齿轮接触斑点测量仪光学机械系统的设计分析

介绍１种新近开发的齿轮接触测量仪，该仪器利用先进的ＣＣＤ光电接收器件作测量传感器，并利用ＩＢＭＰＣ／ＸＴ计算机作数据和图象处理，使齿轮接触斑点的测量从测量精度和效率方面都比传统的目视观察，手工描绘提高一大步，本文着重讨论仪器光学机械系统的原理结构。     

齿轮副接触斑点的高准确度测量

本文介绍一种用８０９８单片机进行数据采集和处理、ＩＢＭＰＣ机进行图形处理的齿轮副接触斑点高准确度测量方法。给出了系统的测量原理、组成、接口采集电路和对一个齿轮的测量结果。     

斜齿轮接触线和螺旋角的测量(介绍一种简便的测量装置和测量方法)

斜齿轮的接触线和螺旋角在配对齿轮传动中起着重要作用。虽然在20年前我国已有部颂标准规定,但可供实用的测量装置和测量方法不多。本文介绍一种简便的测量装置和测量方法,对齿轮接触线方面的研究和应用是有一定的参考价值。     

接触状态分析系统在齿轮测量上应用形式初探

接触状态测量分析系统提出于20世纪90年代，它是一个以计算机为主的测量系统，其齿形、齿向测量．主动、从动齿轮数据编辑，拓扑数据计算等均由计算机来完成，该系统在四大虚拟环境(偏差拓扑图、啮合过程图、接触区域图、轮齿单一啮和图)的支撑下，需增加任何啮合测量就可用单项测量结果模拟齿轮副的啮合状态。     

齿轮接触线测量仪的研究

针对齿轮接触线误差测量要求,提出了一种高效齿轮接触线误差测量方案,并进行了测试实验.结果表明,该方案满足齿轮接触线误差测量精度,具有较好的重复性.     

柔性壳体对变速器齿轮副动态啮合特性的影响分析

齿轮副动态啮合特性不仅受齿轮系统本身的影响,还与壳体动态性能密切相关。对变速器壳体模态进行仿真分析和实验测试,采用模态频率误差评价和模态相关分析方法,验证分析了有限元分析模型的有效性。基于多体动力学理论,构建考虑壳体弹性振动特性影响的齿轮系统耦合振动分析模型,对比分析有无柔性壳体状态的齿轮副啮合错位量、接触斑点、传动误差及动态啮合力等动态啮合特性参数。通过接触斑点实验对比分析仿真计算的接触区域,结果表明壳体弹性变形对齿轮副啮合斑点有明显影响。采取提高变速器壳体刚度的技术措施对壳体进行结构优化,优化后的齿轮副动态啮合特性显著改善。     

渐开线齿轮齿厚及公法线测量装置

渐开线齿轮齿厚及公法线测量装置文长明（北钢集团公司昂昂溪机电厂，齐齐哈尔１６１０３１）在齿轮的生产加工过程中，对齿轮的各项参数的测量是一项重要工作。目前，渐开线齿轮的齿厚用齿厚卡尺测量，而渐开线齿轮的公法线（包括长度变动量和平均长度偏差）用公法线卡尺...     

两齿重复啮合的计算

两齿重复啮合的计算蒋军（本钢机电安装公司本溪１１７０２２）在机械设备安装过程中，对齿轮啮合情况的检测是必不可少的，如齿顶间隙、齿侧隙、接触斑点及接触面积等。有时会出现这样的情况，一对齿轮的轮齿Ｍ、ｍ啮合的情况非常好，而当Ｍ与ｍ’轮齿啮合时，啮合情况就...     

基于齿轮修形的混合动力变速箱齿轮啸叫研究

复合行星排结构广泛应用于深度混合动力变速箱作为功率分流装置来耦合电机与内燃机动力。但由于复合行星排结构复杂,更多的齿轮啮合对数,更高的电机输入转速,伴随而来的是更复杂与严重的齿轮啸叫问题。针对某深度混合动力变速箱齿轮啸叫噪声问题,通过整车在最恶劣的工况下测试数据分析及主观评价,识别了对齿轮啸叫噪声贡献最大的激励源,得到了优化噪声目标值,通过齿轮接触斑点试验验证仿真模型的有效性,对齿轮进行微观修形,优化齿轮振动及啸叫噪声品质,使齿轮啸叫声压降至目标值。     

基于机器视觉的齿轮齿廓偏差测量

为了实现对齿轮齿廓偏差的快速非接触测量,提出了一种基于机器视觉的测量方法。首先利用数字图像处理技术对拍摄到的齿轮图像进行高斯滤波、边缘提取、亚像素细分和边缘拟合等处理,得到齿轮的齿廓图像,然后确定齿轮的圆心位置,最后建立齿廓偏差图像法测量的数学模型,并对齿轮的齿廓偏差进行测量和评定。实验结果表明,本方法能够实现对中小模数齿轮齿廓偏差的快速非接触测量。     

A combined surface integral and finite element solution for a three-dimensional contact problem

A method is described to determine contact stresses and deformation using a combination of the finite element method and a surface integral form of the Bousinesq solution. Numerical examples of contacting hypoid gears are presented.     

