基于行为设计学的移动医疗系统设计研究

目的 基于行为设计学理论解决现有移动医疗服务系统中存在的问题,使移动医疗能够向着更人性化的方向发展.方法 先分析行为设计学与移动医疗系统设计的相关性,再结合行为设计学与服务设计的理论、方法和理论下的分析工具,对目标用户的行为进行分析来获取用户的潜在需求,最后总结出基于行为设计学的移动医疗系统设计策略.结果 将所得的设计策略进行实践应用,并通过对设计成果中的用户行为与使用体验进行可用性测试来证实设计策略的科学性,进而说明行为设计学在移动医疗系统设计中应用可行性.结论 运用行为设计学方法对移动医疗用户的行为进行分析研究,可以明确用户的使用行为特征和用户在行为执行方面的需求,从而制定更合理、更高效地改变用户行为、用户态度的服务模式,促进移动医疗的服务系统的良性发展.     

幼儿行为特征下的引导型家具设计应用研究

目的在幼儿行为特征分析基础上,对引导型幼儿家具进行设计研究。方法通过设计流程的确定,从幼儿的感知行为、认知行为、动作技能、社交行为4个方面,对幼儿行为特征进行分析,在此基础上展开行为引导型幼儿家具设计实践,并深入分析在设计中引导功能的实现方式。结论当代幼儿家具设计应以幼儿身心发展为设计基础,使幼儿家具能够在幼儿成长过程中对幼儿健康和智力发展起到积极地引导作用。     

学龄前儿童合作行为养成系统游戏化设计研究

目的 当前儿童合作行为主动发生及持续发生率较低,通过产品设计促进儿童合作行为养成。方法 通过观察、深入访谈和问卷调研的方式分别对儿童、教师和家长进行需求调研,结合儿童发展心理学总结出学龄前儿童合作行为养成难点并提出解决策略;对行为养成相关产品进行市场调研,产生设计定位,结合机制元素和组建元素调研排序结果,进行游戏化设计实现;通过八角行为分析法框架对产品信息架构进行分析及优化,进而进行产品UI界面设计和学龄前儿童课堂交互机器人设计。结果 构建了基于DMC的游戏化设计流程,完成了学龄前儿童合作行为养成系统游戏化设计,得到被测试者认可。结论 将设计方案进行用户测试并针对评价结果提出优化方案,验证了基于DMC的游戏化设计流程在学龄前儿童合作行为养成系统设计中的可行性和有效性。     

可持续行为设计研究综述

目的 探索可持续行为设计的理论基础、发展现状及其设计策略的实现机制。方法 通过文献回顾,梳理了行为改变的理论基础,分析了“为行为改变而设计”的理论与方法的研究现状,讨论了可持续行为设计策略,最后对相关案例进行了归纳、梳理。结果 明晰了可持续行为设计的理论基础、研究现状和设计策略,提出了可持续行为设计策略下可视化、游戏化和情境计算等说服技术的实现机制。结论 可持续行为设计经过多年发展和研究,具备扎实的理论基础,形成了系统的、层次分明的设计策略。在可视化、游戏化、情境计算等新技术的加持下,可持续行为设计策略的实现机制正日渐完善。未来还应重视社会对个体行为改变的影响以及对可持续性指标的测量。     

基于设计师行为模型的设计策略仿真研究

目的以配色设计为对象,对采取不同设计策略所得到的迭代设计方案开展研究,探索设计师通过团队协作优化设计方案的内部机制。方法构建设计师的行为模型,以此行为模型为基础基于CorelDraw平台的二次开发,编写设计师仿真系统,基于概率特征模拟设计师的原创、修改、交叉遗传等设计行为;以中国传统的京绣纹样作为设计对象,利用仿真系统模拟设计师工作生成配色设计方案。系统通过外部评价者对设计方案进行打分评价,基于不同的设计策略循环迭代直至得出满意解。结果开发了设计师模拟仿真系统,并基于仿真实验数据,分析各种策略下的迭代方案的统计特征。结论在原创、修改、交叉遗传3种设计策略下的方案经多次迭代,不同策略下生成的方案评分趋势呈现出明显的差异,对团队创新的管理模式提出了建议。     

