有机氟阴极电泳涂料的制备工艺

水性含氟涂料既具有氟树脂的耐候、耐污、耐腐蚀等性能,又具有水性涂料环保、安全等性能,目前国内对此研究还不够深入。以环氧树脂为主体,选择合适的丙烯酸单体、有机氟单体对其改性,合成了同时具备环氧树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氟树脂性质的阳离子型含氟环氧丙烯酸树脂,并以此为主体树脂制备出水稀释型阴极电泳涂料,重点探讨了含氟单体的种类和数量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对树脂合成以及漆膜性能的影响。结果表明:在合适的工艺条件下,可以得到高耐腐蚀性、耐老化性、自洁性的电泳漆膜。     

舰船高性能防腐蚀防污涂料研究进展

简要论述了海洋防腐蚀防污涂料的发展历史和研究现状,重点论述了舰船高性能防腐蚀防污涂料的最新研究进展。有机锡自抛光防污涂料被禁止使用之后,基于丙烯酸锌、丙烯酸铜和丙烯酸硅烷酯的自抛光防污涂料得到了广泛应用。基于含防污功能基团树脂的防污涂料、基于降解树脂的防污涂料以及基于表面结构特性的防污涂料技术成为当前防污涂料研究的热点。文中详细报道了降解树脂的结构对降解性能及力学性能影响规律,以及表面结构特性对污损释放型防污涂料防污性能的影响规律。随着环境保护法规的日趋严格,防腐蚀涂料向无溶剂(或高固体)、长效方向发展。报道了提高涂层的湿态附着力和致密性的方法,采用该方法可以大幅提高涂层的力学性能和耐蚀性能,满足了远洋和深海装备发展需求。     

Modifizierung unpolarer Polymeroberflächen

Modification of non‐polar polymer surfaces In numerous technological relevant processes the adhesion in compound systems is of central importance. It concerns for example surface coatings and the manufacturing of composites. Particular problems result at the compounding of polyolefins, silicones and fluoropolymers due to their very low surface energy. The modification of such polymer surfaces with the aim of functionalisation and with it of increasing the surface energy results in an improvement of adhesion properties of the materials. A well‐established procedure, particularly in the automotive industry, is the flame treatment of the surfaces. However, a defined chemical modification of the surface depends on many parameters and thus is very difficult to standardize. A defined change of the surface can be better achieved through a targeted plasma treatment, in which in our case the surface is stabilized by a subsequent wet chemical process step.     

磁控溅射法制备HAF/YSZ梯度复合涂层及生物性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术在Ti6Al4V基体上成功制备了含氟羟基磷灰石梯度复合涂层(HAF/YSZ)。利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电子探针(EDX)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对涂层的成分分布、形貌、界面结合进行表征。通过模拟体液(SBF)实验,分析和评价了HAF/YSZ涂层在模拟人体条件下的生物性能。结果表明,所制备涂层表面粗糙,呈多孔岛状结构,有利于新生骨组织的生长;涂层与基体结合紧密,各层间相互扩散,整体一致性较好;经模拟体液浸泡后,涂层表面有新生物质沉积,表现出较好的生物活性及稳定性;梯度复合涂层较氟含量单一的氟羟基磷灰石涂层具有更好的抗体液溶解能力及稳定性。     

钼及其合金氧化防护涂层的研究进展

钼及其合金具有较好的高温力学性能和良好的耐腐蚀性能,然而高温氧化问题限制了钼及其合金的应用。分别从涂层体系、涂层结构及涂层的制备工艺3个方面综述了近年来国内外钼及其合金氧化防护涂层的研究进展。在涂层体系方面,目前的研究主要集中在钼的硅化物(如MoSi2涂层)上;在涂层结构方面,对比了各种结构涂层的特点,单一涂层与基体存在热膨胀不匹配问题,使得单一涂层作为高温防护的应用受到限制,然而复合涂层却明显改善了此缺点;在涂层的制备工艺方面,介绍了涂层的各种制备工艺及其优缺点。综合应用各种涂层制备工艺,发展新型复合涂层是今后钼及其合金氧化防护涂层的发展方向。     

