硼对炭材料氧化行为的综合效应

综述了硼在炭材料中的抗氧化机理，并阐述了炭材料在氧化过程中的行为。硼对炭材料的氧化反应具有催化作用和保护作用的双重特征。     

铝硼硅酸盐玻璃纤维结构与耐水动力学

采用红外光谱、示差扫描量热分析等手段研究了氧化硼对铝硼硅酸盐玻璃结构及转变温度的影响，并用粉末法测试了玻璃的耐水性。结果发现，随着氧化硼含量增加，玻璃转变温度先降低后升高。玻璃与水反应初期受硼酸盐的水解动力学控制，后期主要为水分子对硅氧骨架的侵蚀和Ca^2＋与H^＋离子的离子交换过程。分析认为，引入少量的B2O3主要与碱性的CaO结合，生成含有非桥氧的端氧键B-O-Ca，破坏了玻璃网络结构，B2O3过量时，更多的硼酸盐基团与硅酸盐基团结合，生成桥氧键B-O-Si键，增强了玻璃结构。     

铝硼硅酸盐玻璃纤维结构与耐水动力学

采用红外光谱、示差扫描量热分析等手段研究了氧化硼对铝硼硅酸盐玻璃结构及转变温度的影响,并用粉末法测试了玻璃的耐水性。结果发现,随着氧化硼含量增加,玻璃转变温度先降低后升高。玻璃与水反应初期受硼酸盐的水解动力学控制,后期主要为水分子对硅氧骨架的侵蚀和Ca2 与H 离子的离子交换过程。分析认为,引入少量的B2O3主要与碱性的CaO结合,生成含有非桥氧的端氧键B-O-Ca,破坏了玻璃网络结构,B2O3过量时,更多的硼酸盐基团与硅酸盐基团结合,生成桥氧键B-O-Si键,增强了玻璃结构。     

铝炭制品防氧化涂料的作用机理

采用热分析等研究方法，分析了铝炭制品的氧化过程，研究了以阻断铝炭制品与氧气接触来实现防氧化的硼硅酸盐系涂料的高温特性和防氧化机理，以及不同结合剂对涂料与铝炭制品界面行为的影响。     

铝硼硅酸盐硼挥发抑制的初步研究

通过热分析手段研究氧化镧对铝硼硅酸盐玻璃熔制过程中硼挥发量的影响。TG测试结果表明,随着玻璃配合料中氧化镧质量分数的增加,硼挥发量逐渐降低。当La2O3与B2O3摩尔比超过0.2时,这种趋势变化不明显。同时通过XRD分析出了不同热处理机制下,氧化镧和硼酸的混合物的产物在650,℃时,除了La2O3和H3BO3之外,还有新相LaBO3生成;800,℃时,产物为La（BO2）3。与碱土金属硼酸盐相比,La（BO2）3和LaBO3具有更低的饱和蒸汽压,这是硼的挥发量降低的根本原因。     

硼原料对棕色硼硅酸盐玻璃性能的影响

研究了不同硼引入原料对棕色硼硅酸盐玻璃性能的影响,得出引入不同硼原料的玻璃,硼挥发量的实际排序;基于玻璃实际硼含量的差异,找出了氧化硼含量变化对玻璃光学透过率、玻璃高温黏度、玻璃膨胀系数性能指标影响的变化规律。     

炭／炭硬化保温材料的表面涂层及抗氧化性能研究

研究了炭／炭硬化保温材料的两种表面涂层方法。对封孔后的低密度材料进行SEM分析,对硅粉涂层与炭界面进行EDS和XRD分析,然后,（360±10）℃气中进行氧化烧蚀试验。结果表明：封孔石墨颗粒大小对低密度炭／炭保温材料的封孔效果有很大的关系,TC-200涂层效果致密效果好;硅粉涂层与炭本体界面在1600℃后形成碳化硅致密层,对低密度材料起到很好的防护作用。     

硼硅酸盐浮法玻璃平衡厚度和抛光时间的研究

通过自制锡槽模拟硼硅酸盐浮法玻璃在不同温度下的抛光过程,测量静置平衡厚度的变化,用原子力显微镜(AFM)研究1250℃时抛光效果随时间的变化规律。结果表明,硼硅酸盐浮法玻璃的平衡厚度比钠钙硅浮法玻璃的平衡厚度大,并且平衡厚度随着温度的升高而减小,1250℃时的平衡厚度大约为7.11mm,1200℃时的平衡厚度大约为7.36mm。硼硅酸盐玻璃1250℃时在锡液上停留3min就能达到理想的抛光效果。     

浮法硼硅酸盐玻璃下表面渗锡的研究

根据实验样品的成分,制定一定的浮法成型的温度制度,采用自制小型石墨锡槽,模拟硼硅酸盐玻璃的浮法成型过程,用电子探针结合能谱仪,测试浮法硼硅酸盐玻璃在1250~650℃温度范围内不同温度段下表面渗锡的分布情况,研究硼硅酸盐玻璃不同于传统钠钙硅浮法玻璃的渗锡特点。研究结果表明,在特定的浮法工艺制度下,硼硅酸盐玻璃渗锡的深度达到40μm左右,并且高温段锡离子以纵向深度扩散为主,低温下锡离子主要在玻璃的近表面富集。在浮法成型的过程中,渗锡的分布曲线上会出现卫星峰,但是最终在出锡槽的温度下渗锡曲线是单调递减的。     

锂辉石在低硼硅医药玻璃中的应用研究

以锂辉石中的氧化锂等质量替代低硼硅医药玻璃(简称7.0医药玻璃)化学组成中的氧化钠、氧化钾和氧化硼,研究了氧化锂对7.0医药玻璃高温黏度特性、低温黏度特性、工艺性能的影响。研究结果表明,锂辉石可降低玻璃熔化温度(Tm)17～34℃、玻璃火焰加工温度(T3)20～35℃、玻璃应变点温度(Tst)30～76℃;另外,玻璃拉管成形温度范围(△T)提高到426～445℃,可促进玻璃成形精度提高,因此,锂辉石可促进低硼硅医药玻璃的节能减排。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。