采用变间隔阈值PI模型的压电平台前馈控制

为提高压电微动平台在运动过程中的定位精度,设计前馈控制器来控制平台输出位移。首先,根据压电微动平台迟滞曲线的特点,在不降低模型精度要求的前提下,对迟滞曲线非线性较大区域进行细密划分,对线性较好区域进行稀疏划分,进而建立了变间隔阈值的平台Prandtl-Ishilinskii(PI)迟滞模型;接着,通过对所建平台迟滞模型求逆,给出了平台的前馈控制算法;最后,将所设计的前馈控制器作用于平台,对其进行了实际控制。结果表明,在4μm的目标阶跃激励下,平台的响应时间为0.01s,无超调,稳态误差中线从无控制时的0.4~0.5μm减小为0~0.2μm;在最大值为20.7μm的幅值衰减三角波输入作用下,平台定位误差中线的最大正负差值从无控制时的3.82μm减小到1.15μm。所设计的控制器可有效减小压电微动平台的迟滞误差。     

压电微动杆迟滞动力学建模与鲁棒控制研究

压电微动杆作为光学设备主动调焦系统的关键设备,会因压电迟滞非线性及复杂机电耦合效应严重影响其位移输出精度,进而影响光学设备的性能。为实现压电微动杆的高精度控制,建立了压电微动杆的多场耦合迟滞动力学模型。在此基础上,对压电微动杆设计鲁棒H_∞反馈控制和逆Bouc-Wen前馈控制构成鲁棒复合控制器,在保证系统鲁棒性的同时补偿压电迟滞影响,提高控制精度。最后设计压电微动杆实验系统进行跟踪实验验证,结果表明所设计的鲁棒复合控制方法能够实现压电微动杆的高精度位移控制。     

压电微操作器的混合灵敏度H∞控制

针对压电微操作器的迟滞非线性补偿问题,采用PrandtlIshlinskii(PI)法建立了描述微操作器迟滞非线性特性的迟滞模型,并设计其前馈控制器。首先通过将系统逆补偿输出线性化,设计混合灵敏度H_∞控制器,使系统具有较好的动静态特性。其次搭建了由多自由度微动平台和末端柔性操作臂构成的压电微操作器系统,并进行一系列测控实验。结果表明,基于PI逆模型的前馈控制可以较好地补偿压电微操作器的迟滞非线性,在最大输出位移125 μm的情况下,最大迟滞非线性率由21.7%降低至7.4%。同时混合灵敏度H_∞控制能以较小的相对控制误差实现对不同类型和频率的参考轨迹跟踪,甚至微操作器动力学参数发生变化时,仍然具有较好的控制效果,证实了所提出控制器的可行性。     

基于PI迟滞模型的压电陶瓷复合控制算法研究

为减小压电陶瓷的迟滞非线性对系统跟踪精度的影响,该文采用经典的存在逆解析的PI迟滞模型对压电陶瓷的迟滞特性进行建模,将PI模型的逆模型用于压电陶瓷的前馈控制算法中,然后设计了神经元比例、积分、微分(PID)反馈控制算法,将前馈控制算法与神经元PID反馈控制算法结合得到了压电陶瓷的复合控制算法。将仅含前馈的控制算法和复合控制算法在压电陶瓷的控制器上执行,实验结果表明,仅含前馈的控制算法的跟踪误差为1.256 μm,而复合控制算法的跟踪误差仅为0.092 μm,该复合控制算法使跟踪精度提高了1.164 μm。     

基于PI迟滞模型的压电陶瓷复合控制算法研究

为减小压电陶瓷的迟滞非线性对系统跟踪精度的影响,该文采用经典的存在逆解析的PI迟滞模型对压电陶瓷的迟滞特性进行建模,将PI模型的逆模型用于压电陶瓷的前馈控制算法中,然后设计了神经元比例、积分、微分(PID)反馈控制算法,将前馈控制算法与神经元PID反馈控制算法结合得到了压电陶瓷的复合控制算法。将仅含前馈的控制算法和复合控制算法在压电陶瓷的控制器上执行,实验结果表明,仅含前馈的控制算法的跟踪误差为1.256μm,而复合控制算法的跟踪误差仅为0.092μm,该复合控制算法使跟踪精度提高了1.164μm。     

双向二维快速伺服刀架的前馈控制研究

以压电陶瓷驱动器作为动力输入的快速伺服刀架具有输出力大和高频率响应的优点。压电陶瓷驱动器固有的迟滞现象严重影响了快速伺服刀架的输出定位精度。为解决此问题,通过引入归一化Bouc-Wen模型建立前馈控制补偿器,归一化Bouc-Wen模型解决了经典Bouc-Wen模型中存在的参数冗余问题。获得模型参数后,基于其逆模型搭建了前馈补偿器,并在搭建的实验平台上进行了单/双自由度轨迹跟踪性能测试。实验结果表明,对于等幅正弦波信号,经前馈控制环节补偿下快速伺服刀架的最大轨迹跟踪误差为1.18%,最大轨迹跟踪偏差为2.61%,证明该文所提出的前馈控制补偿器能提高快速伺服刀架的定位精度。     