Bond-coating in plasma-sprayed calcium-phosphate coatings

The influence of bond–coating on the mechanical properties of plasma-spray coatings of hydroxyatite on Ti was investigated. Plasma-spray powder was produced from human teeth enamel and dentine. Before processing the main apatite coating, a very thin layer of Al₂O₃/TiO₂ was applied on super clean and roughened, by Al₂O₃ blasting, Ti surface as bond-coating. The experimental results showed that bond-coating caused significant increase of the mechanical properties of the coating layer: In the case of the enamel powder from 6.66 MPa of the simple coating to 9.71 MPa for the bond-coating and in the case of the dentine powder from 6.27 MPa to 7.84 MPa, respectively. Both tooth derived powders feature high thermal stability likely due to their relatively high content of fluorine. Therefore, F-rich apatites, such those investigated in this study, emerge themselves as superior candidate materials for calcium phosphate coatings of producing medical devices. The methods of apatite powder production and shaping optimization of powder particles are both key factors of a successful coating. The methods used in this study can be adopted as handy, inexpensive and reliable ways to produce high quality of powders for plasma spray purposes. An erratum to this article is available at .     

WH-1038氟碳面层涂料的性能研究

氟碳涂料是指使用了含氟树脂为基料的新型涂料,其树脂结构中的F—C键是键长最短、键能最大的化学键。氟碳涂料表面张力很低,因此具有非常出色的耐污染和自洁功能。通过对WH-1038氟碳涂料进行的工艺模拟性能试验,得出了涂料的喷涂工艺流程,并指出了使用中存在的问题。     

Ti6Al4V表面HAF/YSZ梯度复合涂层的制备和性能

采用射频磁控溅射技术在Ti6Al4V基体上制备含氟羟基磷灰石(HAF)梯度复合涂层,对涂层的氟含量、物相组成及形貌进行了表征,并分析了梯度复合涂层在模拟人体条件下的生物活性和稳定性。结果表明:复合涂层中的氟呈梯度分布,n(Ca)/n(P)随着涂层中氟含量的增加逐渐减小。HAF/YSZ(Y_2O_3稳定的ZrO_2,简称YSZ)复合涂层在SBF环境下生成的新物质为碳酸类骨磷灰石,氟促进磷灰石相的发育,氟含量呈梯度分布能有效提高涂层的抗体液溶解能力和与基体间的结合性能;HAF/YSZ梯度复合涂层比无氟羟基磷灰石及氟含量单一的涂层具有更好的生物活性和稳定性。     

纳米SiO_2/改性丙烯酸树脂低表面能防污涂料

低表面能防污涂料是船舶涂料的一个重要分支。利用有机硅改性的丙烯酸树脂作为成膜物质,纳米SiO2为填料,制备了低表面能纳米复合防污涂料。考察了有机硅单体对改性丙烯酸树脂性能的影响,发现随着有机硅含量的增加,改性后的树脂粘度减小,水接触角增加。研究了氟硅烷改性纳米SiO2含量对涂层形貌和水接触角的影响。结果表明,添加少量的氟硅烷处理的纳米SiO2(1%和3%)可显著增大涂层的水接触角,提高涂层的防污性能。添加纳米SiO2浆的涂层的水接触角要高于添加接枝氟硅烷纳米SiO2的涂层,而后者要高于添加未接枝氟硅烷纳米SiO2的涂层。当纳米SiO2的添加量在1%和3%时,涂层的水接触角分别达到101.8°和103°。采用纳米浓缩浆工艺分散后的纳米SiO2可以使涂层的表面形成微米-纳米的特征形貌,从而实现防污的目的。     

煤制油碱性水储罐内表面无溶剂改性环氧防腐蚀涂料涂层的制备及其性能

煤直接液化制油工艺碱性含硫污水储罐内壁的腐蚀特征复杂,内防腐蚀涂层脱落问题是储罐设备安全的隐患,同时也是制约装置长周期运行的瓶颈。以纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂、有机硅环氧杂化树脂与双酚A环氧树脂复配,制备无溶剂改性环氧涂料,用于直接液化制油工艺碱性含硫污水储罐内壁的防腐蚀,并在A3钢表面制备无溶剂改性环氧防腐蚀涂层,采用相关标准测试其性能。结果表明:采用纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂可以明显改善无溶剂防腐蚀涂料涂层的耐冲击强度、柔韧性以及交联度;硅烷偶联剂与二氧化硅改性环氧涂料使涂层附着力保持时间明显延长;有机硅环氧杂化树脂可以有效改善涂层抗腐蚀介质渗透能力,有机硅环氧杂化树脂与纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂则可以极大地减轻涂层表面和涂层本体在腐蚀性介质中的破坏程度,延长防腐蚀涂层使用寿命,满足煤制油工艺中碱性水储罐的防腐蚀要求。     

