Fatty Acid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Seed Oil Extracted by Optimized Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Seeds are another product in addition to leaves (raw materials for teas) of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plant. The great increase of tea consumption in recent years raises the challenge of finding commercial applications for tea seeds. In the present study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) extraction edible oil from tea seed was carried out, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize processing parameters including time (20-90 min), temperature (35-45 °C) and pressure (50-90 MPa). The fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of the extracted oil was also investigated. The highest yield of oil (29.2 ± 0.6%) was obtained under optimal SC-CO(2) extraction conditions (45 °C, 89.7 min and 32 MPa, respectively), which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that (25.3 ± 1.0%) given by Soxhlet extraction. Meanwhile, tea seed oil extracted by SC-CO(2) contained approximately 80% unsaturated fatty acids and showed a much stronger scavenging ability on the DPPH radical than that extracted by Soxhlet. SC-CO(2) is a promising alternative for efficient extraction of edible oil from tea seed. Moreover, tea seed oil extracted by SC-CO(2) is highly edible and has good antioxidant activity, and therefore may play a potential role as a health-promoting food resource in human diets.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取蛋黄油实验研究

介绍了超临界二氧化碳萃取技术提取蛋黄洫的工作原理及工艺流程。设计了正交实验.考察萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间等参数对萃取率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取器萃取分离香茅油

本文介绍了利用现有１５０Ｌ高压釜（压力２０ＭＰａ）改造的超临界二氧化碳萃取器萃取分离香茅油,探讨了压力、温度、时间对萃取分离效果的影响。结果表明,采用超临界二氧化碳萃取器萃取分离香茅油时应选择一个适宜的压力、温度和萃取时间,产品的色、香味、纯度均优于常规的减压蒸馏法。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取蛋黄油实验研究

介绍超临界二氧化碳萃取技术提取蛋黄油的工作原理及工艺流程.设计了正交实验,考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间等参数对萃取率的影响,确定了最佧工艺条件.     

Bioactive Components of Commercial and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Processed Wheat Germ Oil

Wheat germ oil (WGO) is a specialty product with a very high nutritional value. The chemical composition of both commercial and pilot scale supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) processed WGO was examined. This study showed that methods used for oil extraction and refining did not have a significant effect on the fatty acid composition of the oil. SC-CO₂ extracted oil had a higher tocopherol content than that of commercially hexane extracted oil. The phospholipid content of the SC-CO₂ extracted oil was very low indicating that the SC-CO₂ extraction method could eliminate the degumming step from edible oil refining processes. Although the conventional chemical oil refining technique reduced the tocopherol content of the WGO, it was possible to concentrate tocopherols in WGO by using physical refining methods such as molecular distillation. Published with approval of the Director, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.     

萃取八角茴香精油的研究

用超临界CO₂萃取八角茴香精油。采用4因素4水平的正交试验,得出超临界CO₂萃取八角茴香精油的最佳工艺条件为:压力16 MPa、温度35℃、时间2 h、CO₂流量30 L/h。在此条件下,八角茴香萃取物得率为10.5%。采用水蒸气蒸馏提取精油,得率为7.5%。对两种不同提取方法得到的精油的品质和得率进行了比较。超临界CO₂萃取方法得到的八角茴香精油产品得率比水蒸气法高出40%,并且香气更全面。     

超临界CO_2萃取芹菜籽油研究

用超临界ＣＯ２萃取技术对广东白芹菜籽进行了萃取研究。结果表明，萃取压力低于１５ＭＰａ时，较重的油树脂等成分难以被萃取出来；萃取温度为３０８Ｋ时对萃取最有利；解析温度对萃取效率影响较小；ＣＯ２流量对萃取效率的影响比床层高度引起的扩散阻力的影响大得多。超临界ＣＯ２萃取所得芹菜籽油品质优越，且其中的药用有效成分（３－正丁基－４，５－二氢苯并呋喃酮）含量比水汽法所得芹菜籽油的高五倍多。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取在石油工业中的应用探究

随着化工工程的发展,超临界技术得以发展并被广泛的应用到了各个领域之中,尤其是石油化工行业。二氧化碳、乙醇、丙烯等气体都可作为流体萃取的溶剂,而在石油工业中,二氧化碳萃取具有独特的优势。对以二氧化碳为溶剂的超临界流体萃取技术在石油工业中的应用情况进行分析与探究。     

