季戊四醇复合酯热氧化行为及氧化动力学研究

将高温氧化、高压示差扫描量热法测试及氧化动力学分析相结合,研究了季戊四醇复合酯经历不同条件恒温氧化后黏度、黏度指数和酸值的变化,并通过计算实验前后试样的起始氧化温度和活化能,得出热氧化行为对油品后续抗氧化性能的影响。实验结果表明,油品黏度与酸值的变化规律可用Logistic函数拟合,且拟合参数与温度密切相关,可用于评估油品的后续氧化行为;黏度与酸值具有较强的相关性,以黏度为x轴、酸值为y轴呈对数函数分布;季戊四醇复合酯经历实验范围内的氧化后,起始氧化温度和活化能均未发生显著变化,仍具备优异的氧化安定性。     

几种加氢润滑油基础油性质和组成的研究

通过对9种加氢润滑油基础油的主要性质及组成进行分析,并采用n-d-M法计算其结构族组成参数,依据其性质与组成的关系,对加氢润滑油基础油的密度、折射率、平均相对分子质量与结构组成以及烃类组成进行关联,同时对加氢润滑油基础油中的链烷烃、环烷烃含量与黏度指数、氧化安定性进行关联。结果表明：9种加氢润滑油基础油的密度与总环数和芳环数具有正相关性;折射率与结构组成参数（芳碳率、烷基碳率）具有近似的正相关性,而与烷基碳率具有负相关性;平均相对分子质量与芳烃、环烷烃含量呈正相关性,而与链烷烃含量则呈负相关性;链烷烃含量与氧化安定性、黏度指数也具有正相关性,但环烷烃含量与氧化安定性、黏度指数则呈现负相关性。     

矿物基础油对锂基润滑脂流变性的影响

选用不同类型与黏度的11种矿物基础油,以锂基润滑脂为对象,系统研究基础油对流变性的影响,并基于烃类分子水平进行深入探讨。结果表明,同皂量下,线性黏弹区内润滑脂的表观黏度与基础油高度相关,关键决定因素是基础油的倾点,其次是黏度。随链烷烃含量增加,基础油倾点升高,润滑脂的表观黏度随之增大;而芳烃影响则相对复杂,其含量增加时,在降低油品倾点的同时,却增大了黏度,两者的综合作用决定着润滑脂的表观黏度,一般黏度占主导地位。     

温度对聚α-烯烃和双酯理化性能的影响

高温氧化安定性是航空发动机润滑油的关键性能。借助高压釜模拟了航空发动机润滑油的氧化条件,分别考察了双酯和聚α-烯烃高温氧化后运动黏度,酸值和倾点的变化情况。考察结果表明,随着温度的升高,双酯酸值的变化明显高于聚α-烯烃,而聚α-烯烃的运动黏度的下降幅度则大于双酯,且倾点也显著提高。高温对聚α-烯烃的运动黏度的衰变影响较大。     

异构降凝反应产物低温性能的研究

考察了同种原料在异构降凝工艺条件下生产的润滑油基础油倾点与组成、黏度指数、黏度、低温动力黏度之间的关系,结果表明,润滑油基础油倾点主要和多环环烷烃含量、平均链烷碳数的C*,异构烷碳与正构烷碳的比值IP/NP有关,结合倾点与烃类组成的关系式、黏度指数与烃类组成的关系式,发现倾点与黏度指数具有一定的线性正相关关系,与黏度和低温动力黏度均为线性负相关关系。从异构降凝反应的角度提出适当提高基础油倾点有利于改善基础油黏度指数和低温动力黏度。     

润滑油氧化安定性评价方法的相关性研究

文章以TSA68汽轮机油和HM32液压油为研究对象,通过对油品进行D943试验模拟氧化,在氧化过程中定期取样除测定酸值外,同时进行PDSC氧化诱导期和RULER主要抗氧剂相对含量测定,对测定的结果进行相关性考察后,发现D943运行时间和期间所取油样酸值相关性弱,但和一定试验条件下的PDSC消耗氧化诱导时间以及RULER主要抗氧剂相对含量存有一定的相关性。     

