基片上镀TiO2薄膜光催化降解有机磷农药

以基片上镀ＴiO2薄膜为光催化剂降解有机磷农药. 结果表明,基片为铜丝比基片为钛网和硅片时光催化降解率高;随光照时间延长,光降解率增大;当溶液pH值为2时,光降解率最高;对于钛网,当退火温度为450℃时光催化降解率最大;用HNO3调节溶液pH值比用H2SO4和HCl调节光降解率高;膜使用次数越多,光催化活性越小;硫杆磷酸酯类农药比磷酸酯类农药更容易发生光催化降解;农药浓度越稀,越容易进行光催化降解. 当用铜丝作为基底物、光照时间为60 min 时,光催化降解率可高于80%.     

光催化降解久效磷农药废水的研究

研究了以TiO2作催化剂，久效磷农药的光催化降解规律。1×10（－4）mol／l久效磷农药水溶液，在TiO2和氧化剂存在下，pH为9时，0．5h内完全转化成PO_4~(3-)。     

UV-TiO2-Fenton光催化降解敌百虫农药废水的研究

研究了UV-TiO2-Fenton体系光催化降解敌百虫农药.结果表明:UV-TiO2-Fenton有极强的氧化性,能有效地降解敌百虫农药.当敌百虫农药浓度为0.1 mmol/L,反应液起始pH为3.25,通空气量为2 L/min,TiO2质量浓度为2 g/L,Fe3 用量为0.10mmol/L,H2O2用量为2 mmol/L,光照时间为2 h时,敌百虫农药有机磷的降解率为92.50%,同时发现Cl-、SO42-和H2PO4-等无机阴离子对敌百虫农药的光催化降解产生抑制作用.还探讨了起始pH、无机阴离子,以及电子接受体Fe3 等对光催化降解敌百虫农药的影响.     

纳米TiO_2-WO_3的制备及对甲醛的光催化降解

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2 WO3纳米复合催化剂,对浓度为3 3×10-3mol/L的甲醛溶液进行光催化,考察了不同条件对其光催化降解的影响。结果表明,相同的焙烧温度下,WO3掺杂能抑制粒径的长大;焙烧温度升高,TiO2金红石相质量分数增加,粒径变大;WO3掺杂量为w(WO3)=3%、600℃焙烧时,金红石相质量分数为13 5%,光催化活性最高,甲醛光催化1 5h后降解率达到64%,比纯TiO2光催化活性高出79 4%。     

氧掺杂氮化碳的制备及对农田环境残留农药的降解性能

[目的]构建适用于多菌灵等4种烟-稻轮作农田常用农药的可见光催化降解技术,并阐释降解机制,为缓解农田环境农药残留造成的采收期作物农残超标问题提供理论和技术支撑。[方法]通过高温聚合法制备氧掺杂氮化碳纳米材料,通过扫描电子显微镜等表征技术分析材料微观结构。通过光催化降解试验,评价并筛选出降解性能最优的材料,同时研究复杂因素对降解过程的影响。[结果]氧元素掺杂可有效提高氮化碳纳米材料对目标农药的光催化降解性能,最优材料OCN_0.1对多菌灵可见光下1 h内降解率即可达到94.6%,通过活性物种捕获试验,证实在目标农药的降解过程中,活性物种的贡献度排序为h⁺>¹O₂>·O₂^-。OCN_0.1不仅能有效降解水环境残留农药,在作物生长阶段,喷施OCN_0.1材料48 h后,农残降解率最大也可提高39.95%。[结论]制备获得的OCN_0.1纳米材料,可有效降低农田环境及作物中的农药残留水平,具有良...     

