多约束QoS组播路由优化算法研究

不确定网络性能参数下的多约束QoS组播路由优化已成为安全组播领域的一个重要研究课题，也是下一代Internet和高性能网络亟待解决的难题。多约束QoS组播路由优化是NP一完全的多目标优化问题。本文概括了多约束QoS组播路由需求，然后重点讨论多约束QoS组播路由优化的约束树算法和智能算法，最后探讨了多约束QoS组播路由将来的一些主要研究方向。     

DMRMQ:基于多QoS的动态组播路由算法

提出了一种基于多QoS的动态组播路由算法-DMRMQ，该算法采用Bellman-Forei算法作为路径搜索算法，能在满足带宽、延迟、延迟抖动和丢包率的前提下确定具有最小跳数和开销的动态组播路由．针对音频和普通数据流的仿真实验表明，DMRMQ能在基于多QoS的前提下建立动态组播路由，算法在路由请求平均成功率、路由平均延迟和平均跳数等衡量指标上比不考虑QoS的动态组播路由算法具有更好的性能．     

基于蚁群优化的分布式Qos多播路由方法研究

提出了一种基于蚁群优化的分布式QoS多播路由算法,蚁群算法是解决多QoS约束组播路由问题的一种启发式算法,多QoS约束的组播路由技术是当前实现分布式网络多媒体的关键技术.给出了该算法实现的步骤,还结合多播路由问题的特点对算法进行了改进.通过仿真实验讨论了该方法的性能,并与传统的蚁群算法对比,证实了该方法的有效性.     

基于遗传算法的QoS组播路由选择方法

考虑了组播通信服务质量需求与网络资源约束,将满足不同约束的QoS组播路由选择过程转化为一个多目标优化问题,使用一种基于QoS的最小网络费用组播路由树生成算法来寻找最小Steiner树。该方法可以在满足多约束的情况下,寻找费用最小的组播路由树,仿真结果表明该算法有较好的性能。     

一种IP／DWDM光因特网中的QoS组播路由算法

本文讨论了一种IP／DWDM光因特同的QoS组播路由算法，在已知QoS组播请求和所需时间延迟的前提下．提出了一种可以找到基于柔性QoS的、次优的路由树的算法。此外．我们对QoS满意程度一术语作了定义。所提出的算法在多种群并行遗传模拟退火算法基础上构建组播树，并根据波长图为树分配波长。此算法将路由选择和波长分配一体化，路由选择的目的在于找到一个次优组播树，波长分配的目的则是通过使波长覆盖数量最小来最小化组播树的延迟。因此，组播树的估价和QoS用户满意程度两方面都接近最优。该算法同时考虑了负载均衡。仿真结果表明．该算法是灵活有效的。     

IP／DWDM光因特网中一种基于人工免疫算法的QOS组播路由算法

本文提出了一种IP／DWDM光因特网中基于人工免疫算法的QoS组播路由算法，当QoS组播请求和需求区间给定时，能够找到一棵基于QoS的柔性费用近优组播路由树。该算法基于人工免疫算法构造QoS组播路由树，并基于波长图对树进行波长分配，将路由和波长分配集成到一个过程中，同时考虑了负载平衡。仿真结果表明，算法为IP／DWDM光因特网中的组播应用构造的QoS组播路由树是可行和有效的。     

一种光因特网中的一体化QoS组播路由算法

讨论了IP/DWDM光因特网中的一体化多约束QoS组播路由和波长分配算法。给定一个QoS组播请求,包括带宽需求、组播端到端延迟上界和延迟抖动上界,提出了一种算法,它能够找到一棵同时满足上述三个约束的组播树。提出的算法基于一种类似于波长图的逻辑拓扑来构造组播树。逻辑拓扑上的路径同时指出路由和该路由上的可用波长。通过这种方式,算法将路由和波长分配集成在一起一体化考虑。最后,阐述了算法的正确性。     

基于QPSO的QoS组播路由算法

对带宽、延时、延时抖动约束最小代价的QoS组播路由问题进行了研究，提出一种基于量子行为微粒群优化（QPSO）算法来设计路由优化算法。该算法采用一种节点序列编码方案，将路由优化问题转化成一种准连续优化问题，并采用罚函数处理约束条件。应用QPSO算法求解QoS组播路由问题的算例，并与遗传算法和改进后的遗传算法进行比较。计算机仿真实验证明，该算法可以更有效地求得QoS组播路由问题的优化解，可靠性较高。     

一种新的混沌蚁群算法及其在QoS组播路由优化问题中的应用

基于QoS的组播路由问题是通过发现具有某种相关性能约束的最佳组播树,来更好地利用网络资源以支持应用的QoS需求,作为以QoS为中心的网络体系结构中不可缺少的组成部分,目前已成为网络研究领域的重要内容和热点问题.针对多约束条件下的QoS组播路由问题,提出一种新的混沌蚁群算法.该算法基于传统的蚁群算法所存在的不足,利用混沌优化算法对蚁群算法的运行参数进行动态地优化选择,自适应地改进了全局搜索能力和收敛性.仿真实验结果表明,混沌蚁群算法比该文提到的遗传算法及蚁群算法在解决多约束组播路由问题上具有更好的性能.     

基于遗传算法的QoS组播路由算法的适应度函数改进探索

近年来,许多研究者尝试采用遗传算法来解决多QoS约束的组播路由问题,其中构造适应度函数公式是特定算法能否成功搜索到QoS最佳组播路由的重要环节。提出了一种新的基于遗传算法QoS组播路由算法的适应度函数公式,通过仿真试验证明了该适应度函数改进方法能够避免原有适应度函数公式可能造成的不合理解。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。