学龄前幼儿父亲移动育儿信息服务设计研究

目的对学龄前幼儿父亲的移动育儿信息服务进行研究。方法以服务设计基本原理为基础,在梳理国内外信息行为和移动信息服务相关研究的基础上,提出基于用户信息行为的移动信息服务设计模型,结合用户调研,进行学龄前幼儿父亲的移动育儿信息服务系统的设计探索。结论研究父亲育儿信息获取、选择、交流和评价行为特征以及移动信息服务期待,提出移动育儿信息服务系统,从线上和线下有针对性地为其提供育儿信息获取与交流分享服务。     

交互设计中基于感知冲突的行为风格研究

目的通过研究设计团队面对感知冲突的团队行为风格,探究不同类型的团队行为风格的应用意义,促进设计团队产生更优秀的设计决策。方法以湖南大学自主研发的交互产品,即"多角色汽车车身造型设计系统"为背景,采用参与式设计方法引入用户参与,以交互手势为切入点,探究设计团队应对感知冲突的行为风格对方案进程和设计输出的影响。结果研究发现,在应对感知冲突时,合作型团队能够满足用户在可用层和易用层上的需求,竞争型团队能够在此基础上延伸到体验层的用户需求。结论研究在多角色设计团队和感知冲突之间发现了合作型与竞争型团队行为风格的应用价值,并针对实验结果提出了合作型和竞争型团队行为风格适用的设计阶段,在实际产品项目中进行了应用,取得了满意的效果。     

试论“绿色设计”

通过“绿色设计”概念的提出,从设计行为和设计观念两方面对其内涵进行了简要分析,从而指出绿色设计对我国社会发展的现实意义。     

购买行为视角下的天津旅游纪念品设计开发

目的从游客需求角度对天津旅游纪念品进行再设计。方法通过发放游客购买行为调查问卷,对来津游客的购买行为进行调查,选取对设计有影响的问题进行分析。在设计方面,通过TRIZ理论40条发明原理中的抽取原理和颜色改变原理对天津旅游纪念品进行再设计。结论设计开发一款符合游客购买行为的纪念品有其可行性。     

劝导用户行为改变的游戏化设计应用

目的探索劝导式设计中游戏化对用户行为产生的影响,通过系列游戏化产品劝导用户转变行为。方法依托长虹校企合作项目,通过对劝导式设计中改变行为的相关因素进行分析,运用游戏化的设计方法,从用户研究到原型设计,对现代生活方式下的客厅行为进行引导。结果以游戏化作为改变用户行为和态度的切入点,设计PINCO系列产品和服务。结论用实际项目验证游戏化改变用户行为的可能性,为劝导用户行为改变的设计实践提供新思路。     

Automatically deriving behavior constraints for performance variables in mechanical design

Generation of the behavioral constraint equations needed for analysis in the mechanical design synthesis-analysis iteration loop is currently based on approaches that model the behavior of an entire system or subsystem of the design. This paper presents a general approach to constraint derivation that is localized around design performance variables. The approach consists of an amenable design configuration representation, a standard format for representing behavior knowledge, and an algorithm that builds a constraint network that can be used to solve for the performance variables by applying behavioral knowledge to the configuration. The algorithm works outward from the initial performance variables, creating new performance variables as required, and processing only those behavior laws and components of the design needed to obtain a solution. It can take design variables (known conditions or variable parameters) into account, takes advantage of the part-subpart hierarchy in the configuration, can exploit previous solutions, and can detect indeterminacy that is sometimes caused by simplifying assumptions.     