压电驱动器建模与控制技术研究

该文对压电驱动器建模与控制技术进行了研究。通过二阶系统描述了压电驱动器的线性动态特性。基于Preisach迟滞模型,提出了全新的简化模型,避免了Preisach模型中复杂的双重积分运算。通过前馈与反馈控制技术相结合,为压电驱动器设计了一个综合控制器。在前馈控制器中,通过Preisach模型描述逆迟滞环,有效解决了Preisach模型不可逆的问题。通过比例、积分、微分(PID)反馈控制器,有效提高了系统鲁棒性,并有效补偿了前馈控制器中模型不精确带来的误差。最终,通过实验分别验证了模型的有效性及控制器的控制作用。     

压电叠堆执行器迟滞建模与前馈补偿研究

针对压电叠堆执行器输入电压与输出位移的动态迟滞特性,结合非对称静态Bouc-Wen迟滞模型,建立了压电叠堆执行器动态迟滞模型,并采用粒子群算法辨识出6个模型参数。为提高压电叠堆执行器动态位移输出精度,进一步推导出压电叠堆执行器迟滞逆模型,最终在此基础上对压电叠堆执行器进行前馈补偿研究。仿真与实验结果对比表明,在0~120V峰值电压与0~500Hz激励频率内,所建立的动态迟滞模型能够较好地描述与预测压电叠堆执行器的动态输出位移。前馈补偿实验研究结果表明,利用所建的迟滞逆模型补偿后,压电叠堆执行器的滞环减小,输出位移非线性度下降约3%。     

压电偏摆台的复合控制

由于压电陶瓷具有迟滞效应,为了更好地控制压电偏摆台,减少迟滞效应对控制系统的影响,首先通过坐标变换对偏摆台建立了Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI)迟滞模型,然后求解其逆模型,并设计前馈控制器,使输入、输出角度间具有较好的线性关系。最后在此基础上进行比例-积分-微分(PID)反馈控制,构成复合控制系统,大幅度提高了定位精度。实验结果表明,最大定位误差为2.2μrad,具有良好的控制效果。     

压电陶瓷位移平台的复合控制方法研究

针对压电陶瓷(PZT)位移平台因迟滞特性而降低系统定位精度的问题,该文采用了一种带有前馈补偿的复合型控制方法。首先建立前馈模型,提出了一种分段式Prandtl-Ishlinskii(P-I)模型,并对所建平台迟滞模型求逆,其建模误差率在0.7%内;然后针对闭环回路设计了串联比例-积分(PI)模拟电路、滤波电路和检测电路,进一步提高了控制系统的响应速度和控制精度。实验结果表明,压电陶瓷位移平台在频率为100 Hz,行程为0~140 μm的情况下,基于前馈补偿的复合控制系统的平均绝对误差为0.039 μm,最大误差为0.16 μm;与仅有前馈控制相比,其控制精度提高了73.76%。     

Hysteresis modeling and compensation of a piezostage using least squares support vector machines

Hysteresis effect degrades the positioning accuracy of a piezostage, and hence the nonlinearity has to be suppressed for ultrahigh-precision positioning applications. This paper extends least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) to the domain of hysteresis modeling and compensation for a piezostage driven by piezoelectric stack actuators. A LS-SVM model is proposed and trained by introducing the current input value and input variation rate as the input data set to formulate a one-to-one mapping. By adopting the radial basis function (RBF) as kernel function, the LS-SVM model only has two free hyperparameters, which are optimally tuned by resorting to Bayesian inference framework. The effectiveness of the presented model is verified as compared with two state-of-the-art approaches, namely, Bouc–Wen model and modified Prandtl–Ishlinskii (MPI) model. In addition, the LS-SVM inverse model based feedforward control combined with an incremental proportional–integral–derivative (PID) feedback control is designed to compensate the hysteresis nonlinearity. Experimental results show that the LS-SVM model based hybrid control scheme is superior to the Bouc–Wen model and MPI model based ones as well as either of the stand-alone controllers. The rate-dependent hysteresis is suppressed to a negligible level, which validates the effectiveness of the constructed controller. Owing to a simple procedure, the proposed LS-SVM based approach can be applied to modeling and control of other types of hysteretic systems as well.     

Evolutionary algorithm based feedforward control for contouring of a biaxial piezo-actuated stage

The main objective of this paper is to establish a precision contouring control of a biaxial piezoelectric-actuated stage. The positioning accuracy of the piezoelectric-actuated stage is limited due to the hysteretic nonlinearity of the piezoelectric actuators (PEA). To compensate this hysteresis problem, a feedforward controller based on an evolution algorithm is proposed. The dynamics of the hysteresis is formulated by the Bouc–Wen model and the evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are studied to identify the optimal parameters of the Bouc–Wen model. To verify the consistency, two micro-contouring tasks are implemented by the proposed feedforward controller with the feedback of linear optical scales in DSP based real-time control architecture.     

