ZnSe基片上制备二氧化钒薄膜及退火改变组分研究

VO2作为相变材料在激光防护领域有着广阔的应用前景,为了提高透过率,采用在红外波段透过率为70%的ZnSe做基片,用磁控溅射法制备了VO2薄膜.对不同条件下制备的VO2薄膜用X射线电子能谱仪(XPS)测试,并通过拟合来得到VO,V2O3,VO2和V2O5在薄膜中所占的比例.为提高4价钒的含量对薄膜进行了退火处理,根据薄膜中的钒氧的比例,采用了充氧加热退火,退火时间4 h,退火温度450℃,退火真空度2.5×10-2Pa,氧气流量6.5 sccm.4价钒含量提高到了接近60%,分析了退火对氧化钒薄膜中4价钒含量的影响.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备高c轴取向纳米V_2O_5薄膜

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以二乙酰丙酮氧钒(VO(C5H7O2)2)为前驱物,通过提拉方式,在预镀非晶SiO2薄膜的硼硅玻璃上制备多晶纳米五氧化二钒(V2O5)薄膜。通过X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱、紫外-可见-近红外光谱等表征手段对不同热处理条件下的样品进行了结构和光学性能分析。结果表明,热处理温度在350～550℃,无论是在空气中还是在氧分压为0.1Pa的氮气中,均能得到高c轴取向生长的纳米V2O5薄膜,结晶性能良好,晶粒尺寸分布在21～45nm,样品在810cm-1和1026cm-1附近存在对应于5价钒氧化物的红外吸收峰,在500nm出现强烈的带间吸收。与现有的溶胶-凝胶法相比,本实验选用的VO(C5H7O2)2是制备高c轴生长、结晶性好的纳米V2O5薄膜的理想前驱物。     

VO2/Al2O3复合膜系制备及其相变特性

钒的氧化物具有对温度敏感的半导体-金属可逆相变特性.在多种钒氧化合物中,VO2的相变温度点约为68℃,适用于很多应用领域.VO2长期暴露在空气中时,会被氧化.研究了通过制备VO2/Al2O3复合膜系来保持氧化钒薄膜的稳定性的方法.采用TFCalc薄膜设计软件,设计了VO2/Al2O3复合膜系.依据材料的折射率和消光系数,优化了膜系各膜层的厚度,分析了复合膜系的相变特性.采用磁控溅射方式制备了氧化钒薄膜,再通过氧氩混合气氛热处理得到VO2占主要成分的氧化钒薄膜.在氧化钒薄膜上采用射频磁控溅射方法封装了120 nm厚的Al2O3膜.利用分光光度计测量分析了膜系的相变特性,Al2O3膜对VO2膜的相变性能影响很小.Al2O3膜适于VO2薄膜的封装.     

室温红外探测用VOx薄膜的工艺研究

用反应溅射法制备了VOx薄膜.利用XPS分析技术,研究了薄膜组分与氧分压、基片材料、沉积厚度等工艺条件的关系.结果表明本工艺得到V2O5、VO2、V2O3复相膜,氧气流量大和较厚薄膜容易获得高价态V,衬底表面吸附氧会改变薄膜组分,V2O5、VO2含量高的薄膜电阻温度系数相对较高,V2O3不利于红外探测.     

射频磁控溅射氧化钒薄膜的结构与性能研究

以非制冷微测辐射热计型红外探测器应用为需求背景,采用射频磁控溅射技术在300℃低温条件下制备了氧化钒薄膜.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、能量色散谱(EDS)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术表征了薄膜的结晶状态、微观结构与化学组成.采用四探针技术研究了薄膜的电学性能.结果表明该薄膜主要为非晶态的二氧化钒( VO2),并具有光滑的表面形貌.这种非晶VO2薄膜在22～100℃温度范围内不存在半导体-金属相变.100 nm厚的非晶VO2薄膜室温下的面电阻为600 kΩ/,同时表现出-2.1％/℃的较高电阻温度系数(TCR),这表明该薄膜有希望用于非制冷微测辐射热计型红外探测器.     

有机/无机/有机结构的封装薄膜水汽透过率研究

为了减少原子层沉积(ALD)方法在氧化物薄膜制备过程中ALD反应气对有机电致发光器件(OLED)性能的影响,利用旋涂光交联聚合物技术,直接在OLED上形成有机/无机/有机3层结构的保护薄膜。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)的表面形貌分析表明,3层结构的封装薄膜表面平滑且致密,减少水(H2O)汽在氧化物表面积聚,降低H2O对氧化物薄膜的腐蚀作用,且成膜过程对OLED的各功能层没有伤害。经Ca薄膜的电学方法测量证明,这种3层结构的封装薄膜对气体有极高的阻隔作用,其H2O汽透过率(WVTR)可以达到9.0×10-5 g/(m2·day),从而实现了对OLED的有效保护。     

热处理时间对氧化钒薄膜相变性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射的方法在普通玻璃上制备了低价的氧化钒薄膜,在氧气和氩气混合气氛中,对所制备的薄膜进行不同时间的热处理,得到具有相变特性的VO2薄膜。分别利用X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电镜(SEM)分析了薄膜的组分、结晶结构和表面形貌,利用四探针法测试了薄膜的电阻。结果表明:热处理前的氧化钒薄膜主要成分为V2O3,经过热氧化处理后,低价的氧化钒被氧化,薄膜中VO2含量增加,薄膜发生金属-半导体相变,其中450℃、2h为最佳处理参数,其电阻相变幅度超过2个数量级,薄膜的相变温度仅为30℃。     

高TCR氧化钒薄膜研究进展

氧化钒薄膜的高电阻温度系数(TCR)是制作高灵敏度非制冷红外探测器的一个极其重要的参量.探测器的响应率与TCR紧密相关.高TCR将提升红外探测器的探测性能.鉴于氧化钒薄膜TCR的重要性,综述了近几年国内外研究中制备高TCR氧化钒薄膜的新技术并分类归纳:包括离子束增强沉积(IBED)法,反应脉冲激光沉积技术等.由于氧化钒薄膜具有VO2、VO5等多种价态结构,不同的制备条件和方法所生成的氧化钒薄膜TCR大小也不同,因此,分析了相关技术方法的优缺点,并对高TCR进行了一定的理论解释.     

一种制备高质量ZnO薄膜的新型固相源

采用一种新型的单一固相源并利用单源化学气相沉积(SS CVD)技术,在Si(100)上制备出高质量的ZnO 薄膜.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和热重分析(TGA)表征源的化学和物理特性.FTIR测试表明该源具有新型的化学结构,其结构可用Zn4(OH)2(O2 CCH3)6·2H2O表示;TGA表明该源在常温下稳定,在211℃下能完全分解.所制备的ZnO薄膜采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱、光致发光谱进行了分析.分析结果表明,采用这种固相源能够制备出高质量的ZnP薄膜.     

一种制备高质量ZnO薄膜的新型固相源

采用一种新型的单一固相源并利用单源化学气相沉积(SS CVD)技术,在Si(100)上制备出高质量的ZnO 薄膜.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和热重分析(TGA)表征源的化学和物理特性.FTIR测试表明该源具有新型的化学结构,其结构可用Zn4(OH)2(O2 CCH3)6·2H2O表示;TGA表明该源在常温下稳定,在211℃下能完全分解.所制备的ZnO薄膜采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱、光致发光谱进行了分析.分析结果表明,采用这种固相源能够制备出高质量的ZnP薄膜.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks