齿形襟翼结构尾缘轴流风机性能仿真研究

以某两级动叶可调轴流风机为例,采用大涡模拟(LES)对不同齿长的齿形襟翼结构下的风机性能、涡结构和气动噪声进行了计算,分析了其内流特征、噪声源分布和降噪机理。结果表明：齿形襟翼可有效提升风机性能,且全压增幅与齿长成反比;齿形襟翼风机全压效率最高点向大体积流量侧移动,运行高效区变宽;随着齿长的增加,齿形襟翼的静压均值呈现先减小后增大的趋势,其中方案4的静压均值较原风机下降402 Pa,高频降噪最为显著;齿形襟翼可降低湍流脉动强度,尾迹涡的大小和分布区域减小,同时前缘分离涡数量也减少;齿形襟翼尾缘处产生了2对反向对称涡,其相互作用强烈,能量耗散加快,是齿形襟翼结构尾缘能降噪的主要原因。     

齿形襟翼及跨度对风机气动性能影响的数值研究

基于大涡模拟对采用不同跨度齿形襟翼(TGF)的动叶可调轴流风机进行了数值研究,探讨了襟翼及其跨度对风机性能、气动噪声和静压分布的影响,分析了噪声与涡结构分布的内在联系.结果 表明:齿形襟翼可显著提高风机全压,且全压增幅与襟翼跨度成正比,襟翼跨度为0.9时的全压提高1409 Pa;采用齿形襟翼后的风机降噪量随襟翼跨度的减小而增大,襟翼跨度为0.7时的降噪量达18.33 dB;齿形襟翼削弱了叶片尾迹强度,改善了叶根泡状涡尺寸,在襟翼顶部形成一较长管状涡,减弱了尾涡与叶顶泄漏流的相互作用;襟翼跨度越小,改善成效、降噪效果越显著;襟翼跨度为0.9时的齿形襟翼在改善全压、拓宽高效区和降噪等方面的综合性能最优,且在变安装角工况下可有效提升风机全压、改善大流量侧效率.     

仿生轴流风机气动噪声特性的实验研究

针对轴流风机工作时产生的气动噪声问题,运用仿生学原理对某轴流风机叶轮进行了仿生改型设计,分别得到了尾缘锯齿式单结构仿生叶轮的轴流风机和前缘波齿、尾缘锯齿及表面脊状三结构耦合仿生叶轮的轴流风机。对两类风机以及原型风机进行了气动与噪声实验,获得了风机的气动性能与辐射噪声的频谱特性。测试结果表明：两类仿生风机的全压在全流量范围内均有不同程度的下降,最高下降达27%,但尾缘锯齿风机可以提高中小流量工况下的效率,而三结构耦合仿生风机效率低于原型风机;两类仿生风机产生的辐射噪声A声级均低于原型光滑叶轮风机,且尾缘锯齿风机降噪效果优于耦合仿生风机,并且比A声级最大降噪值为1.58 dB;尾缘锯齿沿展向的分布长度越长,效率越高,降噪效果也越佳。     

Gurney襟翼对动叶可调轴流风机性能的影响

以OB-84型动叶可调轴流风机为对象,采用数值模拟方法研究动叶尾缘处安装Gurney襟翼(GF)后对风机性能及内流特征的影响,并对其气动噪声进行评估。结果表明:增设GF可提高风机全压,且其高度越大,风机全压增幅越明显,同时促使最高风机效率点向大流量系数侧移动;高度为0.5%弦长的GF在动叶偏转±3°工况下均可提高大流量系数侧的风机效率;增设GF后,在叶顶处产生的次泄漏涡加剧了叶顶泄漏;尾缘下游区域产生的脱落涡增大了叶片吸力面与压力面间的压差;增设GF后风机气动噪声增大,选用高度为0.5%弦长的GF后,在设计工况点下风机全压和风机效率分别提高12.01%和3.13%。     

锯齿尾缘叶片对轴流风机气动噪声及性能的影响

以OB-84型动叶可调轴流风机为研究对象,采用大涡模拟和FW-H声学模型对锯齿尾缘动叶风机进行了数值模拟,探讨了不同锯齿长度的尾缘对风机气动噪声、压强脉动及性能的影响,并分析了其流场特征和降噪机理。结果表明:锯齿尾缘可明显降低风机的中低频段噪声和流道中气流的压强脉动强度,锯齿长度越大,其影响越明显;锯齿尾缘增强了尾流区的流动掺混,改变了动叶尾缘脱落涡结构,形成了2层整齐的"梳状"流向对涡,由此降低了风机的气动噪声;模型A、模型B和模型C均可以在设计流量或小流量下提高风机效率,以模型A提升最明显,但在大流量下性能均低于原风机。     

