min升至190 ℃恒温30 min。实验对较高浓度元素Be、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sn、V和Zn采取稀释10倍、降低总溶解性固体(TDS)含量后以外标法进行测定,Cd、Sb、Tl等低含量元素则采用标准加入法以消除基体干扰;方法检出限为0.001~0.04 mg/kg。将实验方法应用于煤飞灰标准物质SRM 1633c中11种金属元素(Be、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sb、V、Zn)的测定,结果与认定值基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.3%~3.6%,加标回收率在83%~112%之间。采用实验方法测定煤飞灰实际样品的结果与12个实验室采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)、ICP-MS、原子吸收光谱法(AAS)、X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)和滴定法等其他方法测得结果的平均值对比,经t检验统计表明无显著性差异。     

Synthesis, Structure and Bonding Feature of New Metallic Zintl Phases RE 3Cu 3Sb 4(RE=Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy, Ho)

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Effect of gadolinium incorporation on optical characteristics of YNbO_4：Eu~（3＋） phosphors for lamp applications

Eu3+-doped (Y,Gd)NbO4 phosphor was synthesized by solid-state reaction for possible application in cold cathode fluorescent lamps. A broad absorption band with peak maximum at 272 nm was observed which was due to the charge transfer between Eu3+ ions and neighboring oxygen anions. A deep red emission at the peak wavelength of 612 nm was observed which could be attributed to the 5D0→7F2 transition in Eu3+ ions. The highest luminance for Y1-x-yGdyNbO4:Eux3+ under 254 nm excitation was achieved at Eu3+ concentration of 18 mol.% (x=0.18) and Gd3+ concentration of 8.2 mol.% (y=0.082). The luminance of Y0.738Gd0.082NbO4:Eu3+0.18 was higher than that of a typical commercial phosphor Y2O3:Eu3+ and the CIE chromaticity coordinate was (0.6490, 0.3506), which was deeper than that of Y2O3:Eu3+. The particle size of the synthesized phosphors was controlled by the NaCl flux and particle size as high as 8 μm with uniform size distribution of particles was obtained.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定电解金属锰中痕量元素

电解金属锰样品用HNO3+HCl经微波消解后,直接用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）同时测定了试液中Na、Mg、Ti、V、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Mo、Cd、Sb、Pb等13种痕量元素。通过优化仪器工作参数、选择适宜待测元素的同位素以及选用干扰元素校正方程克服了质谱干扰,使用内标元素消除了基体干扰。结果表明,Mg、V、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Mo、Cd、Sb、Pb等11种痕量元素的检出限在0.001～0.086 μg/L之间,Na和Ti元素的检出限在0.16～0.19 μg/L之间。将本方法用于测定电解锰样品,加标回收率在95%～106%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于3.5%。方法与其它分析方法对照,结果一致。     

Synthesis and characterization of yttrium and antimony codoped SnO2 conductive nanoparticles

Y was used as a dopant in preparing conductive powder to improve its performance. Y and Sb co-doped SnO₂ conductive nanoparticles were prepared by the complexation-coprecipitation method with Sn, Sb₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ as the raw materials. Crystal phase, thermal behavior and structure of the prepared conductive nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG-DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, respectively. The Y and Sb co-doped SnO₂ conductive nanoparticles with a structure of tetragonal rutile had intense absorption in 4000-2500 cm^?1, and the diameter ranged from 10 to 30 nm. The resistivity of Y and Sb co-doped SnO₂ conductive nanoparticles was as low as 0.09 Ω·cm which was 4.6 times lower than that of Sb doped SnO₂ conductive nanoparticles.     

放电等离子体烧结工艺对La_(0.7)Fe_3CoSb_(10)材料相对密度的影响

用熔炼-退火-放电等离子体烧结法(SPS)制备了晶粒尺寸均匀的La0.7Fe3CoSb10材料.采用扫描电镜,研究了SPS工艺,包括粉末粒度、烧结温度及烧结时间对该材料相对密度的影响.结果表明:烧结试样的相对密度随烧结时间的延长和温度的升高而增高;通过控制退火温度可有效地控制材料最终的晶粒尺寸.     

退火对CoSb3块体热电性能的影响

采用烧结和退火工艺制备了CoSb3块体热电材料，并探讨了退火对热电性能的影响。用X射线衍射分析了样品的相组成，用电常数测试仪和激光热导仪测试了样品的热电性能。结果表明，退火前后样品具有相同的相组成，其电阻率随着温度的升高而降低，具有典型的半导体电学特征；在相同温度下退火样品的ZT值低于或近似于未退火的样品，因此退火对于提高和改善CoSb3块体材料的热电性能没有明显作用。     

胶西北前孙家—洼孙家断裂带构造地球化学找矿预测

马虎沟测区位于灵北断裂带下盘,区内主干断裂为前孙家—洼孙家断裂,发育似斑状郭家岭型花岗闪长岩和玲珑型片麻状黑云母花岗岩。本次地表构造地球化学测量范围约15 km2,采集构造地球化学样品共858件,测试元素包括Au、Ni、Pb、Co、Mo、Sn、Zn、Ti、Cr、As、Sb、Hg、Ag、Cu、Ba、Bi、B、Mn、V等19种。Au元素异常沿前孙家—洼孙家断裂带及次级断裂分布特征明显。分形分维统计表明,Au具有多阶段成矿的特征。结合多元统计分析,厘定本测区构造地球化学异常找矿标志为Au-Pb-Bi元素组合异常及因子得分Y(i,2)和Y(i,3)异常。结合地质分析,圈定找矿靶区5处。     

Enhancement of Thermoelectric Behavior of La0.5Co4Sb12−x Te x Skutterudite Materials

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - In this work, the effects of Te doping on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of the partially filled skutterudite La0.5Co4Sb12 compounds...     