金属对酯类航空润滑油高温氧化作用影响研究

酯类油是被广泛应用的航空润滑油基础油,以50-1-4Ф航空润滑油为试验对象,用高温反应釜模拟航空润滑油高温氧化过程,以铜片和铁片作为催化剂,通过分析试验前后油样黏度、酸值、倾点变化,研究金属对酯类航空润滑油高温氧化作用的影响。结果表明,金属Fe和Cu具有明显的催化作用,使得试验油样黏度、酸值、倾点变化更加剧烈;铁片对酯类航空润滑油的催化作用强于铜片,且铁片、铜片共存时催化效果更加强烈;增加金属片的数量,对试验油样的黏度、酸值、倾点影响不大。     

环烷基基础油和石蜡基基础油混合中的自降凝现象研究

针对润滑油基础油混合中出现的自降凝现象,即混合油品倾点低于两种组分油品各自倾点的现象,将不同环烷基基础油和石蜡基基础油调合,测定其低温性能,并结合油品理化性质进行分析,提出自降凝现象的作用机理。结果表明：自降凝现象在环烷基原油精制油品与石蜡基原油精制油品间混兑时比较明显;两种油品混合时,自降凝现象的明显程度取决于基础油类型、两种油品间的倾点差距及运动黏度（100 ℃）差距,3种因素对自降凝的影响依次减弱。两种油品的凝固方式差别越大、倾点越接近、运动黏度（100 ℃）越接近,则自降凝现象越明显。KN4010为环烷基基础油,HVIP8为石蜡基基础油,两者倾点都是-24 ℃,运动黏度（100 ℃）接近,其混合油品的倾点可以降低到-42 ℃。     

可生物降解液压油与普通油品相容性研究

<正>本文开展了无灰型可生物降解液压油与L-HM 46抗磨液压油、L-HM 46无灰抗磨液压油及CH-4 15W-40柴油机油的相容性研究。将可生物降解液压油分别与3种油品按不同比例混溶,考察混溶后油品的运动黏度、黏度指数、倾点、外观及空气释放性等性能变化。试验结果表明,L-HM 46无灰抗磨液压油与可生物降解液压油的相容性最好,L-HM 46抗磨液压油次之,CH-415W-40柴油机油最差。     

某型号航空润滑油金属催化高温氧化黏温规律的分析北大核心CSCD

对某型号的航空润滑油经金属催化高温氧化后,温度对黏度的影响规律进行了分析,测定了油样在不同温度下的运动黏度,采用Andreda,Walther,Vogel方程对不同温度下的运动黏度进行了线性拟合分析,并对高温条件下油品黏度衰变的机理进行了探究。实验结果表明,Walther方程拟合的效果最佳,运动黏度预测值与实测值之间的相关系数高达0.984 2。在金属的催化作用下,金属表面吸附了大量高温氧化产生的自由基,增大了有效碰撞的概率,进而加速了油品的氧化,生成了烷烃、烯烃以及醛、酯等小分子类物质,使油品的运动黏度发生衰变。     

国产与进口聚α-烯烃润滑油性能对比

以国产低黏度聚α-烯烃润滑油为研究对象,通过黏度、酸值、倾点等指标,结合差示扫描量热(DSC)技术,考察其理化性能品质,并与同规格进口产品相比较,分析二者在润滑性、腐蚀性、热氧化安定性等方面的差异。结果表明:国产聚α-烯烃润滑油的酸值和倾点受温度影响较小,而黏度受温度的影响较大,随着反应温度的升高,运动黏度逐渐降低,且进口产品的变化幅度明显大于国产产品;国产与进口聚α-烯烃润滑油基础油的热氧化安定性相差不大,对抗氧剂的感受性也差别不大,在较高的温度下,胺型抗氧剂的抗氧化性能均优于酚型抗氧剂。     

ARAB LIGHT CRUDE STUDY FOCUSES ON KINEMATIC VISCOSITY

Arab light crude oil has been characterized in terms of API gravity, total sulfur content, Reid vapor pressure, ash content, heating value, salt content, viscosity SUS, vanadium content as V₂O₅, pour point and analyses of various metals. The crude oil was fractionated into six true boiling point (TBP) fractions (IBP-95°C, 95-205°C, 205-260°C, 260-345°C, 345-455°C and 455°C+). These fractions were characterized in terms of API gravity, total sulfur, H₂S, mercaptan contents, molecular weight, elemental analyses for total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, and analyses of various metals. The kinematic viscosity data have been obtained for 95°C+ TBP fractions for a wide range of temperature up to 200°C.     

