均匀天线阵列的空间相关性函数分析

推导了均匀圆形阵列与均匀线形阵列的空间相关性函数精确表达式和近似表达式。表达式由天线间距、阵列形状以及到达角分布构成。利用均匀角能量分布,分析均匀圆形阵列与均匀线形阵列的空间相关性精确模型和近似模型,并利用Matlab进行仿真。仿真结果表明,近似分析在一定的条件下可替代精确分析,并可减少74%的运算时间。     

天线相关性对MIMO系统BER性能的影响分析

推导了一种基于拉普拉斯角能量分布的天线相关性的精确算法表达式与近似表达式,分析了影响MIMO系统天线空间相关性的因素,并将之用于对MIMO系统的BER分析。在均匀线性阵列跟圆形阵列中,对比了不同衰落因子下,系统BER随信噪比、天线之间距离以及信号到达角的变化关系。分析了决定系统BER的因素以及降低系统BER的方法。最后通过对近似算法的研究发现,在衰落因子a值比较大时,近似算法能很好地代替精确算法,并能大大简化计算复杂度。     

接收天线阵列三维空域相关性快速评估算法

针对任意三维到达波角度分布时,接收天线阵列的空域相关性评估比较复杂,通常只能采用数值积分方法的问题,本文提出了一种基于角谱域脉冲采样的三维空域相关性评估快速算法。该算法首先利用特定采样脉冲对三维入射波功率角谱进行二维采样,然后根据采样脉冲的空域相关系数加权叠加获得不同天线接收信号之间的空域相关性,大大降低相关性计算的复杂度。同时,文中还推导获得基于最小均方误差准则的采样脉冲表达式及其对应的空域相关系数精确解析式和近似表达式。仿真和分析结果表明,当角谱域采样间隔小于10度时,该快速算法的最大误差小于0.01,但运算时间远远小于数值积分方法及其它评估方法,可满足信道估计和天线阵列设计等实际需求。      

空间衰落相关性对MIMO多天线信道特性研究

文中对常用的波达信号在拉普拉斯(Laplace)角谱分布函数进行深入的研究。分析MIMO阵列多天线系统在波达信号角功率谱分布下的衰落相关系数并推导出了其通用精确和近似表达式。阐明了波达信号分布与MIMO阵列间的内在机理及近似算法的优越性和使用限制条件,进而提出了改进型的空间散射体分布模型的波达信号角谱分布。研究结果为未来5G MIMO多天线布局和设计提供了理论指导和研究基础。     

基于无人机集群的近场线性稀疏阵列波束形成研究

无人机集群构成的天线阵列常呈现近场、稀疏特性,经典波束形成理论无法适配。为此,该文首先构建了近场均匀线阵信号模型,通过对信号相位差函数进行泰勒展开近似提出基于线性调频脉冲压缩处理的近场波束形成简化实现方法,并以此为基础在空间-频率2维域内对近场波束形成特性进行了分析:从空间频率偏移和带宽失配的角度,分析得到了近场波束的方位向增益变化特性和距离向增益变化特性;从空间欠采样的角度,研究提出了阵元稀疏分布条件下近场波束栅瓣分布的解析表达式。仿真证明了该文结论的有效性,为利用波束形成技术提高无人机集群的通信、电子侦察、干扰能力提供了理论支撑。     

基于低阶近似分布源的目标方位估计

广义阵列流型描述的分布源模型,利用了一阶Taylor级数展开,使得模型与分布源空间能量分布形式无关,能够更加广泛地在实际中得到应用,称之为一阶近似分布源模型。研究表明,此种模型忽略高次Taylor级数项后带来的模型误差以及后续方位估计算法的性能损失,因此提出了二阶近似分布源模型,即利用二阶Taylor级数展开。新模型能够进一步减小模型误差,并且对相应的方位估计算法带来较大的性能提升。将分布源的一阶近似模型和二阶近似模型统称为低阶近似分布源模型。随后分析了低阶近似分布源模型在方位估计中的应用,提出了广义SMVDR算法。通过计算机仿真,验证了低阶近似分布源模型方位估计算法的性能,并且研究了分布源的低阶近似模型、空间频率模型和低阶Jacobi-Anger(JA)级数展开模型的模型误差。     

椭球共形阵列增益与等效面积关系研究

为了解各种共形阵列天线增益在空间的分布情况,从而确定共形阵列的形状。以椭球共形阵列天线为例,给出了一种使用等效投影面积来估算共形阵列天线增益分布的方法。考虑天线单元作用范围影响,推导了各个来波方向等效投影面积的数学表达式。在推导出天线单元具体位置的基础上,根据波束合成原理,通过仿真得到了各个来波方向上的增益分布。对比可见,阵列增益的仿真结果与等效面积的数值计算结果曲线形状吻合,可以直接利用等效面积公式调节椭球长短轴比来改变增益。     

混合信源背景下的DOA估计分步改进算法

信号在传输过程中会产生多径和电磁干扰,到达天线阵列后会同时存在非相干和相干信源,针对这种情况,文中提出了一种分步估计到达角的改进算法。该算法首先利用MUSIC算法估计非相干信源的到达角,然后在信号协方差矩阵中分离出相干信源的协方差矩阵,只对相干信源进行空间平滑估计出相干信源到达角。相比传统空间平滑算法,该算法在保持良好到达角分辨力的同时,减小了对天线阵列数的要求,在低信噪比时拥有更精确的估计能力。     