大口径压电快摆镜机构迟滞非线性补偿与控制

为了提高空间天文望远镜精密稳像系统中大口径压电快摆镜机构（Fast Steering Mirror,FSM）的控制精度,采用迟滞前馈补偿和最优PID控制算法相结合的复合控制策略。针对基于广义Play算子的Prandtl-Ishlinskii（PI）模型可逆性受约束条件限制以及求逆过程中模型参数估计误差累加的问题,提出了一种基于广义Stop算子的PI逆模型进行压电执行器（Piezoelectric Actuator,PZT）迟滞补偿。针对逆迟滞模型的不确定性和直接前馈控制抗干扰能力差的问题,在控制系统中加入最优PID闭环控制器。采用自适应差分进化算法（Adaptive Differential Evolution,ADE）对迟滞逆模型参数和PID控制器参数进行寻优并引入混沌搜索机制来提高ADE算法的性能。实验结果表明:与传统PI模型解析求逆方法相比,基于广义Stop算子的PI逆模型能够更好描述逆迟滞曲线,拟合频率为1 Hz的迟滞曲线,拟合精度提高78.04%;实时跟踪频率分别为1、10、20 Hz的大口径快摆机构目标摆动位移,复合控制策略的跟踪精度相比于直接前馈控制分别提高了38.56%,22.92%和13.5%。     

Precise position control of shape memory alloy actuator using inverse hysteresis model and model reference adaptive control system

Position control of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators has been a challenging topic during the last years due to their nonlinearities in the governing physical equations as well as their hysteresis behaviors. Using the inverse of phenomenological hysteresis model in order to compensate the input–output hysteresis behavior of these actuators shows the effectiveness of this approach. In this paper, in order to control the tip deflection of a large deformation flexible beam actuated by an SMA actuator wire, a feedforward–feedback controller is proposed. The feedforward part of the proposed control system, maps the beam deflection into SMA temperature, is based on the inverse of the generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii model. An adaptive model reference temperature control system is cascaded to the inverse hysteresis model in order to estimate the SMA electrical current for tracking the reference signal. In addition, a closed-loop proportional–integral controller with position feedback is added to the feedforward controller to increase the accuracy as well as eliminate the steady state error in position control process. Experimental results indicate that the proposed controller has great accuracy in tracking some square wave signals. It is also experimentally shown that the suggested controller has precise tracking performance in presence of environmental disturbances.     

Precise positioning of piezo-actuated stages using hysteresis-observer based control

The piezo-actuated stages are composed of the piezoelectric actuator and the positioning mechanism. The positioning accuracy of the piezo-actuated stage is limited due to hysteretic nonlinearity of the PEA and friction behaviour of the positioning mechanism. To compensate this nonlinearity of piezoelectric actuator, a PI feedback control associated with feedforward compensating based on the hysteresis observer is proposed in this paper. To verify the consistency of the proposed method, the experiments are implemented by real-time control to be compared with the numerical simulation.     

彩色多普勒超声对宫腔疾病的诊断

研究了微型三坐标测量仪中由压电陶瓷器件+柔性铰链构成的微动系统.根据该微动系统对定位精度的要求及微动系统具有迟滞、蠕变等强非线性的特点,该文提出一种神经网络自适应模糊推理比例微分积分(PID)位置控制系统,并进行了控制系统结构研究和实验分析.跟踪实验结果表明,智能PID控制能有效改善系统的动态和静态性能;定位精度实验表明两轴双向定位精度较传统PID控制有大的提高,达到了设计要求.     

Integral resonant damping for high-bandwidth control of piezoceramic stack actuators with asymmetric hysteresis nonlinearity

This paper presents a novel control scheme for high-bandwidth control of piezoceramic stack actuators (PSAs). For this purpose, we first characterize and compensate for the asymmetric hysteresis nonlinearity of the PSA. A linear integral resonant controller is then designed as a means for damping the resonant modes of the dynamic system with the hysteresis compensation. Finally, a tracking controller and feedforward input are developed to minimize the tracking errors and improve the closed-loop tracking bandwidth. To verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed control scheme, a PSA-actuated positioning platform is built and comparative experiments are conducted. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controller achieves robust broadband nanopositioning of the PSA by improving the tracking bandwidth from 22 Hz (with an integral controller) to 657 Hz.     

Position control of shape memory alloy actuator based on the generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii inverse model

Hysteresis and significant nonlinearities in the behavior of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators encumber effective utilization of these actuator. Due to these effects, the position control of SMA actuators has been a great challenge in recent years. Literature review of the research conducted in this area shows that using the inverse of the phenomenological hysteresis models can compensate the hysteresis of these actuators effectively. But, inverting some of these models, such as Preisach model, is numerically a complex task. However, the generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii model is analytically invertible, and therefore can be implemented conveniently as a feedforward controller for compensating hysteresis nonlinearities effects in SMA actuators. In this paper a feedforward–feedback controller is used to control the tip deflection of a large deflected flexible beam actuated by an SMA actuator wire. The feedforward part of the control system is based on the generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii inverse model while a conventional proportional–integral feedback controller is added to the feedforward controller to increase the accuracy together with eliminating the steady state error in position control process. Experimental results show that the proposed controller performs well in terms of achieving small overshoot and undershoot for square wave tracking as well as small tracking errors for sinusoidal trajectory. It has also great capability for tracking hysteresis minor loops.