颗粒污染物对变压器油理化性能的影响

变压器油中存在颗粒污染物极易使油液劣化,影响设备的安全运行,从实验角度探讨了颗粒污染物对油液性能的影响规律。根据均匀设计法,配制了不同颗粒含量、不同污染度的含Cu、Fe颗粒油样和含Cu、Fe、SiO2颗粒的油样各24个,测试了油样的40℃运动黏度、击穿电压以及热氧化实验前后酸值,并比较了含和不含SiO2颗粒油样的这些理化性能变化的差别。结果表明,颗粒污染度对油液理化性能的影响较大。随着污染度的增加,含Cu、Fe、SiO2 3种颗粒油样的运动黏度呈下降趋势,其变化幅度为096 mm2/s;击穿电压呈下降趋势,其变化幅度为254 kV;油液热氧化后酸值升高,变化幅度为0073 mgKOH/g。含SiO2颗粒的油样的击穿电压和酸值的变化趋势与不含SiO2颗粒的油样的基本一致,含有SiO2颗粒的油样的击穿电压比不含SiO2颗粒的油样击穿电压要大,SiO2颗粒对油液热氧化前后酸值的影响不大。     

超临界萃取技术在光亮油提质中的应用研究

以丙烷为溶剂,在超临界条件下对光亮油萃取改质工艺进行试验研究,探索萃取条件与产品质量之间的关系。试验结果表明：在适宜条件下萃取油收率（w,下同）可达到90%以上,并可依据需求进行收率调节;相对于原料光亮油,萃取油颜色明显改善,氧化安定性改善,酸值降低,黏度指数提高;收率为30%的萃取油黏度指数提高显著,黏度（100 ℃）为17.23 mm2/s,黏度指数达105;收率为90%的萃取油经过络合-吸附精制工艺处理后,黏度、氧化安定性和倾点满足中国石化HVI Ⅰa 120BS光亮油指标要求。同时,该萃取改质新工艺对光亮油这类高沸点润滑油基础油,可达到其他常规分离手段难以达到的细分目标,对拓展下游润滑油调配需求具有较大的实用价值。     

化学改性餐饮废油制备双酯衍生物作为矿物基润滑油基础油的替代品

In order to provide a new way for waste cooking oil(WCO) resource utilization, several diester derivatives were obtained from WCO through a three-step chemical modifications, viz.: transesterification, epoxidation and oxirane ring opening with carboxylic acids. The effects of the chain length of side chain groups on the viscosity, acid value, low temperature fluidity, thermo-oxidative stability, tribological properties and surface tension of diester derivatives were investigated. The results showed that increasing the chain length of side chain groups had a positive influence on the viscosity, viscosity index, acid value, pour point, friction coefficient and wear scar diameter along with a negative influence on the oxidation onset temperature, volatile loss, insoluble deposit, maximum non-seizure load and surface tension. These diester derivatives exhibited improved physicochemical and tribological properties that make themselves promising environmentally friendly biolubricant basestocks.     

聚醚酰胺的合成及其对原油流动性的影响

以聚醚酰胺和脂肪酸为原料合成了系列脂肪酸聚醚酰胺降凝剂,利用FTIR、黏度测试、界面张力测试等方法考察了降凝剂对不同原油流动性的影响.实验结果表明,该系列降凝剂具有较好的表面活性和界面活性.随碳数的增加,饱和脂肪酸聚醚酰胺降凝剂降低表面张力的能力增强.加入0.3％(w)和0.9％(w)的棕榈酸聚醚酰胺降凝剂时,风城原油...     

