浅谈粮库粮食出入仓工艺及设备

粮库在进行正常的轮换过程中,出入仓是必不可少的流通环节,为了便于在作业过程中进行合理的设备摆布和减少的利用设备台数,有效提高设备的利用率,使工艺流程的优越性最大化,能源利用最小化,根据多年来在粮库实际工作中的经验,现对粮库粮食出入仓工艺及所使用的设备进行简要叙述,以便能为广大的仓储工作者提供帮助。由于我国目前用于储备的仓房一改房式仓一统天下的格局,仓房的类型开始趋于多样化,而且平房仓也在向“高”、“大”方面发展。所以下面针对浅圆仓和高大平房仓两种仓型进行介绍。一、粮食出入仓工艺流程(一)入仓工艺流程1、浅圆…     

基于PyroSim的粮食储备库火灾仿真模拟分析（网络首发、推荐阅读）

为研究粮食储备库发生火灾后对作业人员的影响,应用PyroSim软件对粮食储备库进行火灾模拟。选取应用较为广泛的平房仓为研究对象建立物理模型,针对磷化氢熏蒸口引起的火灾场景,分析火灾烟气发展和温度分布情况,并提出预防措施。结果表明：烟气形成阶段和向上发展阶段为灭火和作业人员疏散的最佳时期,此时烟气尚未弥漫至整个仓房;烟气在顶部扩散时作业人员应马上撤离;烟气充满仓房时作业人员严禁进入仓内;10~100 s之间是火灾发生和发展阶段,1.5 m以下范围仓房温度未达到人员极限忍受范围;100 s到10 min由于燃烧物充分燃烧,温度不断升高,作业人员面临烧伤风险。     

平房仓粮食自动进出系统设计

为了满足平房仓粮食进出仓作业的需要,针对当前的进出仓设备占地大、辅助工作量大以及无法集中自动控制等缺点,研究设计了一种全新的能固定安装在平房仓内的自动控制粮食进出仓设备系统,该系统具有仓容利用率高、作业效率高、劳动强度低、综合成本低等突出优点.     

浅圆仓储粮过程中应注意的几个问题

浅圆仓作为一种新仓型,较原有仓型有诸多方面的优势,是我国粮仓建设史上的一次飞跃.首次将仓房建筑设计与粮食储藏工艺相互紧密结合,在一定程度上改变了以往建仓与储粮仓储管理相脱节的弊端;大量引入先进的机械、电气设备,提高了新仓进出粮的机械化程度,缩短了出入仓时间,降低了劳动强度和出入仓成本.     

粮食储藏横向通风技术研究

<正>目前,我国粮食储备的主要仓库类型是平房仓,这是由中国粮食储存量大、储存期长决定的。但是,仓库的机械化程度低,进出仓库的操作不方便。为满足储粮通风要求,采用横向通风技术,可减少拆卸地上笼的劳动力、改善粮食进出仓库的环境、提高运营效率。一、横向通风技术概述平房仓横向通风技术原理。在仓房两侧檐墙设置通风管     

平房仓保温隔热性能分析及改善

低温储粮的关键是仓房的保温隔热条件,仓房保温隔热条件的优劣直接影响低温储粮的效果。所以低温储粮的先决条件,是仓房要具有良好的保温隔热性能。本文以我国海南某地区的平房仓为例对粮仓的保温隔热结构进行分析,探讨控制仓内上部粮堆和仓壁四周的温度和湿度,以提高粮食储藏的稳定性。     

一种用于筒式仓顶部的检查孔

针对筒式仓上的粮情检查孔在结构设计、盖板开启和孔洞隔热及密闭等方面存在的不足,提出一种经优化的筒式仓顶部检查孔,希望能为仓储人员进出筒式仓作业提供方便。     

多功能仓储杀虫机实验情况介绍

20 0 2年 7月 11日至 8月 5日 ,受黑龙江金泰投资有限公司的委托 ,成都粮食科研所在我市的黄许国家粮食储备库和罗江国家粮食储备库进行了多功能物理杀虫机 (以下简称杀虫机 )的实仓应用 ,取得了一些数据 ,其实验情况如下 :1　试验仓库情况该试验分别在黄许国家粮食储备库 4 2号仓和罗江国家粮食储备库 14号仓 ,两仓的具体情况如表1所示。表 1　试验仓基本情况试验地点罗江国家粮食储备库黄许国家粮食储备库仓　　房 14号仓 42号仓仓房结构细石砖混高大平房仓砖混仓房长宽高 (m) 5 4× 2 4× 7.8约 2 5× 16× 5粮　　食储粮品种小麦稻谷数…     

四种不同仓型的建仓指标对比分析

粮食仓房建设是影响粮食安全储藏的重要因素,从装粮高度、吨粮占地面积、仓储区占地面积、吨粮造价指标4方面,以5万t仓容（小麦计）为例,分别布置平房仓、浅圆仓、楼房仓、混合筒仓4种仓型方案,对比分析不同仓型特点,为建设、使用选择最适仓型提供数据基础。     

粮仓挡粮门的设计及改进

挡粮门是粮食进出仓房的主要通道,简述了挡粮门的演变,分析了现有普通挡粮门的结构特点及使用过程中存在的不足,以及几种改进方式与使用特点,最后系统总结了挡粮门设计时的要求及注意事项,以期为仓储企业新建仓门的选用提供一定的参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the