A thermodynamic model of nickel smelting and direct high-grade nickel matte smelting processes: Part II. distribution behaviors of Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, As, Sb, and Bi

A thermodynamic model has been developed to predict the distribution behavior of Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, S, As, Sb, and Bi in nickel smelting and direct high-grade nickel matte smelting processes. The model has been validated by numerous experimental data and industrial data with a wide range of operating conditions. The effect of operating conditions on the distributions of Ni, Cu, Co, As, Sb, and Bi among the gas, matte, and slag phases has been investigated. It was found that the distribution behavior of Ni, Co, Cu, As, Sb, and Bi in the nickel smelting furnace depends on process parameters such as the smelting temperature, matte grade, oxygen enrichment, Fe/SiO₂ ratio in the slag, Cu/Ni ratio in charge, and oil/air ratio. The parameters also have an influence on the behavior of Fe₃O₄ in the slag.     

PbS-Sb2S3-FeS三元系在水蒸气气氛下的铅锑分离

在1073K下通过测定三硫化锑和硫化铅的挥发速度,研究了PbS-Sb_2S_3-FeS三元系在水蒸气气氛下的铅锑分离规律。X-射线衍射结果表明,焙砂由PbS、Fe_3O_4、FePb_4Sb_6S_(14)、Pb_5Sb_4S_(11)和FeSb_2O_4组成。当试样中FeS含量在5％～7％时,铅锑分离效果最好。当试样中FeS的含量≥10％时,铅锑分离效果较差,这时过量的FeS会与Sb_2S_3和PbS形成复杂的硫化物(FePb_4Sb_6S_(14)、Pb_5Sb_4S_(11))或被氧化成F4Sb_2O_4,使锑的挥发变得困难,导致残留在焙砂中的锑含量升高。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定钢铁中15种痕量元素

以HNO3消解样品后,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定钢铁中As,Pb,Sn,Sb,Zr,Bi,Zn,Cu,Co,Ni,Cr,Mo,V,Ti,Als共15种痕量元素。考察了待测元素的质谱干扰情况,通过优选高丰度并且受到干扰影响程度较小的分析同位素,克服了基体铁的同量异位素及其与ICP中Ar、O、H等结合所产生的多原子离子的质谱干扰。方法以Rh作为内标元素进行内标校正,明显改善长时间连续测定钢铁样品的稳定性,提高测定结果的精密度,有效消除铁基体等产生的基体效应和对接口锥变化的影响。各元素的检出限在0.03～1.95 μg/L范围。方法用于测定钢铁中上述痕量元素的相对标准偏差(RSD),除Zr外,其他元素在2.1%~5.2%(长时测定),对有证参考物质分析,分析值与认定值一致。     

EFFECT OF CERTAIN SURFACTANTS ON Co CEMENTATION USING Zn DUST IN THE PRESENCE OF BOTH Cu AND Sb

Abstract

The effect of surfactants nonylphenolpolyethylene glycol (D1), dinaphthylmethane-4,4′- disulphonic acid (D2) and polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight 400 (D3) added separately or as a mixture (D1+D2+D3) on Co-Zn dust cementation kinetics and morphology of obtained deposits was investigated in the presence of both Cu and Sb. The rate constant obtained in the presence of Cu and Sb was 3 to 5 times lower than that found in the presence of Cu and up to 3 times higher than that in the presence of Sb. This indicates a high inhibition effect of Sb on Co cementation. D1, D3 and D1+D2+D3 inhibit Co and Sb cementation. The highest effect was obtained in presence of D1. A decrease in the Sb concentration from 200 to 35 mg dm-3 at a constant Cu concentration increased Co cementation rate by up to 3 times despite the presence of D1+D2+D3. An increase of Sb concentration substantially decreased the crystallite size and deposit porosity.

On a investigué l’effet des agents surfactants nonylphénolpolyéthylène de glycol (D1), acide bisulfonique binaphthylméthane-4,4′ (D2) et glycol polyéthylénique avec poids moléculaire de 400 (D3), ajoutés séparément ou en un mélange (D1+D2+D3), sur la cinétique de cémentation de la poussière de Co-Zn et sur la morphologie des dépôts obtenus, tant en présence de Cu que de Sb. La constante cinétique obtenue en présence de Cu et de Sb était 3 à 5 fois plus basse que celle trouvée en présence de Cu et jusqu’à 3 fois plus élevée que celle en présence de Sb. Ceci indique un effet important d’inhibition du Sb sur la cémentation du Co. D1, D3 et D1+D2+D3 inhibent la cémentation du Co et du Sb. On a obtenu l’effet le plus important en présence de D1. Une diminution de la concentration de Sb de 200 à 35 mg dm-3 à une concentration constante de Cu augmentait le taux de cémentation du Co jusqu’à 3 fois en dépit de la présence de D1+D2+D3. Une augmentation de la concentration de Sb diminuait substantiellement la taille de cristallite et la porosité du dépôt.