Oil Production from De-shelled Aquilaria crassna Seeds Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction

This study examined the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) in the extraction of triglycerides from de-shelled Aquilaria crassna seeds. A central composite response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the effects of pressure, temperature and solvent-to-solid ratio (SSR) on total yield (TY), concentration of triglycerides (C _TG) and recovery of triglycerides (R _TG). For this experimental design, pressures that ranged from 250 to 350 bar, temperatures that ranged from 313 to 333 K and SSR that ranged from 80 to 120 were investigated for the SC-CO₂ extractions of 15 g of powdered de-shelled A. crassna seeds at a CO₂ flow rate of 25 mL/min under the supercritical phase. The values of TY, C _TG and R _TG achieved were 36.89 %, 709.5 mg/g and 95.4 %, respectively, under the conditions of a pressure of 340 bar, a temperature of 333 K and an SSR of 115 obtained from the quadratic fitting models.     

Oxidative Stability of Papaya Seed Oil From Hainan/Eksotika Obtained by Subcritical and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction

Papaya seed is a good source of edible oil with considerable antioxidant activity. Here, papaya seed oil (PSO) of Hainan/Eksotika variety was obtained by subcritical butane extraction (SBE) and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCDE), and its yields, physicochemical properties, oxidative and thermal stability, and chemical and microscopic structures were compared. The results showed that SBE‐PSO had a higher yield (25.88 ± 0.29% vs. 19.47 ± 0.92%), but a lower melting point compared to SCDE‐PSO. Molecular structures indicated that there was no oxidative degradation during SBE and SCDE. Both SBE and SCDE caused significant structural changes of seed tissues. In addition, aldehyde composition analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that SBE‐PSO had fewer octanal, nonanal, 2‐decenal, and 2‐undecenal contents than SCDE‐PSO. All these results proved that SBE‐PSO exhibited superiority on the oxidative stability compared to SCDE‐PSO. It indicated that SBE was a superior method to obtain antioxidant edible oil with good stability.     

超临界CO2萃取山苍子核仁油的工艺研究

研究了用超临界CO2流体萃取山苍子核仁油的萃取工艺,探讨了各种影响因素对山苍子核仁油萃取率的影响,通过正交试验确定了超临界萃取的最佳工艺为：萃取温度45℃、萃取压力25 MPa、CO2流量220 L/h、萃取时间80 min。在此条件下,山苍子核仁油萃取率84.5%。研究证明了加入溶剂和剥壳均可提高山苍子核仁油的萃取率。     

Optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction of different anatomical parts of lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch.) using response surface methodology and evaluation of extracts composition

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO₂) parameters were optimized using response surface methodology and central composite design for lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch.) roots and leaves containing valuable phytoconstituents. Mathematical model predicted the highest yields of extracts from roots and leaves 2.26 and 2.29%, respectively, at 45 MPa pressure, 60 °C temperature, 90 min (roots) and 30 min (leaves) extraction time, whereas the yield of hydrodistilled essential oil was 0.24 and 0.74%, respectively. The highest relative content of the most valuable constituent Z-ligustilide in roots and leaves extracts was 77 and 50% at 10 MPa; however, the highest yields of this compound from 100 g of dry material were obtained at the highest applied pressure and constituted 1188 mg (roots) and 540 mg (leaves). This study showed that lovage is a good source of Z-ligustilide and SFE-CO₂ is a preferable technique for its isolation.     

岩蔷薇超临界二氧化碳萃取研究

采用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术 ,研究了岩蔷薇的萃取工艺。探讨了温度、压力、时间及CO2 流量等因素对萃取物得率的影响 ,采用四因素四水平的正交设计 ,得出超临界二氧化碳萃取最佳工艺条件为 :压力 2 8MPa、温度 40℃、时间 3h、流量 3 0L/h ,萃取物得率为 6.6%。产品质量优于有机溶剂萃取法。     

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of the Oak Silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) Pupal Oil: Process Optimization and Composition Determination