Correspondence between self-reported and objective measures of driving exposure and patterns in older drivers

The driving behavior of older adults has been traditionally examined using questionnaires and diaries. The accuracy of self-reports has been questioned, and in-vehicle recording devices touted as more objective measures of real-world driving. The purposes of this study were to replicate and extend prior research comparing self-report and actual measures of driving exposure and patterns. Two electronic devices were installed in the vehicles of 61 drivers (67-92 years, 59% women) who were instructed to drive as usual over 1-week. Participants completed trip logs, daily diaries, a questionnaire on usual driving habits, ratings of situational driving frequency and avoidance and a follow-up interview. Only 53% of the sample attempted to estimate how far they had driven over the week and self-estimates were inaccurate (ME = 77.5 km; CV = 44.5%). Drivers tended to miss a significant number of trips and stops in their diaries. Driving behavior over the week was fairly consistent with usual practices regarding time of day, driving in certain areas, and night driving. However, subjects drove in challenging situations more than usual. Triangulating multiple sources of electronic and self-reported data provided a better understanding about the behavior of older drivers.     

Influence of traffic enforcement on the attitudes and behavior of drivers

Traditionally, traffic enforcement has been an important means of improving traffic safety. Many studies have provided evidence of connections between the level of police enforcement and both driving behavior and the number of traffic accidents. In Northern Kosovo, there has been little, if any, traffic enforcement during the last 13 years. This situation has created a very rare research opportunity – it is now possible to directly study the influence of traffic enforcement on the attitudes and behavior of drivers by comparing two regions, one with traffic enforcement and one without it (Serbia vs. Northern Kosovo). The sample in the present study consisted of 424 drivers (204 from Serbia and 220 from Northern Kosovo). Questionnaires included items about the behaviors of the drivers (e.g., speeding, seat belt, drunk driving) and their attitudes. We also conducted field observations of driving behavior. The results indicated that the lack of enforcement affects almost every type of behavior that we examined. Compared with drivers in Serbia, drivers in Northern Kosovo drive faster, exceed speed limits more frequently, use seat belts less frequently, drive after exceeding the legal limit for alcohol more often, commit aggressive and ordinary violations more frequently and are generally involved in more risky situations.     

Self-reported and observed seat belt use – A case study: Bosnia and Herzegovina

The issue of seat belt use in middle- and low-income countries is strongly evident and has as a result higher rates of fatalities and seriously injured on the roads. The first systematic field research of the seat belt use while driving was carried out in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2011–2012. Research methodology consisted of two mutually conditioned parts (observation and self-reported behavior). Specific features of the methodology used are in the relationship between the observed and interviewed drivers which enabled the analysis of their observed and self-reported behavior while driving. The logistic regression method was used in this work to make the analysis of the influence of personal human characteristics (gender, age, education, exposure) and vehicles’ characteristics (age) on the observed and self-reported driving behavior, from the point of view of seat belt use while driving. The influence of the listed factors on driving behavior, depending on road type (urban or rural), was given special attention in the analysis. The paper shows that certain factors do not have the same impact on driving behavior, in various conditions. Based on results from this study, it will be possible to define certain critical groups of road users and the way in which they must be addressed in order to increase the seat belt wearing rate.     

A Big-Data-based platform of workers’ behavior: Observations from the field

Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) has been used in construction to observe, analyze and modify workers’ behavior. However, studies have identified that BBS has several limitations, which have hindered its effective implementation. To mitigate the negative impact of BBS, this paper uses a case study approach to develop a Big-Data-based platform to classify, collect and store data about workers’ unsafe behavior that is derived from a metro construction project. In developing the platform, three processes were undertaken: (1) a behavioral risk knowledge base was established; (2) images reflecting workers’ unsafe behavior were collected from intelligent video surveillance and mobile application; and (3) images with semantic information were stored via a Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). The platform was implemented during the construction of the metro-system and it is demonstrated that it can effectively analyze semantic information contained in images, automatically extract workers’ unsafe behavior and quickly retrieve on HDFS as well. The research presented in this paper can enable construction organizations with the ability to visualize unsafe acts in real-time and further identify patterns of behavior that can jeopardize safety outcomes.     