分布式嵌套阵列及其DOA估计

提出了一种分布式嵌套阵列天线结构,由两个相互独立的四级嵌套子阵构成。两个子阵间存在一个基线长度,且满足一定条件。对该阵列天线接收到的信号进行高阶累积量和Khatri-Rao积运算可以得到三个完全相同的均匀直线阵列天线结构。针对新得到的阵列天线结构,使用基于空间平滑技术的双尺度酉旋转不变子空间( ESPRIT)波达方向( DOA)估计算法对信号进行DOA估计。该方法可以有效地提高阵列天线的自由度,进而达到提高估计精度的目地。仿真结果证明了基于所提出阵列天线结构的DOA估计方法的有效性。     

三维空间多天线相关性及互耦影响研究

针对三维传播环境下多天线系统空域相关性评估问题,首先将达波信号二维角度谱建模为更为通用的von Mises-Fisher（vMF）分布,并推导了不同阵列流型天线空域相关系数的解析式和近似表达式;然后分析互耦机理及其对接收信号矢量的影响,据此推导了互耦效应下天线空域相关性的闭式表达式,并给出了存在互耦的相关性与无互耦相关性之间的内在关系.仿真结果表明,本文推导的天线相关性表达式与数值计算结果非常吻合.另外,小角度扩展时,考虑互耦效应的天线空域相关曲线围绕着无互耦时的相关性曲线上下波动,且面型阵列具有更好的抗互耦能力.     

入射角能量分布对均匀圆形天线相关性影响

以均匀分布的圆形天线阵列为模型,入射信号分别为均匀、高斯和拉普拉斯能量分布和三种双边带分布时,推导出其空间相关性的精确和近似表达式,分析了在入射信号为双边分布时各种因素对于其空间相关性的影响。仿真分析结果表明,双边带分布时相关性波动幅度和差值取决于中心到达角之间的差值。     

圆形天线阵的两种空间相关性模型分析

首先介绍了多入多出系统相对于其他通信系统的优点,提出有必要研究信道的空间相关性。然后给出了高斯分布与均匀分布下用于多入多出系统的2种相关模型。利用数学分析及改进的贝塞尔函数将2个复杂相关模型近似化。计算机仿真实验结果证明,近似模型在一定的条件下可替代精确模型,并可减少计算复杂性。     

Linear prediction from samples of a function and its derivatives

Some formulas for the prediction of the values of a band-limited function based on its samples from the past are generalized by including past samples of its first derivative. The new sums, developed by an approach based on Newton series, make it possible to double the distance between the sample points. The resulting formulas are shown to apply to the prediction problem for a large class of entire functions of exponential type. In addition, a related prediction formula which uses past samples of successively higher derivatives is shown to behave similarly to the Taylor series approximation, again for a class of functions that includes the band-limited functions.     

随机误差对阵列天线副瓣电平的影响分析

采用三角函数近似和幂级数展开近似等数值方法,推导出阵列天线中的阵元随机误差(包括幅度误差和相位误差)对天线副瓣电平产生影响的一般规律,代替难以得到的解析解。分析结果表明:随机误差对副瓣电平的影响与阵元数目和阵元幅值分布有关,而且不同的随机误差近似计算方法得到的结果亦有所不同,在不存在解析解的条件下,只有综合比较各种方法,才能客观估计随机误差对天线副瓣性能的影响。     

An exact TEM calculation of loss in a stripline of arbitrarydimensions

Based on a modification of a conformal mapping originally introduced by R.H.T. Bates (1956), an exact expression for the quasi-static conductive attenuation constant α_c, of a general stripline with arbitrary dimensions is obtained. The method is based on a quasi-static formula for α_c which assumes a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode and is thus restricted to the case where the skin depth is small compared to the strip thickness. The final formula for α_c involves an integral of only a smoothly varying function, since an analytic extraction of a term representing the singular behavior of the charge density is performed in the analysis. A comparison of the results obtained using the present method and the approximate formulas of S.B. Cohn (1955) shows that a maximum error of about 5-6% occurs in the Cohn formulas at a point where the two approximate formulas are joined     

The multivariate α-μ distribution

An infinite series formulation for the multivariate α-μ joint probability density function with arbitrary correlation matrix and non-identically distributed variates is derived. The expression is exact and general and includes all of the results previously published in the literature concerning the distributions comprised by the α-μ distribution. The general expression is then particularized to an indeed very simple, approximate closed-form solution. In addition, a multivariate joint cumulative distribution function is obtained, again in simple, closed-form manner. As an application example, the exact and approximate performances of the selection combining scheme given in terms of the outage probability is shown. Approximate and exact results are very close to each other for small as well as medium values of correlation.     

Polynomial approximation of Maliuzhinets' function

Approximate formulas for the Maliuzhinets functions which give the solutions for the wedge diffraction with face impedance, are derived using the Chebyshev polynomials for various wedge angles. The coefficients of the polynomials are listed in a table. Although the formulas are derived for real variables, it is found that they can be used for the restricted range of complex variables. Since the validity of the formulas depends on both real and imaginary part when applied to complex variables, the equi-error contour of the formulas is given for the special case where the exact solution is available. An alternative but empirical formula for Maliuzhinets' functions is also obtained, which can be applied to arbitrary wedge angles.     

Exact solutions of electromagnetic fields in both near and farzones radiated by thin circular-loop antennas: a general representation

This paper presents an alternative vector analysis of the electromagnetic (EM) fields radiated from thin circular-loop antennas of arbitrary radius a. This method, which employs the dyadic Green's function in the derivation of the EM radiated fields, makes the analysis more general, compact, and straightforward than those two methods published recently by Werner (1996) and Overfelt (1996). Both near and far zones are considered so that the EM radiated fields are expressed in terms of the vector-wave eigenfunctions. Not only the exact solution of the EM fields in the near and far zones outside the region (where r>a) is derived by the use of the spherical Hankel function of the first kind, but also the closed-series form of the EM fields radiated in the near zone inside the region 0⩽r