Nanocomposite‐Beschichtungen auf CBN‐Werkzeugen

Nanocomposite coatings on CBN‐tools CBN (cubic boron nitride) cutting materials are often used to improve the properties of cutting tools. This allows new applications and processes, which are not possible with common cutting materials (e.g. hard metals). Today CBN cutting materials are mostly coated to estimate the wear by an optical evaluation. Coatings on CBN cutting materials for enhancement of the tribological properties are normally not used. For improvement of the properties of used CBN tools during the cutting process a coating technology was developed. This technology combines the advantages of CBN cutting materials with the excellent properties (e.g. hardness, temperature stability) of nanostructured materials. Investigations with different coating systems and pre‐treatment processes were done to test the CBN cutting tools. These investigations have been shown, that nanocomposite coatings can be used to enhance the tool life of CBN cutting tools. Important for an increase in the tool life is a very good coating adhesion, which can be reached by special adhesion layers and an optimized coating structure.     

含氟聚合物涂料研究

综述了国内外近十年来含氟聚合物涂料研究方面的进展。     

Low VOC latex paints from a precipitation polymerization process

Even though paints and coatings have been very useful in protecting various substrates, their use has been accompanied by a heavy environmental price. There is a need to minimize the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the formulation of these materials. In the latex paint area, we have implemented a conventional precipitation process in emulsions to form binder particles that contain block copolymers and have softer blocks on the particle surface. The softer surface provides the binder film-forming properties without the need for the use of solvents or VOCs. The covalent connections between the soft blocks and the hard blocks are expected to impart good performance in the resulting dry coatings. Indeed, we have shown that our test coating from these binder particles containing block copolymer have similar properties in most performance categories to those of a semi-gloss control paint that has been formulated with typical amounts of VOCs. Received: 8 August 2000 / Accepted: 28 December 2000     

Recent Advances in Disordered and Nanostructured Carbon Coatings for Superl Ubricity and Wearless Sliding

Increasingly more demanding and very stringent operating conditions envisioned for future mechanical and tribological systems will certainly require new materials and coatings that are superhard and at the same time self-lubricating.For example, dry machining is a much desired practice in manufacturing sector, but it is currently very difficult to realize mainly because of high friction and severe wear losses. However, recent advances in surface engineering and coating technologies may enable design and production of novel coatings architectures that can combine superhardness with self-lubricating properties in both the disordered or nanostructured forms. Recently developed nearly frictionless carbon films, ultrananocrystalline diamond and carbide derived carbon films can dramatically lower friction and at the same time reduce wear under very harsh sliding conditions. These coatings can be formulated in such a way that they can substantially increase the load-bearing capacity of sliding surfaces and hence improve their resistance to scuffing. It is also possible to design nano-composite coatings that can form self-replenishing and-lubricating tribofilms on their sliding surfaces and thus help increase the overall lubricity of these surfaces. In this paper, an overview of recent advances in disordered and nanostructured carbon films will be presented. Specific examples will be given to demonstrate the superior performance and durability of such novel coatings under a very wide range of tribological conditions. The major emphasis is placed on super low friction carbon films. The fundamental tribological mechanisms that control their exceptional friction and wear behaviors are also discussed.     

Glass and glass-ceramic coatings, versatile materials for industrial and engineering applications

Among various coating systems for industrial and engineering applications, glass and glass-ceramic coatings have advantages of chemical inertness, high temperature stability and superior mechanical properties such as abrasion, impact etc as compared to other coating materials applied by thermal spraying in its different forms viz. PVD, CVD, plasma, etc. Besides imparting required functional properties such as heat, abrasion and corrosion resistance to suit particular end use requirements, the glass and glass-ceramic coatings in general also provide good adherence, defect free surface and refractoriness. Systematic studies covering the basic science of glass and glass-ceramic coatings, the functional properties required for a particular end-use along with the various fields of application have been reviewed in this paper.     