插层法制备g-C3N4/高岭石复合材料及其对罗丹明B的光催化机理研究

伴随着印染行业的快速发展,部分含有罗丹明B(RhB)的染料废水未经处理便被排出.因RhB较难自然降解,对环境造成了恶劣的影响.本文通过置换插层-煅烧法制备出g-C3 N4/高岭石复合材料,在恒温模拟太阳光催化系统下,研究了复合材料对RhB的光催化性能,并探讨其催化机理.结果表明,随g-C3 N4含量递增的复合光催化材料1g-C3 N4/K、2g-C3 N4/K、3g-C3 N4/K、4g-C3 N4/K和5g-C3 N4/K的催化性能呈先升后降的趋势,4g-C3 N4/K催化效果最好,光照6 h对RhB的降解率可达73％.进一步研究提出g-C3 N4/高岭石复合光催化材料的催化机理为光照激发复合光催化剂,产生具有较强氧化还原能力光生载流子空穴对,其可与RhB发生反应,使之氧化成小分子碳氢化合物或被矿化成二氧化碳和水.所制备的高岭石负载石墨相氮化碳光催化材料具有较好的亲水性,使得复合材料在染料溶液中有较好的分散性,有利于光催化过程的进行,有效实现了对RhB的光催化降解.     

光催化反应器中UV/Fenton光催化降解敌百虫农药废水的研究

在光催化反应器中,采用UV/Fenton光催化氧化技术,通过单因素分析实验及正交实验,对影响敌百虫农药废水的光催化降解过程中各因子进行分析及优化,研究结果表明:敌百虫有机磷农药光催化氧化降解率和COD去除率在A2B2C3D3及A3B2C3D3两种条件下都达到85%以上。当最适工艺条件控制为H2O2浓度7 mmol/L、Fe2 /H2O2比值1∶5,光照强度2000μw/cm2,pH为3,光照时间为90 min时,其中COD去除率、有机磷降解率分别为86.8%、89.9%以上,这表明UV/Fenton光催化氧化降解对敌百虫农药的降解具有较为显著的效果,为将来的应用奠定基础。     

新发布的化工国家标准目录(2001年)

序号国家标准号国家标准名称代替标准号1ＧＢ 334 -2 0 0 1敌百虫原药ＧＢ 334 -1 9812ＧＢ/Ｔ 1 60 0 -2 0 0 1农药水分测定方法ＧＢ/Ｔ 1 60 0 -1 9793ＧＢ/Ｔ 1 60 2 -2 0 0 1农药熔点测定方法ＧＢ/Ｔ 1 60 2 -1 9794ＧＢ/Ｔ 1 60 3-2 0 0 1农药乳液稳定性测定方法ＧＢ/Ｔ 1 60 3-1 9795ＧＢ/Ｔ 1 60 5 -2 0 0 1商品农药采样方法ＧＢ/Ｔ 1 60 5 -1 9796ＧＢ 2 4 40 -2 0 0 1尿素 ＧＢ 2 4 40 -1 991、ＧＢ/Ｔ 1 32 5 7-1 9917ＧＢ/Ｔ 2 4 41 .1 -2 0 0 1尿素测定方法　总氮含量的测定ＧＢ/Ｔ 2 4 41 -1 9918ＧＢ/Ｔ 2 4 41 .2 -2 0 0 1尿…     

Ce3+掺杂TiO2光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce3 /TiO2光催化剂,研究了该催化剂对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解效果.结果表明掺杂量w(Ce3 )3.7%,催化剂用量0.12 g·L-1,体系pH值为10,12 mg·L-1亚甲基蓝溶液经2 h光催化降解,其降解率可达98.87%,与纯TiO2相比,Ce3 /TiO2光催化剂显示出良好的光催化活性.     

铜掺杂改性TiO_2光催化降解三氟羧草醚废水研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了铜掺杂改性二氧化钛光催化剂,考察了催化剂用量、光照时间、溶液pH值、铜离子浓度对三氟羧草醚光催化降解效率的影响并与非改性二氧化钛催化降解效率进行了对比。结果表明催化剂用量1.0 g/L、光照时间4 h、pH值4.58的最佳实验条件下,该催化剂处理三氟羧草醚废水的催化降解效率可达92%以上,比非改性二氧化钛催化降解效率提高30%以上,实验结果可为光催化处理难降解二苯醚类除草剂农药废水提供依据。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。