中国城市化进程中的粮食安全与风/煤制天然气单细胞蛋白的研究

据预测2030年我国人口将会达到峰值14.5亿,城市化率达到70%,届时城市人口新增3亿,总数将超过10亿。随着总人口的持续增加以及城市人口的迅速膨胀,我国未来将会面临严峻的粮食不足问题,尤其以蛋白质为代表的营养物质将会出现严重短缺。本文针对这一问题,提出了以风力发电为能源,以煤制天然气为原料的单细胞蛋白制备新思路,新途径。此方法通过煤制天然气生产单细胞蛋白,既解决了传统煤炭利用中碳排放高、环境负荷大等缺点,实现了煤炭的升级、绿色利用,又解决了利用石油、工农业废弃物生产单细胞蛋白所产生的食品安全性等问题。另外,此方法可实现大规模工业化生产,为解决我国未来蛋白质不足提供一条绿色、高效、切实可行的新途径。     

把握发展机遇推进中国风电叶片产业化

能源是经济和社会发展的重要物质基础。自工业革命以来,世界能源消费剧增,煤炭、石油等化石能源资源消耗迅速,生态环境不断恶化,特别是温室气体排放导致日益严峻的全球气候变化,人类社会的可持续发展受到严重威胁。目前,我国已成为世界能源生产和消费大国,随着经济和社会的不断发展,我国能源需求将持续增长。因此,调整能源结构,保障安全稳定的清洁能源供应,     

燃气热电冷三联供系统与传统能源的经济性分析

本文以燃气热电冷三联供系统的节能性和经济性为研究点,介绍了燃气热电冷三联供系统的流程,分析了国内外热电冷联供系统的研究现状,并以某工业园区为例,通过与传统方案对比,具体计算和分析了采用联供系统取得的经济效益,最后根据作者实践经验,阐述了燃气热电冷三联供系统技术研究工作的发展趋势。     

上海市不同年代住宅小区能源消费调查与分析

为明确上海不同年代住宅能源消费现状及特点,分别对20世纪80年代及2000年后两住宅小区的居住建筑概况、生活方式、对热环境的评价及能耗情况进行了调查。结果显示2000年后小区的能源消费水平明显高于上世纪80年代小区,从人均能耗及单位建筑面积能耗来说,前者分别为后者的1．609倍和0．815倍;采用SPSS软件对两个小区住宅能耗的影响因素进行偏相关分析。结果表明建筑面积和家庭人口数与总能耗密切相关,收入水平对总能耗也有很大影响。各因素对单位建筑面积能耗和总能耗的影响程度各不相同。     

中国钢铁行业CO2排放的系统动力学情景分析

为对未来20年我国钢铁行业的CO_2排放情景有清晰的认识并做好政策准备,利用系统动力学方法构建了我国钢铁行业的CO_2排放模型,并将其与中国可持续发展模型结合起来。仿真结果显示,由于国内需求的增长,我国的钢铁产量将在2022年左右达到峰值,约为7.23亿吨;能源消耗在2013年达到峰值,约为4.57亿吨标准煤;CO_2排放量在2013年左右达到最高峰,约为12.77亿吨。钢铁行业CO_2减排需要利用多种政策组合才能达到最好的减排效果。改进建筑质量和建筑的有效使用,也就是适当减少需求,具有最好的减排效果。此外,加大吨钢废钢单耗、加快能效技术进步也将有助于我国钢铁行业CO_2的整体减排。     

中国能源消费与产业结构变化关系的实证研究

本文运用协整性检验和因果性分析的方法,研究不同产业与能源消费之间的关系,对于调整中国产业结构,减少二氧化碳的排放具有重指导意义。     

基于非共沸工质的喷射式功冷并供循环㶲经济性分析

从热力学第一、二定律和经济性的角度,对一种新型的基于非共沸工质的喷射式功冷并供循环进行热经济性分析。并在此基础上对循环进行参数分析,研究工质组分比、蒸发温度、冷凝温度、膨胀机膨胀比、蒸汽发生器出口温度5个关键参数对循环热效率、㶲效率和资金成本率的影响。最后,以㶲效率最大化和成本率最小化为目标优化函数,采用NSGA-II算法得出帕累托最优解系,并使用TOPSIS方法进行决策,得出最优决策点,即㶲效率为0.131 9,资金成本率为1.94×10^-5美元/s。     

直燃式溴化锂冷温水机组的能耗与经济性分析

对东华大学4号学院楼的溴化锂冷温水机组进行分析,在实际运行工况下与水源热泵系统在一次能耗率、（火用）效率和寿命期总费用3个指标上进行比较,并对直燃式溴化锂吸收式制冷机的应用提出几点建议。     

考虑风电消纳的电-热综合能源系统经济运行研究

为解决能源短缺等问题,各国为可再生能源的发展给予大力支持.但由于可再生能源具有随机性、波动性等特点,难以进行运行调控.如何增大可再生能源的消纳成为当下的研究热点.该文针对风电消纳问题进行研究,将电锅炉、电转气技术及储能设备引入综合能源系统中,并考虑电力需求响应负荷.系统总成本中考虑设备投资与运维成本、购电与购气成本,建...     