齿形襟翼对风力机翼型气动噪声影响的数值研究

为分析齿形襟翼（SGF）尾缘对风力机翼型气动性能及噪声特性的影响,利用SST k-ω湍流模型对装设Gurney襟翼（GF）和SGF的NACA0018翼型进行数值模拟,研究齿高和齿宽对气动性能和静压分布的影响,并采用大涡模拟（LES）对气动性能最优的SGF进行噪声预估和涡结构分析。结果表明：SGF可有效提高翼型升力系数并延迟失速;SGF-0.8-6.7模型可使最大升阻比提高8.61%,失速攻角延迟3°,其在拓宽高升力区间、延迟失速等方面具有最优性能;SGF翼型上下翼面噪声无明显差异,平均声压级随攻角增大而提高;SGF-0.8-6.7模型的尾迹噪声随攻角增大呈现先增后减的变化趋势,随距离增加而降低;翼型辐射噪声呈典型偶极子状,GF噪声小攻角下降低,而大攻角下则增大,SGF在不同攻角下均降噪显著,最大降噪量达10.2 dB;SGF尾涡稳定有序,能耗及损失降低,由此使气动性能和噪声得以明显改善。     

基于DES模型翼型尾缘气动噪声数值研究

为获得高气动性能、低噪声水平的风力机翼型,基于分离涡模拟(DES)模型和声学类比方程建立混合模拟法预测噪声,以S809翼型为基础翼型进行数值模拟,研究尾缘厚度及其分配比对风力机翼型气动性能及气动噪声的影响规律。通过样条函数参数化处理针对翼型S809尾缘改型进行气动噪声计算。结果表明:钝尾缘翼型与原始翼型相比,气动性能得到明显改善,当尾缘厚度为1. 5%c的改型翼型,其升阻比高于其他尾缘厚度的改型翼型升阻比;在不同攻角及不同尾缘厚度分配比下翼型噪声呈现明显的偶极子形状;钝尾缘翼型能够导致气动噪声增加,但其中尾缘厚度为1. 5%c,尾缘分配比为1∶3的钝尾缘翼型气动噪声增加较小。     

仿生叶片在离心风机上应用的数值分析

为了探究仿生叶片对离心风机气动性能、流场和声场的影响,将波形前缘、锯齿尾缘和表面凹坑3种仿生结构应用在离心风机叶片上,并对其流动和噪声辐射进行了数值计算.结果表明:表面凹坑结构抑制了叶片吸力面上的分离流,提升了离心风机的全压和效率,但蜗壳壁面附近的压力脉动幅值增大,最终使噪声不降反增0.85 dB;锯齿尾缘型风机虽然做...     

周向弯叶片对动叶可调轴流风机气动性能影响的数值模拟

为了有效改善轴流风机气动和声学性能,以带后置导叶的OB-84型单级动叶可调轴流风机为对象,利用Fluent软件和Ansys有限元分析模块,对比叶片弯曲前后风机的气动性能和内流特征,分析其静力结构特性并进行了噪声预估。结果表明:叶片弯曲后风机全压提高,大体积流量侧气动性能改善效果明显,设计工况点前弯3.0°性能提升最佳,全压和效率分别提升了3%和0.16%;前弯叶片增大了叶根区轴向速度,延缓了叶根区分离流动的出现,提升了叶片中下部做功能力,减小了叶顶区吸力面与压力面间的压差,有效抑制了叶顶泄漏流的产生;弯曲叶片对降低声功率级影响较小,但可缩小高噪声区分布,从而降低风机噪声。     

轴流通风机仿生降噪方法

对采用锯齿尾缘和波浪前缘2种结构的叶片进行数值模拟,研究其对轴流通风机的降噪效果。针对不同齿高、不同齿数的锯齿尾缘叶片和波浪前缘锯齿尾缘叶片,采用雷诺平均法和分离涡模拟方法计算其流场,并采用FW-H声学类比方程计算其声场。结果表明：在所研究工况范围内,波浪前缘锯齿尾缘叶片比锯齿尾缘叶片降噪效果更好,且二者对全压效率影响不大;对于锯齿尾缘叶片,总声压级随齿高和齿数的增加均有所减小,齿数多时降噪效果较好;波浪前缘锯齿尾缘叶片的总声压级小于原叶片,因而波浪前缘锯齿尾缘组合应用于轴流通风机叶片上的降噪效果比单一的锯齿尾缘叶片和波浪前缘叶片更优。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.