Pedestrian behavior and safety on a two-stage crossing with a center refuge island and the effect of winter weather on pedestrian compliance rate

Despite a burgeoning research effort directed at understanding the effects of age, gender, disability, group size, traffic control condition and street width on pedestrian safety and compliance rate as they cross a signalized intersection, remarkably little is known about the compliance rate at a signal controlled two-stage crossing and how pedestrians react to different weather conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pedestrian behavior becomes more risky in inclement weather through the investigation of street crossing behavior and compliance under different weather and road surface conditions at a busy two-stage crossing. Road crossing behavior was filmed at one eight-lane divided road strip at a downtown site in Toronto metropolitan area. The intersection was filmed unobtrusively from a rooftop by one camera set to record both oncoming near-side traffic and pedestrian movements. Pedestrian behavior and compliance rate were scored for a number of determinants of safe road crossing actions. Overall, the results show that road crossing behavior in inclement weather conditions was less safe than in fine weather. The designs of signal timing and configuration of the center refuge island also adversely influenced pedestrian behavior at this crossing, and adverse weather conditions further exacerbated the noncompliance rate. This paper presents new information on compliance rate at a two-stage crossing that emphasizes the need to consider the influence of traffic signal design and weather conditions on pedestrians’ behavior. More studies are needed to develop traffic control techniques to allow pedestrians to cross wide two-stage crossings in safety.     

Persuasive appeals in road safety communication campaigns: Theoretical frameworks and practical implications from the analysis of a decade of road safety campaign materials

Communication campaigns are employed as an important tool to promote road safety practices. Researchers maintain road safety communication campaigns are more effective when their persuasive appeals, which are central to their communicative strategy, are based on explicit theoretical frameworks. This study's main objectives were to develop a detailed categorization of persuasive appeals used in road safety communication campaigns that differentiate between appeals that appear to be similar but differ conceptually, and to indicate the advantages, limitations and ethical issues associated with each type, drawing on behavior change theories. Materials from over 300 campaigns were obtained from 41 countries, mainly using road safety organizations’ websites. Drawing on the literature, five types of main approaches were identified, and the analysis yielded a more detailed categorizations of appeals within these general categories. The analysis points to advantages, limitations, ethical issues and challenges in using different types of appeals. The discussion summarizes challenges in designing persuasive-appeals for road safety communication campaigns.     

实时网络系统的分析和可执行方案

研究了通信网络中的实时网络系统设计方法,依据网络体系结构,通信协议及网络操作系统的有关理论,分析了实时网络系统的特点及设计过程中可能遇到的问题,在分析支持系统设计的有关技术的基础上,以主从式网络及时分多址网络为例给出了设计一个实时系统的可执行方案。     

直流换流阀抗震分析技术的研究

直流换流阀是直流输电的核心设备,它的结构抗震性能直接影响整个直流输电系统的地震安全性。而阀结构的抗震研究是阀结构设计时考虑的重要因素之一。阀结构采用避震设计,建立阀三维有限元模型,考虑铰接处旋转刚度影响, 建立理想阀结构和改进阀结构模型,对理想模型用两种程序程。首先计算两种阀结构的动力特性,分析影响动力特性的主要因素;其次利用时程分析研究了它们在水平和竖直激励下的阀结构响应。结果表明,阀结构具有较好的避震能力,在水平地震作用下可能发生低频振荡现象,改进的阀结构改善了阀体在水平地震作用下的结构位移变形。     

Marginal behavior of a Fermi system interacting with bosonic excitations

We calculated the self-energy of a Fermi system interacting with bosonic excitation. If the bosonic system is near instability, the imaginary part of the self-energy which measures the lifetime of quasiparticles is of the order of ((p)- _F ) which is typical for a marginal Fermi liquid. Such a behavior can appear for three- and two-dimensional Fermi systems.