L-DAH46螺杆式空压机油的研制

采用加氢矿物基础油和聚醚油做基础油,精心筛选合适的复合添加剂,并补加适量的抗氧剂、抗磨剂研制而成L-DAH46螺杆式空压机油。经实验室各项理化性能评定,油品具有较低的倾点,较高的黏度指数,高的闪点,良好的抗泡性和抗乳化性等。相比传统的矿物基空压机油,具有优异的抗氧化性和抗磨性,高温长时间使用油品不变黑,氧化后酸值变化小,无积炭等优点,可大大延长油品的使用寿命。通过6000 h的使用试验表明,油品各性能指标保持良好,未达到换油指标要求,对压缩机的摩擦部件保护良好。     

The Formation of Waxy Crude Oil-in-water Emulsions for the Reduction of Pour Point and Viscosity

Waxy crude oil is characterized by high pour point and poor flow properties, which bring great difficulty to the oil exploitation and transportation. In this study, the fluidity of waxy crude oil with the pour point of 47°C was highly improved by emulsification with synthetic formation water used as aqueous phase. It was found that the combination of CAO-35 and sodium oleate was an effective emulsifier mixture to form stable waxy crude oil-in-water emulsion and when the mass ratio of oil to water was 7:3, the optimum composition of emulsifying additives with respect to the total mass of the emulsion was obtained as follows: emulsifier mixture (the mass ratio of CAO-35 to sodium oleate was 8:2) 0.4% (w/w), sodium triphosphate 0.028% (w/w), NaOH 0.05% (w/w), and polyacrylamide 0.15% (w/w). Diverse factors affecting the pour point of the formed emulsion were also studied. It was found that the pour point of emulsion increased as oil content increased and the optimum mixing speed and cooling rate were 600 rpm and 0.5°C/min, respectively. Under the optimum emulsifying conditions, when mixing speeds were 250 and 600 rpm, respectively, by forming O/W emulsions with the oil content of 70%, the pour point reductions were 20 and 25°C, respectively, and the corresponding viscosity reductions were 89.79% and 97.46% (40°C), respectively. Thus the pour point and viscosity of waxy crude oil are obviously reduced by forming oil-in-water emulsion, which is highly promising for the exploitation and transportation of waxy crude oil.     

西江蜡油全氢法生产API Ⅱ~+类基础油先导试验

以中海油西江原油减三线蜡油和减四线蜡油为原料,采用全氢法高压加氢工艺及配套催化剂,在模拟工业装置上进行了制备APIⅡ~+类润滑油基础油的先导性试验。结果表明:采用全氢工艺可以生产符合APIⅡ~+4cSt和APIⅡ~+8cSt指标的润滑油基础油,黏度指数达到118以上,浊点-10℃以下,倾点-28℃以下,是优异的内燃机油和工业油调合组分;加氢裂化、异构脱蜡的反应温度对产品收率、运动黏度、黏度指数、倾点、浊点等性能影响较大;在适当反应温度下,减三线蜡油的4cSt产品收率约64%,减四线蜡油的8cSt产品收率约54%。     

Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) as wax inhibitor of a Brazilian crude oil: oil viscosity, pour point and phase behavior of organic solutions

Several techniques have been used to minimize the problems caused by the wax deposition, and the continuous addition of polymeric inhibitors is considered an attractive technological alternative. The addition of copolymers like polyacrylates, polymethacrylates or poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) permit to inhibit the deposition phenomenon; nonetheless, this effect is specific, i.e. similar copolymers present different performance depending on their physical–chemical properties in solution. In this work, the influence of the EVA vinyl acetate content on the viscosity and the pour point of a Brazilian crude oil were evaluated. A correlation between both results was also obtained. The phase behavior and the solubility parameter of EVA copolymers, with different vinyl acetate contents, were investigated in various solvents together with an evaluation of the efficiency of these copolymers as pour point depressants for two different samples of crude oil. EVA copolymers containing 20, 30, 40 and 80 wt.% of vinyl acetate were used and tests with the crude oil were carried out using 50, 500, 1000 and 5000 ppm of EVA as additive. The results obtained from viscosity measurements showed that only below the temperature at which wax crystals start forming did the copolymer exhibit a strong influence in the reduction of oil viscosity, at an optimum concentration. The pour point results revealed EVA 30 to be the most efficient. The results obtained from both experiments showed that the viscosity and the pour point behaviors do not show good correlation. Not only the solubility parameter and the vinyl acetate content, but also the molecular weight and polydispersity have an important influence on both phase behavior and pour point depression. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the additive must present a reduced solubility at a temperature close to the crude oil cloud point. This, however, is not the only factor that determines the efficiency of the additive as paraffin/wax deposition inhibitor.