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) extraction of oil from oak silkworm pupae was performed in the present research. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the parameters of SC-CO(2) extraction, including extraction pressure, temperature, time and CO(2) flow rate on the yield of oak silkworm pupal oil (OSPO). The optimal extraction condition for oil yield within the experimental range of the variables researched was at 28.03 MPa, 1.83 h, 35.31 °C and 20.26 L/h as flow rate of CO(2). Under this condition, the oil yield was predicted to be 26.18%. The oak silkworm pupal oil contains eight fatty acids, and is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and α-linolenic acid (ALA), accounting for 77.29% and 34.27% in the total oil respectively.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取在石油工业中的应用

近年来,超临界二氧化碳萃取技术作为分析化学中一种新兴技术,迅速显示了其特有的效果和广泛的运用前景。文章介绍了超临界二氧化碳萃取的原理和特性,重点阐述其在油气开采和石油炼制研究领域的进展状况,并指出了该技术的发展方向。     

超临界CO2萃取技术提取生理活性物质的研究进展

超临界CO2萃取技术主要是利用超临界CO2在其临界点附近所具有的一些独特的性质对物质进行提取分离的方法，作为一种高新分离技术，该技术具有能保持产品生物活性，提高产品的提取率和纯度等优点，该法操作简单可行，介绍超临界CO2萃取技术的基本原理及特点，综述用该技术提取生理活性物质的研究现状，并展望了其在这一领域的应用前景。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取低挥发性液体混合物的相平衡

在半连续式实验设备中分别测定了苯甲醇－２－苯乙醇和苯甲酸酯－苯甲醇的等摩尔混合物与超临界ＣＯ２三元系相平衡数据。实验温度分别为３０８．２Ｋ和３１８．２Ｋ，压力范围为８～２０ＭＰａ。实验结果表明：对第一个三元系，两种液体在超临界ＣＯ２中的溶解度与ＣＯ２在液相中溶解行为密切相关；对第二个三元系，较高压力下，超临界流体相中苯甲酸甲酯浓度突然增大，而苯甲醇浓度变化不明显。通过引入考虑分子体积差别的二元作用参数，用Ｐｅｎｇ－Ｒｏｂｉｎｓｏｎ方程对气液平衡数据进行了关联。     

超声强化密相CO2萃取葵花籽油的研究

进行了超声强化密相CO2萃取葵花籽油的研究,探讨了萃取温度、压力、时间、CO2流速以及超声功率密度和频率对葵花籽油萃取率的影响.结果表明,附加20 kHz、100 W·L-1的超声波后,萃取压力、时间和CO2流速分别降低了5 MPa、0.5 h和0.5 L·h-1.超声对萃取的影响主要是由于超声的机械波动效应.采用了响应曲面法对超声强化萃取条件进行了优化,并得到优化后的萃取条件为:萃取温度28.3℃、压力28 MPa、时间178 min、CO2流速3.0 L·h-1、超声功率密度为100 W·L-1、超声频率为20 kHz.在优化条件下,UDCE与DCE相比能够提高19%的萃取率.     

Supercritical CO2 Extraction Optimization of Onion Oil Using Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the conditions of supercritical CO₂ extraction of the oil from freeze‐dried onion powder. The effects of pressure, temperature and extraction time on the yield of oil were investigated. The maximum extraction yield of 4.69 ± 0.04 g/kg dry basis was achieved at a pressure of 20.6 MPa, a temperature of 40.6 °C, a time of 260 min, a CO₂ flow rate of 22 L h^–1, and an entrainer ratio of 0.1 mL absolute ethanol per gram dry basis. The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The most representative compounds of the essential oil were organosulfur‐containing compounds and, among these, the main constituents were methyl 5‐methylfuryl sulfide (18.30 %), methyl 3,4‐dimethyl‐2‐thienyl disulfide (11.75 %) and 1‐propenyl propyl disulfide (9.72 %).     

Purification of Waste Cooking Oils via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction

Purification of waste cooking oils (palm oil and soybean oil) using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) extraction has been investigated. The purified oils were characterized by their acid value, conjugated diene value, total polar compound measurements, and high-performance size exclusion chromatography. Using optimal extractions conditions of 353.15 K, 20 MPa, and CO₂ flow rate of 40 g/min, 80% of the oil was recovered and the purified oil compositions and properties were very close to those of the fresh oils. At higher pressures or lower temperatures, the separation efficiency of the scCO₂ extraction was significantly reduced.