齿面接触精度分析中的二维数字滤波技术

本文提出了用三座标测量技术测得的齿面误差来分析和评估斜齿轮的接触精度。主要内容包括:应用二维数字信号滤波技术滤去不影响斜齿轮接触精度的波纹(即波峰或波谷的母线平行于接触线的波纹);并用齿面等高图和齿向误差来评估齿轮的接触精度。     

High-Resolution Shaft Speed Measurements Using a Microcomputer

A Motorola 6800 microcomputer has been applied to the measurement of instantaneous angular velocity at one degree intervals on a pair of coupled shafts. Velocity is determined by accurately measuring the time intervals between pulses produced by shaft encoders. Variations in relative velocity can be detected when precision timing is available. Using an essentially software approach time can be measured in 30-?s increments. The number of instructions in the timing loop can be reduced by adding a small amount of hardware to permit parallel data acquisition. Time increments of 12?s were obtained using inputs from two shafts. The results of measurements on a pair of shafts coupled by noncircular gears is included as an example.     

Contact Pattern Analysis: Simulation of a Laser-Assisted Thermographic Approach

The contact pattern, defined as the area where gear teeth come into contact during their meshing, is a crucial quality feature of gears. If the size and location of the contact pattern are wrong, the gear meshing properties can be significantly affected (e.g., lifetime, noise). Despite several disadvantages, the so-called “paste method” is established as a method to analyse contact patterns. Here, a new measuring approach is examined using the Finite Elements Method (FEM). It is based on the heating-up of one tooth flank with a powerful laser, a subsequent partial transfer of the heat to a meshing tooth of the second gear wheel and finally capturing the heat distribution on that flank as an infrared image shortly afterwards. The thermal image should correspond to the contact pattern of that individual combination of teeth. A numerical analysis shows that at medium- and large-sized gears the achievable temperature increase will be high enough to be detected with modern infrared cameras.     

A Noncontacting Magnetic Pickup Probe for Measuring the Pitch of a Precision Solenoid

The magnetic-field gradients produced by a current sequentially activating a few turns of wire of a precision solenoid are used to measure its pitch. The position of the activated portion of wire can be resolved to 0.1 ?m. Preliminary results are found to be in agreement with an earlier measurement using a contacting probe to within the uncertainty of the latter determination. This new technique reduces many of the difficulties associated with conventional pitch measuring schemes and at the same time provides a method of obtaining increased accuracy.     

Difference method for checking the kinematic error in gears

Conclusions Analysis of the difference method of testing the kinematic error in gears shows that, irrespective of the form of the kinematic error curve, this method provides accurate determination of the component amplitudes in the total error of the gear. The method also provides a direct evaluation of the total kinematic error of a gear with an accuracy adequate for practical purposes.The method can be applied by means of a moving-coil kinemometer made by the Chelyabinsk measuring instrument plant and a harmonic analyzer.     

Object surface for applying a modified hartmann test to measure corneal topography

A modified Hartmann test is proposed for measuring corneal topography. The plane screen with holes used in the typical Hartmann test is replaced with a curved object surface. This object surface yields a plane image for a spherical mirror surface. We show that the object surface is an oval of revolution that can be modeled by an ellipsoid. The plane image will be formed by a square array of circular spots, all with the same diameter. To obtain the square array in the image, we calculated the spatial distribution of the spots on the object surface.     

Fabrication and manipulation of solid-state SiO2 nano-gears on a gold surface

A process is presented to fabricate solid-state nano-gears down to a 60?nm outer diameter with six teeth, where the 350?nm diameter ones already have 24 teeth. The small gears are free to move on a polycrystalline gold surface. The gears can be manipulated one by one, using an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, to construct a train of gears where mechanical motion can be transmitted from one gear to another by mastering the surface friction. This is a first step on the way to bridge the fabrication gap between microfabricated and molecule gears.     

Zonal wavefront sensor with reduced number of rows in the detector array

In this paper, we describe a zonal wavefront sensor in which the photodetector array can have a smaller number of rows. The test wavefront is incident on a two-dimensional array of diffraction gratings followed by a single focusing lens. The periodicity and the orientation of the grating rulings of each grating can be chosen such that the +1 order beam from the gratings forms an array of focal spots in the detector plane. We show that by using a square array of zones, it is possible to generate an array of +1 order focal spots having a smaller number of rows, thus reducing the height of the required detector array. The phase profile of the test wavefront can be estimated by measuring the displacements of the +1 order focal spots for the test wavefront relative to the +1 order focal spots for a plane reference wavefront. The narrower width of the photodetector array can offer several advantages, such as a faster frame rate of the wavefront sensor, a reduced amount of cross talk between the nearby detector zones, and a decrease in the maximum thermal noise. We also present experimental results of a proof-of-concept experimental arrangement using the proposed wavefront sensing scheme.