耐特种气体腐蚀涡旋干泵的研制

采用化学镀、氟涂料和真空离子镀(PVD)技术对涡旋干泵实施防护涂层,对转子和定子采用化学镀镍磷和氟涂料封闭技术制备防护涂层;对曲柄轴和曲柄销采用PVD技术制备Cr/CrN多层复合防护镀层。通过腐蚀试验表明,防护涂层可以长时间抵抗高腐蚀性气体的腐蚀,能够有效地提高涡旋干泵的使用寿命。     

不同氟碳涂层在武汉地区老化行为的比较研究

在武汉地区对两种不同氟含量的氟碳树脂涂层进行户外曝晒试验,并对曝晒1 a后的试样进行盐雾试验,使用红外吸收光谱法检测涂层的特征基团变化,用常规方法检测光泽度及结合强度.同时,通过对结合强度变化数据的拟合,分析了氟碳涂层中含氟分子链降解及结构变化的规律.结果表明,相同曝晒时间下,含氟量低的氟碳涂层老化较含氟量高的严重,且含氟量低的氟碳涂层的耐蚀性能和结合强度随曝晒时间下降较快.     

PVD‐Schutzschichten für Werkzeuge des Präzisionsblankpressens

PVD protective coatings for precision molding tools Precision glass molding (PGM) is a replicative hot forming process for the production of complex optical components, such as aspherical lenses for digital and mobile phone cameras or optical elements for laser systems. The efficiency and thus also the profitability of the PGM depend on the unit price per pressed component, which correlates primarily with the service lifetime of the pressing tools. To increase tool lifetime, the tool surfaces are coated with protective coatings based on precious metals or carbon using physical vapour deposition (PVD). The PVD coating technology enables the deposition of thin coatings, which also follow more complex surface geometries and achieve a high surface quality. PVD coatings are also commonly used to protect tools from wear and corrosion. This paper presents two chromium‐based nitride hard coatings produced by an industrial PVD unit and investigated for their applicability for PGM. Two different coating architectures were implemented, on the one hand a single coating chromium aluminium nitride (Cr,Al)N coating and on the other hand a nanolaminar CrN/AlN coating with alternating layers of chromium nitride and aluminium nitride. The latter is a coating consisting of hundreds of nano‐layers, only a few nanometers thick. Both coatings, (Cr,Al)N and CrN/AlN, each have a thickness of s ～ 300 nm in order to follow the tool contour as closely as possible. The properties of the coating systems, which are of particular relevance for PGM, are considered. These include on the one hand the adhesion of glass, the roughness and topography of the surface and the adhesion between the coating and the tool material. In addition, the barrier effect of the coatings against diffusion of oxygen was investigated. In order to reproduce the thermal boundary conditions of the PGM, thermocyclic aging tests are performed and their influence on the different properties is described.     

Long-term durability of sol-gel porous coatings for solar glass covers

The application of antireflective coatings to the glass covers of solar thermal collectors, allows to increase the efficiency of the whole system. In this sense, sol-gel silica porous coatings have been deposited on borosilicate glass and solar transmittance values as high as 0.97 have been obtained. The densification process of the films has been studied and the optimal heat treatment conditions have been established. The durability of the materials used in solar systems is a key point since they should keep their initial properties during the operation life-time. In this work, the stability of the optical properties of the films after 2200 h at 50 °C under condensation exposure has been achieved, thanks to the application of a hydrophobic treatment to the coating surface.     

水性自交联纳米复合道路标志涂料的研制

将水性聚氨酯弹性树脂2344用硅烷偶联剂改性，并与纳米二氧化硅、功能多胺聚合物、颜填料和助剂等复配，制得了性能优异的自交联环保型道路标志涂料。该水性纳米复合道路标志涂料具有干燥速度快、强耐磨、耐水和耐老化的特性。硅烷偶联剂改性后的弹性树脂，在涂料中能明显改善涂料的干燥速度、附着力和耐水性。纳米二氧化硅、云母和玻璃粉等功能填料与硅烷偶联剂改性后的弹性树脂和多胺聚合物发挥协同作用，能明显增强涂料的干燥速度、硬度、耐磨性和抗紫外线粉化性能，满足道路标线涂料的特殊性能要求。