冷凝法油气回收工艺的能耗分析

汽油等油品在储运过程中会有部分轻烃组分挥发进入大气,与空气混合成为油气。这部分油气在储运过程中难免会产生环境污染、能源浪费等问题,利用复叠制冷循环制取低温来冷凝油气中的轻烃组分,实现油气回收、节能减排已成为业内研究的热点课题之一。冷凝法油气回收装置的能耗是研究者普遍关心的问题,本文提出了一种冷凝法油气回收系统,计算了温度变化时冷凝负荷的变化,从理论上分析了机组能耗随环境温度变化的规律。并指出了降低机组能耗的关键。     

共平面低功耗CO气体传感器的设计及制作

设计了一种新型的共平面微结构气体传感器,利用MEMS技术制作了传感器样品.实验测得该传感器对于体积分数为50×10~(-6)CO气体的灵敏度为8.6(R0/R),功耗为82mW,响应时间约5s,恢复时间约22s,该传感器的灵敏度是同种敏感材料烧结型传感器(测体积分数50×10~(-6) CO气体)的2.5倍,而功耗却是同种敏感材料烧结型传感器的1/2,是一种具备了体积小、重量轻、功耗低、灵敏度高、便于与其它器件集成等特点,而且制作工艺简单,成本较低的微结构CO气体传感器.     

适合富氧燃烧发电系统的空分制氧能耗分析

根据富氧燃烧对氧气需求的特点,讨论比较了基于深冷低温工艺的空分制氧设备的类型及流程,探讨了适合富氧燃烧发电机组的改进空分流程与参数选择,基于空气分离的热力学原理与空分系统主要设备耗功计算方法,以300 MW燃煤富氧燃烧机组为对象,计算了不同空分流程、不同制氧纯度的空分设备能耗和厂用电率,分析结果表明:氧纯度降低时,虽然...     

Dynamic response of a vertical cantilever structure in the natural wind

The paper describes an investigation in which the dynamic response of a vertical cantilever structure exposed to the natural turbulent wind was observed. The structure consisted of a steel tube 2 743 m (9 ft) high on the top of which was mounted a closed drum 609 6 mm (2 ft) diameter by 609 6 mm (2 ft) high. The deflexions of the drum on two orthogonal axes were measured and also the strains near the lower end of the steel tube. Wind velocity was measured with a hot–wire anemometer and all the measurements were recorded on a high speed ultraviolet recording galvanometer. The results are considered in two parts: (a) the response transverse to the wind direction (b) the response in the direction of the wind. The transverse displacements are accounted for by vortex shedding and the longitudinal displacements can be calculated from the wind velocity trace, given the requisite structural parameters. Many engineering structures can be considered as structures of one degree of freedom and it appears that the behaviour of all such structures can be predicted by the method used in this investigation.     

Conceptual design and exergy analysis of an integrated structure of natural gas liquefaction and production of liquid fuels from natural gas using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

In this paper, utilizing absorption refrigeration system as an alternative to compression refrigeration system of MFC refrigeration cycle in an integrated superstructure with the main aim of reduction in required energy is investigated. High-energy consumption in such units is reduced because of the removal of a stage of the compression system, while the possibility of using waste energy through employing of absorption refrigeration system can be provided. A superstructure including cogeneration of heating, cooling and power for LNG production and liquid fuels using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are investigated. Exergy analysis shows that the greatest amount of exergy destruction of equipment is related to the compressors by 28.99% and the lowest exergy destruction is related to the gas turbine by 0.17%. Integrated structure has overall thermal efficiency of 90% and specific power of 0.1988 kW h/(kg LNG)⁻¹.     

Analysis and countermeasures of natural gas development in China

Natural gas has become a transitional bridge from fossil to green and clean energy worldwide. The importance of natural gas utilization in energy structure optimization and green development is no exception for China. However, the supply of China’s natural gas limits the country’s demand with three factors. (1) China’s natural gas resource is relatively rich, but its quality is poor with deep burial depth. Therefore, the annual plateau yield of natural gas cannot be high, with an estimated value of approximately 260–270 ×10⁹ m³. (2) The demand for natural gas in China’s economic development is growing rapidly. The peak demand is estimated to be approximately 550–650 ×10⁹ m³ per year or even higher. The import volume of natural gas will soon exceed that of domestic self-produced gas. (3) Natural gas is a necessity closely related to livelihood. Particularly, a shortage in natural gas supply affects social stability. Therefore, its external dependency should be under 50% and not exceed 60%. In this study, the future situation of China’s natural gas is forecasted, and relevant countermeasures and suggestions are proposed in accordance with research on China’s natural gas resource potential, production trend, supply-demand link, and gas supply safety factors.     

Energy consumption in the recovery of argon from purge gas in ammonia synthesis plant

Characteristics of two types of argon separation process from the purge gas are described, one with two single columns and the other with one double column. Typical flow sheets of these of processes are presented. A comparison is also made for energy consumption in these processes.     

大跨柔性空间结构风压和耦合风效应分析

研究大跨柔性空间结构的表面风压和流固耦合风效应.引入流体运动控制方程和大涡模拟湍流模式,提出风与结构的流固耦合方程的迭代求解过程.提出张拉索膜结构的加载预应力态、稳定态和耦合态等三个受载状态概念和统一形式的动力方程表达.以某典型索穹顶结构为例,采用以风时程为荷载的动力响应时程方法、单向耦合算法和双向耦合算法,开展结构风效应的数值计算和比较.研究发现,动力响应时域方法和单向耦合算法的结构平均位移计算结果基本相同,但前者的结构风振系数较大.双向耦合算法的结构平均位移计算结果小于前两种方法,但风振系数在三种方法中最大.